se
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Page categories
Translingual
[edit]Symbol
[edit]se
See also
[edit]English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]se (plural ses)
Translations
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Abinomn
[edit]Noun
[edit]se
Afrikaans
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Dutch zijn, z'n (“his, its”). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s as well as, perhaps, the adjective suffix -s, -sch.
Pronunciation
[edit]Particle
[edit]se
- follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
- Hierdie is my ouma se huis. — This is my grandmother’s house.
See also
[edit]Albanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kʷe-, *kʷ(e)i- (“how, what”). Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.
Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]se
- that, as, when
- Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj. — It seems to me that you need some new friends.
- Vëllai im më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri. — My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.
Related terms
[edit]Bavarian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- 's (unstressed form)
Etymology
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
Synonyms
[edit]See also
[edit]nominative | accusative | dative | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
1st person singular | i | — | mi | — | mia (mir) | ma | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | — | di | — | dia (dir) | da | |
2nd person singular (formal) |
Sie | — | Eahna | — | Eahna | — | |
3rd person singular | m | er | a | eahm | 'n | eahm | 'n |
n | es, des | 's | des | 's | |||
f | se, de | 's | se | 's | ihr | — | |
1st person plural | mia (mir) | ma | uns | — | uns | — | |
2nd person plural | eß, ihr | — | enk, eich | — | enk, eich | — | |
3rd person plural | se | 's | eahna | — | eahna | — |
Bonan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Mongolic *usun.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]se
References
[edit]- Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu), Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan, SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS (Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA), November 1994
- Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os
Breton
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')
- himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
- oneself (direct or indirect object)
- themselves (direct or indirect object)
- each other (direct or indirect object)
Usage notes
[edit]- -se is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩, or between some adverbs/pronouns and a verb. In some varieties of Catalan (Balearic/Valencian) it can also occur in sentence-initial position.
- The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.
Declension
[edit]Central Huasteca Nahuatl
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]se
- one (number).
Central Nahuatl
[edit]Numeral
[edit]se
- one.
Cimbrian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German si(e) (“they”), merged from Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl, from Proto-Germanic *īz m, *ijôz f, *ijō n, the nominative plural forms of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.
Pronoun
[edit]se
Inflection
[edit]Personal pronouns | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person | i | biar |
2nd person | du | iar |
3rd person | er, si, 'z | se |
References
[edit]- “se” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Coatepec Nahuatl
[edit]Numeral
[edit]se
- one.
Czech
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Czech sě, from Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.
Pronoun
[edit]se (reflexive)
- clitic accusative of sebe:
- oneself
- myself
- yourself
- himself
- herself
- itself
- ourselves
- yourselves
- themselves
- Synonym: (stressed) sebe
Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Preposition
[edit]se (also s)
Further reading
[edit]- “se”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “se”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “se”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
Dalmatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Danish se, from Old Norse (East) *sēa, (Old Norse (West) sjá), from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, cognate with English see, German sehen, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, perfect tense har set)
- to see
- (reciprocal passive) to see each other
Conjugation
[edit]reciprocal
Dimasa
[edit]Numeral
[edit]sé
Esperanto
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Italian se, influenced by French si and Latin sī.
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Conjunction
[edit]se
Ewe
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]se (plural sewo)
Fala
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese se, sse, from Latin sē.
Pronoun
[edit]se
- Used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent; one
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:
- Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.
- We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned [by someone].
- Reflexive and reciprocal pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá:
- Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.
- They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.
Usage notes
[edit]- Takes the form -si when suffixed to an impersonal verb form.
See also
[edit]nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM |
nos | ||
masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM |
vos | ||
masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
reflexive | — | se, -si | sí |
References
[edit]- Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN
Faroese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]se n (genitive singular ses, plural se)
- The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.
Declension
[edit]Declension of se | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n4 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | se | seið | se | seini |
accusative | se | seið | se | seini |
dative | se, sei | senum | seum | seunum |
genitive | ses | sesins | sea | seanna |
Fijian
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]se
Noun
[edit]se
Finnish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. For plural forms, see etymology of ne.
