se

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Translingual

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Symbol

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se

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Northern Sami.

See also

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English

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Etymology

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From Mandarin ().

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /sɛ/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes:

Noun

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se (plural ses)

  1. (music) A type of ancient Chinese plucked zither.

Translations

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Anagrams

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Abinomn

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Noun

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se

  1. cloud

Afrikaans

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Alternative forms

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  • s'n (used without a following noun)
  • syn (obsolete)

Etymology

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From Dutch zijn, z'n (his, its). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s as well as, perhaps, the adjective suffix -s, -sch.

Pronunciation

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Particle

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se

  1. follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
    Hierdie is my ouma se huis. — This is my grandmother’s house.

See also

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Albanian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kʷe-, *kʷ(e)i- (how, what). Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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se

  1. that, as, when
    Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj. — It seems to me that you need some new friends.
    Vëllai im më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri. — My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.
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Bavarian

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Alternative forms

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  • 's (unstressed form)

Etymology

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Cognate with German sie.

Pronoun

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se

  1. she, her (accusative)
  2. they, them

Synonyms

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See also

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Bonan

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Etymology

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From Proto-Mongolic *usun.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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se

  1. water

References

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  • Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu), Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan, SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS (Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA), November 1994
  • Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os

Breton

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Pronoun

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se

  1. that, this
    Petra eo se? — What's that?

Catalan

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Etymology

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From Latin .

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')

  1. himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
  2. oneself (direct or indirect object)
  3. themselves (direct or indirect object)
  4. each other (direct or indirect object)

Usage notes

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  • -se is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩, or between some adverbs/pronouns and a verb. In some varieties of Catalan (Balearic/Valencian) it can also occur in sentence-initial position.
  • The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.

Declension

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Central Huasteca Nahuatl

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Pronunciation

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Numeral

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se

  1. one (number).

Central Nahuatl

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Numeral

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se

  1. one.

Cimbrian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle High German si(e) (they), merged from Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl, from Proto-Germanic *īz m, *ijôz f, *ijō n, the nominative plural forms of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.

Pronoun

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se

  1. (Luserna) they

Inflection

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Personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person i biar
2nd person du iar
3rd person er, si, 'z se

References

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Coatepec Nahuatl

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Numeral

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se

  1. one.

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Czech , from Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

Pronoun

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se (reflexive)

  1. clitic accusative of sebe:
    oneself
    myself
    yourself
    himself
    herself
    itself
    ourselves
    yourselves
    themselves
    Synonym: (stressed) sebe
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Etymology 2

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Preposition

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se (also s)

  1. with

Further reading

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  • se”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • se”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • se”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Dalmatian

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Etymology

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From Latin .

Pronoun

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se

  1. (reflexive pronoun) oneself

Danish

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Etymology

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From Old Danish se, from Old Norse (East) *sēa, (Old Norse (West) sjá), from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, cognate with English see, German sehen, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (to see, notice).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense , perfect tense har set)

  1. to see
  2. (reciprocal passive) to see each other

Conjugation

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reciprocal

Dimasa

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Numeral

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  1. one

Esperanto

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Italian se, influenced by French si and Latin .

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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se

  1. if

Ewe

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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se (plural sewo)

  1. law

Fala

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Galician-Portuguese se, sse, from Latin .

Pronoun

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se

  1. Used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent; one
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:
      Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.
      We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned [by someone].
  2. Reflexive and reciprocal pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá:
      Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.
      They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.

Usage notes

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  • Takes the form -si when suffixed to an impersonal verb form.

See also

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References

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  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Faroese

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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se n (genitive singular ses, plural se)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.

Declension

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Declension of se
n4 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative se seið se seini
accusative se seið se seini
dative se, sei senum seum seunum
genitive ses sesins sea seanna

Fijian

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Conjunction

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se

  1. whether, or.

Noun

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se

  1. flower
  2. gills

Finnish

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. For plural forms, see etymology of ne.

The variation in inflectional stems (se-, si-, sii-,) dates back to at least Late Proto-Finnic. The oblique stem si-, seen in most inflected forms, is also found in other Finnic languages, such as the following cognates of the partitive singular sitä: Karelian sitä, Livvi sittäh, Veps sidä, Votic sitä. This is possibly a remnant of the original expected form **si (due to final e > i) which was reversed in some forms, possibly as influence from the plural ne.