The variation in inflectional stems (se-, si-, sii-,) dates back to at least Late Proto-Finnic. The oblique stem si-, seen in most inflected forms, is also found in other Finnic languages, such as the following cognates of the partitive singular sitä: Karelian sitä, Livvi sittäh, Veps sidä, Votic sitä. This is possibly a remnant of the original expected form **si (due to final e > i) which was reversed in some forms, possibly as influence from the plural ne.
The stem sii-, seen in internal locative case forms may have been generalized from the plural forms as a means to distinguish from partitive/essive sitä, sinä; expected internal locative cases **sissä, **sistä may have been avoided as a dissimilation. Compare Veps siš (inessive singular of se).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
- (demonstrative) that (when the speaker does not point at the thing, either physically or mentally; compare tuo, see usage notes)
- Älä koske siihen!
- Don't touch that! (something located close to the speaker)
- Sitäkö sinä sillä tarkoitit?
- That's what you meant by that?
- (demonstrative) it
- Onko se hän, joka on ovella?
- Is it her who's at the door?
- Ota kortti ja pane se pöydälle kuvapuoli alaspäin.
- Take a card and put it on the table face down.
- Kukas se sieltä tulee?
- Who's it coming over there?
- the one (who, what, which) (always with a relative clause)
- Se, jolla on eniten pisteitä, on voittaja.
- The one who has the most points is the winner.
- Joka kuritta kasvaa, se kunniatta kuolee.
- [The one] who grows up without discipline dies without honor.
- (colloquial or dialectal) he, she, one, (singular) they (the pronoun does not determine the sex/gender of the person)
- Se vaan lähti.
- He just left.
Determiner
[edit]se
- that (not pointed at by the speaker; compare tuo, see usage notes)
- Sen auton pakoputki on rikki.
- That car has a broken exhaust.
- Onko sinulla vielä sitä jäätelöä?
- Do you still have some of that ice cream?
- (colloquial) the (as a definite article; see the usage notes below)
Usage notes
[edit]- Both tuo and se can be translated as "that"; see tuo for more information on the difference between the two.
- In colloquial and dialectal Finnish, se is the usual and neutral personal pronoun in the third person singular, and its standard Finnish counterpart hän is restricted to certain particular uses. Using se of a person carries no negative connotation.
- Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite, this colloquial usage is ungrammatical. (Compare the usage of yksi.)
- (standard)
- Mies tuli luokseni. ― The man came to me.
- Luokseni tuli mies. ― A man came to me.
- (colloquial)
- Se mies tuli mun luokse. ― The man came to me.
- Yks mies tuli mun luokse. ― A man came to me.
- (standard)
Inflection
[edit]Irregular (singular stems: se-, si-, sii-, plural stems: ne-, nii-).
Declension of se
|
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Kven: se
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Tämä, tuo vai se?. Kielikello (4/2001). An article analyzing the usage and differences between the Finnish demonstrative pronouns tämä, tuo and se. (in Finnish)
- “se”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Etymology 2
[edit]Akin to tseh.
Pronunciation
[edit]Interjection
[edit]se (dialectal)
- here you go; an encouragement to take something, usually something that is being handed over.
- an encouragement to an animal to eat (food)
Usage notes
[edit]Despite being an interjection, some verb-like forms can also be found (sehkää).
Alternative forms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Franco-Provençal
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]se (prevocalic s') (ORB, broad)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- si [1] in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
- se in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin sē. See also soi.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se m or f (pre-vocalic s’)
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
- (to) himself
- (to) herself
- (to) oneself
- (to) itself
- (to) themselves
- (to) each other
- (Louisiana) The second-person plural reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
- Je suis partie à la chasse et faut vous autres se comportes bien. ― I'm going hunting and y'all need to behave yourselves.
Usage notes
[edit]- Se becomes s’ before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
- Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:
- Il est normal de se parler. — It is normal to talk to oneself.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Locative (at) |
Genitive (of) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | |
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | ||
Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||||
Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | — | — | soi4 | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | |
Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | — | — | vous2 | ||
Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | y | en | eux3 | |
Feminine | elles | elles |
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
See also
[edit]- The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: me, m’, te, t’, nous, vous.
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: soi.
Further reading
[edit]- “se”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
[edit]Galician
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese se (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin sī.