The stem sii-, seen in internal locative case forms may have been generalized from the plural forms as a means to distinguish from partitive/essive sitä, sinä; expected internal locative cases **sissä, **sistä may have been avoided as a dissimilation. Compare Veps siš (inessive singular of se).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈse/, [ˈs̠e̞]
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Syllabification(key): se

Pronoun

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se

  1. (demonstrative) that (when the speaker does not point at the thing, either physically or mentally; compare tuo, see usage notes)
    Älä koske siihen!
    Don't touch that! (something located close to the speaker)
    Sitäkö sinä sillä tarkoitit?
    That's what you meant by that?
  2. (demonstrative) it
    Onko se hän, joka on ovella?
    Is it her who's at the door?
    Ota kortti ja pane se pöydälle kuvapuoli alaspäin.
    Take a card and put it on the table face down.
    Kukas se sieltä tulee?
    Who's it coming over there?
  3. the one (who, what, which) (always with a relative clause)
    Se, jolla on eniten pisteitä, on voittaja.
    The one who has the most points is the winner.
    Joka kuritta kasvaa, se kunniatta kuolee.
    [The one] who grows up without discipline dies without honor.
  4. (colloquial or dialectal) he, she, one, (singular) they (the pronoun does not determine the sex/gender of the person)
    Se vaan lähti.
    He just left.

Determiner

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se

  1. that (not pointed at by the speaker; compare tuo, see usage notes)
    Sen auton pakoputki on rikki.
    That car has a broken exhaust.
    Onko sinulla vielä sitä jäätelöä?
    Do you still have some of that ice cream?
  2. (colloquial) the (as a definite article; see the usage notes below)
Usage notes
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  • Both tuo and se can be translated as "that"; see tuo for more information on the difference between the two.
  • In colloquial and dialectal Finnish, se is the usual and neutral personal pronoun in the third person singular, and its standard Finnish counterpart hän is restricted to certain particular uses. Using se of a person carries no negative connotation.
  • Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite, this colloquial usage is ungrammatical. (Compare the usage of yksi.)
    (standard)
    Mies tuli luokseni.The man came to me.
    Luokseni tuli mies.A man came to me.
    (colloquial)
    Se mies tuli mun luokse.The man came to me.
    Yks mies tuli mun luokse.A man came to me.
Inflection
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Irregular (singular stems: se-, si-, sii-, plural stems: ne-, nii-).

Synonyms
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  • (he or she): hän
  • see (rare, dialectal (Southwestern Finnish))
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Kven: se
See also
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Further reading

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  • Tämä, tuo vai se?. Kielikello (4/2001). An article analyzing the usage and differences between the Finnish demonstrative pronouns tämä, tuo and se. (in Finnish)
  • se”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Etymology 2

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Akin to tseh.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈse(ˣ)/, [ˈs̠e̞(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Syllabification(key): se

Interjection

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se (dialectal)

  1. here you go; an encouragement to take something, usually something that is being handed over.
  2. an encouragement to an animal to eat (food)
Usage notes
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Despite being an interjection, some verb-like forms can also be found (sehkää).

Alternative forms
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Anagrams

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Franco-Provençal

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Etymology

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From Latin .

Conjunction

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se (prevocalic s') (ORB, broad)

  1. if

Derived terms

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References

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  • si [1] in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
  • se in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

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Etymology

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From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin . See also soi.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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se m or f (pre-vocalic s’)

  1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
    1. (to) himself
    2. (to) herself
    3. (to) oneself
    4. (to) itself
    5. (to) themselves
    6. (to) each other
  2. (Louisiana) The second-person plural reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
    Je suis partie à la chasse et faut vous autres se comportes bien.I'm going hunting and y'all need to behave yourselves.

Usage notes

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  • Se becomes s’ before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
  • Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:
    Il est normal de se parler. — It is normal to talk to oneself.

Derived terms

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See also

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  • The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: me, m’, te, t’, nous, vous.
  • The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: soi.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Galician

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Etymology 1

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From Old Galician-Portuguese se (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin .

Conjunction

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se

  1. if

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

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Pronoun

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se

  1. accusative/dative of si
  2. The third-person reflexive pronoun.
    1. (to) himself
    2. (to) herself
    3. (to) oneself
    4. (to) itself
    5. (to) themselves
    6. (to) each other

References

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Garo

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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se

  1. husband

German Low German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle Low German , variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /zeː/, /seː/, /zɛɪ/, /sɛɪ/

Pronoun

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se

  1. she
    Se is Anke. — She is Anke (Annie).

Pronoun

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se

  1. they
    Se kaamt ut Bremen. — They come from Bremen.
    • 1861, G. Ungt, Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ollmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ollmanns Jans up de Reise, page 163:
      Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
      5 gaben – gaben sich an – strengten sich an.   6 zu ihnen kamen.

See also

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Gun

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Etymology

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From Proto-Gbe *se (to hear). Cognates include Fon (to understand, hear, feel), Saxwe Gbe (to hear), Adja (to understand, hear, feel, respond), Ewe se (to hear)

Pronunciation

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Verb

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  1. to hear, to listen
  2. to understand

Derived terms

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Haitian Creole

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Etymology

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From French c’est (it is).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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se

  1. to be
  2. that is (compare French c'est)
  3. it is (compare French c'est)

Usage notes

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References

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Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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se (clitic)

  1. Alternative form of sem.

Derived terms

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See also

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Further reading

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  • (not … either, not even): se in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
  • ([folksy, informal] alternative form of sem): se, redirecting to sem in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.