Conjunction
[edit]se
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
- accusative/dative of si
- The third-person reflexive pronoun.
- (to) himself
- (to) herself
- (to) oneself
- (to) itself
- (to) themselves
- (to) each other
References
[edit]- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “se”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “se”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “se”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Garo
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
[edit]se
German Low German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Low German sê, variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
- she
- Se is Anke. — She is Anke (Annie).
Pronoun
[edit]se
- they
- Se kaamt ut Bremen. — They come from Bremen.
- 1861, G. Ungt, Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ollmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ollmanns Jans up de Reise, page 163:
- Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
- 5 gaben – gaben sich an – strengten sich an. 6 zu ihnen kamen.
See also
[edit]Gun
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Gbe *se (“to hear”). Cognates include Fon sè (“to understand, hear, feel”), Saxwe Gbe sè (“to hear”), Adja sè (“to understand, hear, feel, respond”), Ewe se (“to hear”)
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]sè
- to hear, to listen
- to understand
Derived terms
[edit]- sètónú (“to obey”)
Haitian Creole
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]se
Usage notes
[edit]- Use ye at the end of a clause.
- This word does not appear when the predicate is an adjective or prepositional phrase, except when the preposition in the prepositional phrase is pou (“for”) or tankou (“like”).
References
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]se (clitic)
- Alternative form of sem.
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- (not … either, not even): se in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
- ([folksy, informal] alternative form of sem): se, redirecting to sem in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
Ido
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]se
- if
- La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. — The clerk would begin to work if he could.
- Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. — If I could, I would buy another house.
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]se (plural se-i)
- The name of the Latin script letter S/s.
See also
[edit]- (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze (Category: io:Latin letter names)
Ingrian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *se. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈse/, [ˈs̠e̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈse/, [ˈʃe̞]
- Rhymes: -e
- Hyphenation: se
- Homophone: že
Pronoun
[edit]se
- this, that (not bound to a specific location)
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 63:
- Linnuille höö siihe kagraa siputtiit.
- They sprinkled oats onto it for the birds.
- 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:
- Inmihiset panniit merkille i sen, etti kaik predmetat päivääl, päivytpaiston aikanna, viskajaat kupahaiset.
- People noticed this as well, that all objects during the day, being a sunny time, cast shadows.
- (dialectal) that (distal)
- 2008, “Läkkäämmä omal viisii [We're speaking [our] own way]”, in Inkeri[4], volume 4, number 69, St. Petersburg, page 12:
- Tämä on Logoven kylä, a se ono Reppoilan kylä.
- This is the village Logovi, and that is the village Reppoila.
Determiner
[edit]se
- this, that (not bound to a specific location)
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 40:
- Peen tulo saatii siint pellost.
- A small income was received from this field.
- (dialectal) that (distal)
Usage notes
[edit]- Se and neet are anaphoric: That is to say they refer to something previously mentioned (or soon afterwards mentioned) in the conversation. In contrast, too and noo are deictic, and thus refer to physical entities.
- Although Junus (1936; p. 99) describes sen as the accusative and senen as the genitive, in practice, sen is often used as a short form of the genitive as well.
- In the Soikkola dialect, the functions of too (“that”) have merged into se.
Declension
[edit]Declension of se | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | se | neet |
genitive | senen | niijen |
accusative | sen | neet |
partitive | sitä | niitä |
illative | siihe | niihe |
inessive | siin | niis |
elative | siint, siitä | niist |
allative | sille | niille |
adessive | sil | niil |
ablative | silt | niilt |
translative | siks | niiks |
essive | senennä | niinnä |
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Ingrian demonstratives | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
proximal | neutral | distal | |||||
singular | tämä (tää) | se | too | ||||
plural | nämät (näät) | neet | noo |
References
[edit]- V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[5], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 99
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 514
- Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку[6], →ISBN, pages 13-14
Interlingua
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se (third person)
- Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
- Illa se videva in le speculo. ― She saw herself in the mirror.
- Reciprocal: each other, one another.
- Quando illes se cognosceva? ― When did they meet (each other)?
- Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").
- De mi casa se vide le mar. ― From my house the sea is seen. (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)
- Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".
- espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")
Usage notes
[edit]- (reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.