Ido

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Esperanto se.

Conjunction

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se

  1. if
    La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. — The clerk would begin to work if he could.
    Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. — If I could, I would buy another house.

Etymology 2

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From s +‎ -e.

Noun

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se (plural se-i)

  1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.
See also
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Ingrian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *se. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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se

  1. this, that (not bound to a specific location)
    • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 63:
      Linnuille höö siihe kagraa siputtiit.
      They sprinkled oats onto it for the birds.
    • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:
      Inmihiset panniit merkille i sen, etti kaik predmetat päivääl, päivytpaiston aikanna, viskajaat kupahaiset.
      People noticed this as well, that all objects during the day, being a sunny time, cast shadows.
  2. (dialectal) that (distal)
    • 2008, “Läkkäämmä omal viisii [We're speaking [our] own way]”, in Inkeri[4], volume 4, number 69, St. Petersburg, page 12:
      Tämä on Logoven kylä, a se ono Reppoilan kylä.
      This is the village Logovi, and that is the village Reppoila.

Determiner

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se

  1. this, that (not bound to a specific location)
    • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 40:
      Peen tulo saatii siint pellost.
      A small income was received from this field.
  2. (dialectal) that (distal)

Usage notes

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  • Se and neet are anaphoric: That is to say they refer to something previously mentioned (or soon afterwards mentioned) in the conversation. In contrast, too and noo are deictic, and thus refer to physical entities.
  • Although Junus (1936; p. 99) describes sen as the accusative and senen as the genitive, in practice, sen is often used as a short form of the genitive as well.
  • In the Soikkola dialect, the functions of too (that) have merged into se.

Declension

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Declension of se
singular plural
nominative se neet
genitive senen niijen
accusative sen neet
partitive sitä niitä
illative siihe niihe
inessive siin niis
elative siint, siitä niist
allative sille niille
adessive sil niil
ablative silt niilt
translative siks niiks
essive senennä niinnä

Derived terms

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See also

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Ingrian demonstratives
proximal neutral distal
singular tämä (tää) se too
plural nämät (näät) neet noo

References

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  • V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[5], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 99
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 514
  • Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку[6], →ISBN, pages 13-14

Interlingua

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Pronoun

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se (third person)

  1. Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
    Illa se videva in le speculo.She saw herself in the mirror.
  2. Reciprocal: each other, one another.
    Quando illes se cognosceva?When did they meet (each other)?
  3. Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").
    De mi casa se vide le mar.From my house the sea is seen. (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)
  4. Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".
    espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")

Usage notes

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  • (reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.
    infiltrar se — “to infiltrate”
    repentir se — “to repent”

Istriot

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Etymology

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From Latin .

Conjunction

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se

  1. if
    • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
      Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere
      Beautiful one, if you saw the galleys

Italian

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Etymology 1

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From Latin (if)[1] or from Late Latin se(d), from Latin and quid ("what").[2]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /se/**
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: se

Conjunction

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se

  1. if
    Se non è vero, è ben trovato.
    If it is not true, it is a good story.
  2. whether
  3. if only
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Latin .

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /se/°
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: se

Pronoun

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se

  1. Alternative form of si
Usage notes
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  • Used when followed by a third-person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
See also
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Etymology 3

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From Latin sīc.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /se/*
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: se

Adverb

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se

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of così

Conjunction

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se

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of così: if (only); even if
    se Dio ti lasci, lettor, prender frutto / di tua lezioneeven if God leaves you, reader, take fruit of your lesson (Dante)
Usage notes
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  • Used to express a conditional with the implicit hope on the part of the speaker that something does or does not happen. Always followed by the subjunctive.

References

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  1. ^ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951
  2. ^ se2 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Further reading

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Jamaican Creole

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Etymology

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Derived from English say.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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se

  1. to say, to tell
    • 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 3:7:
      Bot wen im si uol iip a piipl fram di Farisii an Sadyusii gruup a kom fi im baptaiz dem, im se tu dem se, “Unu siniek pikni unu! A uu waan unu fi ron we fram di jojment we a kom?
      But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his baptism, he said to them, "You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the wrath to come?

Pronoun

[edit]

se

  1. (relative) that (which, who; representing a subject, direct object, indirect object, or object of a preposition)
    • 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 2:22:
      Bot wen im ier se a Erad pikni, Arkelos, tek uova an did a ruul Judiya, im kech im fried an neehn waahn go de-so. An kaa Gad did waan im aaf iina wan jriim, im lef go Gyalalii insted.
      But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there, and being warned in a dream he withdrew to the district of Galilee.
      (literally, “But when he heard that Herod's child Archelaus took over and was ruling Judea  [])”)

Further reading

[edit]
  • se at majstro.com

Japanese

[edit]

Romanization

[edit]

se

  1. The hiragana syllable (se) or the katakana syllable (se) in Hepburn romanization.

Kalasha

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Sanskrit (sa), सा (), from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Pronoun

[edit]

se

  1. he/she/it (absent from speaker) (3rd-person personal pronoun)

Coordinate terms

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Karelian

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈsʲe/
  • Hyphenation: se

Determiner

[edit]

se

  1. (South Karelian) Alternative form of še

Pronoun

[edit]

se

  1. (South Karelian) Alternative form of še

References

[edit]
  • A. V. Punzhina (1994) “se”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN

Kven

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Finnish se, from Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Determiner

[edit]

se

  1. this, that

Pronoun

[edit]

se

  1. this, that
  2. he, she, it

Declension

[edit]

Synonyms

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Eira Söderholm (2017) Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 278

Ladin

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Latin .

Pronoun

[edit]

se

  1. (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
  2. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.

Lashi

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

se

  1. to know
  2. to be able to

References

[edit]
  • Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[7], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Latin

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

(accusative and ablative, no nominative)

  1. (reflexive pronoun) the accusative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
    Vōcālis est littera quae per sē syllabam facere potest.A vowel is a letter that can form a syllable by itself.
    Quīntus quōmodo sē habet hodiē?How's Quintus doing today? (literally, “is holding himself”)
    In mare praecipitāvit.He drowned himself in the ocean.
  2. (reflexive pronoun) the ablative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun

Usage notes

[edit]
  • sēsē is very common as the emphatic form of the accusative pronoun, especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause.

Declension

[edit]

Derived terms

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

Ligurian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Late Latin se(d), from Latin (if) + quid (what).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Conjunction

[edit]

se

  1. if

Livonian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.

Pronoun

[edit]

se

  1. that
  2. he

Declension

[edit]

Lower Sorbian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

se

  1. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
  2. each other, one another
  3. used to form passives

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “se”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Luxembourgish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

se

  1. unstressed form of si

Declension

[edit]

See Template:lb-decl-personal pronouns for declension.

Malay

[edit]
Malay cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : se

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Numeral

[edit]

se (Jawi spelling س)

  1. one

Synonyms

[edit]

Derived terms

[edit]

Maltese

[edit]
Root
s-j-r (going)
2 terms

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Sometimes thought to have been inherited from Arabic سَ (sa), from سَوْفَ (sawfa). However, it is more likely that the similarity is entirely coincidental and that Maltese se(r) is merely a shortened form of sejjer.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Particle

[edit]

se

  1. Indicates a future tense.

Mandarin

[edit]

Romanization

[edit]

se

  1. Nonstandard spelling of .

Usage notes

[edit]
  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle Dutch

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

se

  1. accusative of si (they)

Middle English

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Old English swē, swǣ, variants of swā (so). More at so.

Adverb

[edit]

se

  1. so

Etymology 2

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

se

  1. Alternative form of see (sea)

Etymology 3

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

se

  1. Alternative form of see (see)

Etymology 4

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

se

  1. Alternative form of sche

Middle French

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Old French se, from Latin .

Pronoun

[edit]

se

  1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.
    1. himself
    2. herself
    3. oneself
    4. itself
    5. themselves
    6. each other
  2. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.
    1. to himself
    2. to herself
    3. to oneself
    4. to itself
    5. to themselves
    6. to each other
      ils se donnerent bataillethey gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)

Usage notes

[edit]
  • Whether to translate as himself, herself, oneself, itself, themselves or each other depends on the gender (male, female or none) and number (singular or plural).
  • Usually becomes s' before a vowel. In older manuscripts, it becomes s- with no apostrophe.

Descendants

[edit]
  • French: se

Middle Low German

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

  1. (third person singular female nominative) she
  2. her (accusative of )
  3. (third person plural nominative) they
  4. them (accusative of )

Declension

[edit]

See Template:gml-perpron for declension.

Descendants

[edit]
  • Dutch Low Saxon: zee
  • German Low German: se
  • Plautdietsch: see

Mpade

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Central Chadic *sa, from Proto-Chadic *sa. Cognate with Matal sa (to drink).

Verb

[edit]

se

  1. to drink

References

[edit]

Neapolitan

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Latin .

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

se

  1. reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.

References

[edit]
  • AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 80: “si chiama” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it

Nheengatu

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Old Tupi xe. Cognate with Guaraní che.

Pronunciation

[edit]
This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.
  • Hyphenation: se
  • Rhymes: -e

Pronoun

[edit]

se

  1. (second-class) first-person singular personal pronoun (I, me, my)
    Se akanhemu aikú nhaãsé se kirá aikú.
    I am scared because I am fat.
    Aé uputari upitá se irũmu.
    He wants to stay with me.
    Se manha uwiké uka pisasú upé.
    My mother enters the new house.

Usage notes

[edit]
  • As a second-class pronoun, se is used as the subject of a sentence when its verb is a second-class one (those verbs are sometimes referred to as adjectives). The personal pronoun se is also used when governed by any postposition with the exception of arama and supé. Finally, se is used as a possessive pronoun as well.

See also

[edit]
Nheengatu personal pronouns
singular first-class pronoun second-class pronoun
first-person ixé se
second-person indé ne
third-person i
plural first-class pronoun second-class pronoun
first-person yandé yané
second-person penhẽ pe
third-person aintá (or ) aintá (or )

References

[edit]

North Frisian

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Old Frisian siā, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

se

  1. (Sylt) to see

Conjugation

[edit]

Northern Kurdish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

An early loan from Middle Persian [script needed] (sg /⁠sag⁠/), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. Akin to native sipe.

Noun

[edit]
Central Kurdish سەگ (seg)

se m

  1. dog

Synonyms

[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Danish se, from Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

se (imperative se, present tense ser, passive ses or sees, simple past , past participle sett, present participle seende)

  1. to see (perceive with the eyes).

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]

Old English

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *siz, replacing earlier *sā, from Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Article

[edit]

  1. the
    mōnathe moon
    sēo sunnethe sun
    þæt seofonstierrethe Pleiades
    þā steorranthe stars

Determiner

[edit]

  1. that
    Sele mē þone hamor.
    Give me that hammer.

Pronoun

[edit]

  1. that
    Hē fōr hām, and æfter þām ne ġeseah iċ hine nǣfre mā.
    He went home, and after that I never saw him again.
  2. the one / that one
    Hēo nis sēo þe þū oferreċċan þearft.
    She's not the one you need to convince.
    Rǣtst þū nū þās bōc oþþe þā?
    Are you reading this book right now or that one?
    Hwæðer is þīn, þē þæt swearte hors þē þæt hwīte?
    Which one is yours, the black horse or the white one?
  3. (relative) that, who, what, which
    • late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
      Đa was on þā tīd Æðelbyrht cyning hāten on Centrīċe, ⁊ mihtiġ: hē hæfde rīċe ōð ġemæro Humbre strēames, tōsċēadeð sūðfolce Angelþēode ⁊ nordfolc.
      At that time the powerful Athelbert was king of the kingdom of Kent; his authority extended to the boundary of the Humber, which divides the southern English from the northern English.
    Ne biþ eall þæt glitnaþ nā gold.
    Not everything that glitters is gold.

Usage notes

[edit]
  • The word "the" was used somewhat more sparingly in Old English than in the modern language. One reason is, English had only recently developed a word for "the" ( previously only meant "that"), leaving many nouns and phrases which had a definite meaning but which people continued to use without a definite article out of custom. Examples of words which usually went without the word "the" include:
    • Names of peoples, such as Engle (the Angles), Seaxan (the Saxons), and Crēcas (the Greeks). Ġelīefst þū þæt Dene magon bēon oferswīðde? (“Do you believe the Danes can be defeated?”).
    • All river names. On Temese flēat ān sċip (“A boat was floating on the Thames”).
    • A few nouns denoting types of locations, namely (the sea), wudu (the woods), and eorþe (the ground). Þū fēolle on eorðan and slōge þīn hēafod (“You fell on the ground and hit your head”). Note that eorþe was often used with a definite article when it meant "the Earth."
    • "the world," whether expressed with weorold or middanġeard. Iċ eom æt hām on ealre weorolde, þǣr þǣr sind wolcnu and fuglas and mennisċe tēaras (“I feel at home in the whole world, where there are clouds and birds and human tears”).
    • A couple of abstract concepts, namely sōþ (the truth) and ǣ (the law). Iċ seċġe ēow sōþ, þæt iċ swerie (“I'm telling you the truth, I swear”).
    • Dryhten (“the Lord”).
    • morgen (the morning) and ǣfen (the evening). Iċ ārās on lætne morgen and ēode niðer (“I got up late in the morning and went downstairs”).
    • The four seasons, lencten (spring), sumor (summer), hærfest (fall), and winter (winter). On sumore hit biþ wearm and on wintra ċeald (“In the summer it's warm and in the winter it's cold”).
    • forþġewitennes (the past), andweardnes (the present), and tōweardnes (the future). Þā þe forðġewitennesse ġemunan ne magon, hīe bēoþ ġeniðrode hīe tō ġeedlǣċenne (“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it”).
    • forma sīþ (“the first time”), ōþer sīþ (“the second time”), etc. Hwæt þōhtest þū þā þū mē forman sīðe ġemēttest? (“What did you think when you met me for the first time?”).
    • þīestra (“the dark”). Iċ āwēox, ac iċ nǣfre ne ġeswāc mē þīestra tō ondrǣdenne (“I grew up, but I never stopped being scared of the dark”).
    • Genitive phrases could include the word "the" before the head noun, but most often did not. Instead, genitive phrases were commonly formed like possessive phrases in modern English, with the genitive noun preceding the head noun ("John's car," not "the car of John"). Thus “the fall of Rome” was Rōme hryre, literally “Rome's fall,” and “the god of fire” was fȳres god, literally “fire's god.”

Declension

[edit]

Quotations

[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.

Descendants

[edit]

Old French

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Latin .

Alternative forms

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

se m or f (invariable)

  1. himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  2. herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  3. itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  4. oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  5. themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)
Descendants
[edit]
  • French: se

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Latin si.

Conjunction

[edit]

se

  1. if
  2. then (afterwards; following)
Descendants
[edit]
  • French: si

Old Frisian

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

se

  1. she
  2. they

Old Irish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Determiner

[edit]

se

  1. Alternative form of so used after palatalized consonants and front vowels

Old Polish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Preposition

[edit]

se

  1. Alternative form of z

Old Saxon

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Article

[edit]

 m (demonstrative)

  1. definite article: the
    mānothe moon
  2. demonstrative adjective: that, those
    Hē gaf thē gift.He gave that gift.

Declension

[edit]

Old Swedish

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

se

  1. first-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
  2. second-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
  3. third-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
  4. third-person plural singular present active subjunctive of vara

Ometepec Nahuatl

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

se

  1. one.

Pennsylvania German

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Compare German sie.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

se

  1. she, her

Declension

[edit]

Phalura

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Determiner

[edit]

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

  1. the
  2. that (agr: rem fem / rem non-nom masc)

References

[edit]
  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 2

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Determiner

[edit]

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

  1. the
  2. those (agr: rem)

References

[edit]
  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[9], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 3

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

  1. it
  2. she (rem fem nom)

References

[edit]
  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[10], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 4

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

  1. they (rem nom)

References

[edit]
  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[11], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Pilagá

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

se

  1. I
    se-takeI want

References

[edit]
  • 2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages

Pipil

[edit]
Pipil cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal :
    Ordinal : achtu
    Adverbial : seujti
    Distributive : sejsē ika

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (one). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (one), Shoshone seme' (one), Cahuilla súplli (one), and O'odham hema (one).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Numeral

[edit]

  1. one
    Nikneki semaya se
    I want only one

Article

[edit]

  1. a, indefinite article
    Tikitat se tekulut tik ne kwajkwawit
    We saw an owl in the trees

Pronoun

[edit]

  1. someone, something, indefinite pronoun
    Walajsik se ina ka metzishmati
    Someone came who said she/he knows you
    Se anmejemet nemi pal yawi pal kikua ne takwal
    One of you has to go to buy the food
    Ne nunan nechmakak se anmupal
    My mom gave me something for you all

Polish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Contraction of sobie.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

se

  1. (colloquial, sometimes proscribed) (dative, weak form) oneself, myself, yourself, itself, etc.
    Synonym: sobie
    Daj se z tym spokój.
    Give it a break.

Further reading

[edit]
  • se in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
 

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese sse, se, from Latin .

Pronoun

[edit]

se m or f by sense

  1. third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themselves
    Ela se viu no espelho.
    She saw herself in the mirror.
  2. (nonstandard, colloquial, Brazil, highly proscribed) first-person singular reflexive pronoun; myself
    Synonym: (standard) me
    Eu se apresentei no teatro.
    I performed myself at the theater.
  3. third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
    Quando eles se conheceram?
    When did they meet (each other)?
  4. (colloquial, nonstandard, Brazil, Alentejo) first-person plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
    Synonym: (standard) nos
    Nós se beijámos.
    We kissed (each other).
  5. second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves
    E você se diz um professor!
    And you call yourself a teacher!
  6. impersonal pronominal verb; oneself
    Vive-se bem em Belém.
    One lives well in Belém.
    (literally, “Lives oneself well in Belém”)
  7. accessory, when it is used to embellish the verb without its omission impairing the understanding.
    "Vão-se os reis, mas as nações ficam."
    Kings go, but nations remain.
  8. particle of spontaneity, when it indicates that there was spontaneity in the action by its agent.
    Ele morreu-se.
    He died.
Usage notes
[edit]
  • When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
  • (reflexive and reciprocal): Many verb senses take a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.
    comunicar-se (com)to communicate (with)
    arrepender-seto repent
  • Many ergative English verbs are translated by a bare verb for transitive usage and a pronominal one for intransitive:
    O professor acalmou os alunos.
    The teacher calmed the students down.
    O professor acalmou-se.
    The teacher calmed down.
Quotations
[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.

See also
[edit]

See Template:Portuguese personal pronouns for further pronouns.

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese se, from Latin (if).

Alternative forms

[edit]

Conjunction

[edit]

se

  1. if (introduces a condition)
    Synonym: caso
    Antonyms: caso contrário, senão
    Se for sair, leve um guarda-chuva.
    If you go out, take an umbrella.
    Só começaremos se nos pagarem.
    We will only begin if they pay us.
    • 2009, Maria Gadú, Altar particular:
      Se enfim, você um dia resolver mudar, tirar meu pobre coração do altar, me devolver como se deve ser.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:
      Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
      I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.

Etymology 3

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Pronoun

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se

  1. (Brazil, Internet slang) Misspelling of ; "you"
    Synonym: c
    se sabe oq aconteceu??
    do u know what happened?

Romagnol

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Alternative forms

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  • s' (Apocopic)

Conjunction

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se

  1. if

Romanian

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Etymology

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From Latin .

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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se

  1. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
[edit]

Romansch

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Alternative forms

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  • (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) si
  • (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sen
  • (Puter, Vallader)

Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

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se

  1. (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) up, upward, upwards

Rwanda-Rundi

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *cé.

Noun

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 class 1a (plural bāsé class 2a)

  1. his/her father
  2. his/her paternal uncle

Samoan

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Article

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se

  1. a (singular indefinite article)

See also

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Serbo-Croatian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

Pronoun

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se (Cyrillic spelling се)

  1. oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
    1. myself
    2. ourselves
    3. thyself (archaic)
    4. yourself, yourselves
    5. himself, herself, itself
    6. themselves
  2. (by extension, impersonal) Used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person where the impersonal subject does the verb unto itself
    Kako se zoveš?What's your name? (literally, “What do you call yourself?”)
    Kako se to kaže na španjolskom?How is that said in Spanish? / How do you say that in Spanish? (literally, “How does it say itself in Spanish?”)
    Ovdje se govori španjolskiSpanish is spoken here (literally, “Spanish speaks itself here.”)
    Svjetska prvenstva se igraju ljeti.World Cups are played during the summer. (literally, “World Cups play themselves during the summer.”)
Declension
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Etymology 2

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From Proto-Slavic *sь.

Particle

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se (Cyrillic spelling се)

  1. (obsolete) this is; here is
    • 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
      се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
      Here lies Viganj Milošević

Sicilian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin sīc. In the “yes” sense, from sīc (est). Doublet of .

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsɛ/ (stressed)
  • IPA(key): /si/ (unstressed)
  • Hyphenation:

Adverb

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se

  1. yes
    Antonyms: no, noni, nonzi, ntz

Derived terms

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[edit]

Slovene

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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se

  1. oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
  2. ourselves, yourselves, themselves
  3. Dummy pronoun to make a verb intransitive, reflexive, or for reflexive voice.

Inflection

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Second masculine/first feminine/second neuter declension (a-stem), fixed accent, highly irregular
Stressed ("naglasne") forms
nominative
imenovȃlnik
genitive
rodȋlnik
sébe sébe sébe
dative
dajȃlnik
sébi sébi sébi
accusative
tožȋlnik
sébe sébe sébe
locative
mẹ̑stnik
sébi sébi sébi
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
sȃbo, sebọ́j sȃbo, sebọ́j sȃbo, sebọ́j
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
Unstressed ("naslonske") forms
singular dual plural
genitive
rodȋlnik
se se se
dative
dajȃlnik
si si si
accusative
tožȋlnik
se se se
Binding ("navezne / predložne") accusative forms
singular dual plural
unstressed -se -se -se
stressed sẹ̑ sẹ̑ sẹ̑

See also

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Further reading

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  • se”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • se”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Latin .

Pronoun

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se m or f by sense (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes)

  1. third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
    Juan se lava.Juan washes himself.
    Juan se lava la cara.Juan washes his own face. (literally, “Juan, to himself, washes the face.”)
    Juan y María se aman.Juan and María love each other.
  2. used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person and with usted and ustedes
    ¿Cómo se llama?What is your name? (literally, “How do you call yourself?”)
    Se dice que...It is said that... (literally, “It says itself that...”)
    Aquí se habla españolSpanish is spoken here / They speak Spanish here. (literally, “One speaks Spanish here, Spanish speaks itself here.”)
Usage notes
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  • (third person reflexive, also used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.

Etymology 2

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From Old Spanish ge (from Latin illī, compare Portuguese lhe, Italian gli), whose pronunciation shifted from /ʒe/ to /ʃe/ in Early Modern Spanish, at which point it was reanalyzed as /se/ (rather than shifting to /xe/ as expected).

Alternative forms

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Pronoun

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se m or f by sense (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes)

  1. used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las
    El samaritano se las dio.The Samaritan gave them to him.

See also

[edit]

See Appendix:Spanish pronouns for an overview of Spanish pronouns and Template:es-personal pronouns for a pronoun table.

Etymology 3

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Verb

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se (main verb saber)

  1. Misspelling of .

Further reading

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Sranan Tongo

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Dutch zee.

Noun

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se

  1. sea

Swedish

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Etymology

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From Old Swedish sēa, , sīa, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną. Final -g of the past tense form added under influence of the Old Swedish plural form sāgho.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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se (present ser, preterite såg, supine sett, imperative se)

  1. to see (not be blind)
    Han sa att han var blind, men han kan se
    He said he was blind, but he can see
  2. to look
    Synonyms: titta, kolla, stirra, glo
    Han såg på igelkotten
    He looked at the hedgehog
    • 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie[12]:
      Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
      Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandoned one!
    • 1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult[13]:
      Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
      What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.
  3. to see; to understand
    Synonyms: förstå, fatta, begripa
    Jag ser inte hur det skulle kunna vara möjligt.I don't see how that could be possible.
  4. to see, to visualize; to form a mental picture of

Usage notes

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"Jag ser" for "I see" as in "I understand" does not work in (sense 3). See the synonyms instead.

Conjugation

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Hypernyms

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Derived terms

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See also

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References

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Anagrams

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Tagalog

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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See ce.

Noun

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se (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ) (historical)

  1. Alternative form of ce

Etymology 2

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See che.

Noun

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se (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ) (historical)

  1. Alternative form of che

Anagrams

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Talysh

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Etymology

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Cognate with Persian سه (seh).

Numeral

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se

  1. three

Tarantino

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Pronoun

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se (impersonal, reflexive)

  1. it
  2. one

Ternate

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Preposition

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se (Jawi سي)

  1. human oblique preposition
    1. to
    2. at, in
    3. on
    4. from
Usage notes
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Se is only used when the referent is human. For non-human referents, toma is used instead.

Alternative forms
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Preposition

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se (Jawi سي)

  1. associative preposition: with
    ngori totagi butu se ngori rinongoruI go to the market with my younger sibling
  2. instrumental preposition: with, by, using
    tabu se usiperafire the gun (literally, “to shoot with the gun”)
Usage notes
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Generally, when se takes a human referent, it is associative, and when se takes a non-human referent, it is instrumental, although exceptions do exist.

Alternative forms
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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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se (Jawi سي)

  1. and
    tohida riyaya se ribabaI see my mother and my father
  2. forms compound numbers
    bobato nyagimoi se tofkangethe (council of) eighteen bobatos (literally, “the ten and eight bobatos”)

References

[edit]
  • Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tocharian A

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús).

Noun

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se m

  1. son

See also

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Tocharian B

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Pronoun

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se

  1. Alternative form of kᵤse (who, which) (colloquial)

Turkish

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Etymology 1

[edit]

Noun

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se

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

Etymology 2

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Noun

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se

  1. Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ث

Tuvaluan

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Article

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se (indefinite article)

  1. a, an

Veps

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Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.

Pronoun

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se

  1. it

Inflection

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See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.

Determiner

[edit]

se

  1. that (far)

Inflection

[edit]

See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “та, то, тот”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎[14], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Vietnamese

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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se

  1. to be almost dry
  2. to be wrung with pain

References

[edit]
  • se”, in Soha Tra Từ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Vietnam Communications Corporation. Available under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike license.

Volapük

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Preposition

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se

  1. out of

Votic

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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se

  1. Alternative form of see

Welsh

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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se (not mutable)

  1. Contraction of basai.

West Frisian

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Pronoun

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se

  1. Alternative form of sy (she)

Pronoun

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se

  1. Alternative form of sy (they)

Wutunhua

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Pronunciation

[edit]
Wutunhua numbers (edit)
40
 ←  3 4 5  → 
    Cardinal: se
    Ordinal: di-se, xxewa

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Mandarin ().

Numeral

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se

  1. four

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Mandarin ().

Verb

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se

  1. to die
    rolang sho-de je da nga-n-de mula ren se-gu-la diando rolang qhe-lai-li sho-de gu-li.
    As for this thing called ro-langs [type of Tibetan zombie], it is said that if a person among us dies, there will appear a ro-langs instead.
    (Quoted in Janhunen et al., p. 114)

References

[edit]
  • Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
  • Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun[15], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN

Yoruba

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Etymology 1

[edit]

Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *sì, compare with Igala , Igbo si

Alternative forms

[edit]
  • (Ìkálẹ̀)

Pronunciation

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Verb

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  1. (transitive) to cook
    Ó se ọbẹ̀ ilá.He cooked okra soup.
  2. (transitive) to boil
    Mi ò mọ ẹyin ín .I don't know how to boil eggs.
Usage notes
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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  1. (transitive) to block; to shut
    Wọ́n fèrèsé náà.They blocked that window.
  2. (transitive) to miss
    Òkúta tí ó jù ihò.The rock she threw missed the hole.
Derived terms
[edit]

Zazaki

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Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Turkish -se (if).

Conjunction

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se

  1. if
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

[edit]

From Proto-Iranian *číš (what), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís (who, what, which, that).

Adverb

[edit]

se

  1. what
  2. how

Etymology 3

[edit]

Numeral

[edit]

se

  1. Alternative form of sed