Istriot
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]se
- if
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
- Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere
- Beautiful one, if you saw the galleys
Italian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Latin sī (“if”)[1] or from Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī and quid ("what").[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]se
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
- Alternative form of si
Usage notes
[edit]See also
[edit]Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Combined | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]se
Conjunction
[edit]se
- (archaic) Alternative form of così: if (only); even if
- se Dio ti lasci, lettor, prender frutto / di tua lezione ― even if God leaves you, reader, take fruit of your lesson (Dante)
Usage notes
[edit]- Used to express a conditional with the implicit hope on the part of the speaker that something does or does not happen. Always followed by the subjunctive.
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- se in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Jamaican Creole
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]se
- to say, to tell
- 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 3:7:
- Bot wen im si uol iip a piipl fram di Farisii an Sadyusii gruup a kom fi im baptaiz dem, im se tu dem se, “Unu siniek pikni unu! A uu waan unu fi ron we fram di jojment we a kom?
- But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his baptism, he said to them, "You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the wrath to come?
Pronoun
[edit]se
- (relative) that (which, who; representing a subject, direct object, indirect object, or object of a preposition)
- 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 2:22:
- Bot wen im ier se a Erad pikni, Arkelos, tek uova an did a ruul Judiya, im kech im fried an neehn waahn go de-so. An kaa Gad did waan im aaf iina wan jriim, im lef go Gyalalii insted.
- But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there, and being warned in a dream he withdrew to the district of Galilee.
- (literally, “But when he heard that Herod's child Archelaus took over and was ruling Judea […])”)
Further reading
[edit]- se at majstro.com
Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]se
Kalasha
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Sanskrit स (sa), सा (sā), from Proto-Indo-European *só.
Pronoun
[edit]se
Coordinate terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Karelian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]se
- (South Karelian) Alternative form of še
Pronoun
[edit]se
- (South Karelian) Alternative form of še
References
[edit]- A. V. Punzhina (1994) “se”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
Kven
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Finnish se, from Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe.
Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]se
Pronoun
[edit]se
Declension
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]- (he, she): hän
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Eira Söderholm (2017) Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 278
Ladin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
- (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
- (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.
Lashi
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]se
- to know
- to be able to
References
[edit]- Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[7], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /seː/, [s̠eː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /se/, [sɛː]
Pronoun
[edit]sē (accusative and ablative, no nominative)
- (reflexive pronoun) the accusative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
- Vōcālis est littera quae per sē syllabam facere potest. ― A vowel is a letter that can form a syllable by itself.
- Quīntus quōmodo sē habet hodiē? ― How's Quintus doing today? (literally, “is holding himself”)
- In mare sē praecipitāvit. ― He drowned himself in the ocean.
- (reflexive pronoun) the ablative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun
Usage notes
[edit]- sēsē is very common as the emphatic form of the accusative pronoun, especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause.
Declension
[edit]Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | ēius | eī | eum | eō | ēius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Ligurian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī (“if”) + quid (“what”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]se
Livonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
Pronoun
[edit]se
Declension
[edit]Lower Sorbian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
- myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
- each other, one another
- used to form passives
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Starosta, Manfred (1999) “se”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Luxembourgish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
- unstressed form of si
Declension
[edit]See Template:lb-decl-personal pronouns for declension.
Malay
[edit]< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : se | ||
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa.
Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]se (Jawi spelling س)
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Maltese
[edit]Root |
---|
s-j-r (going) |
2 terms |
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Sometimes thought to have been inherited from Arabic سَ (sa), from سَوْفَ (sawfa). However, it is more likely that the similarity is entirely coincidental and that Maltese se(r) is merely a shortened form of sejjer.
Pronunciation
[edit]Particle
[edit]se
- Indicates a future tense.
Mandarin
[edit]Romanization
[edit]se
- Nonstandard spelling of sè.
Usage notes
[edit]- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Middle Dutch
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
- accusative of si (“they”)
Middle English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old English swē, swǣ, variants of swā (“so”). More at so.
Adverb
[edit]se
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]se
- Alternative form of see (“sea”)
Etymology 3
[edit]Noun
[edit]se
- Alternative form of see (“see”)
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
- Alternative form of sche
Middle French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French se, from Latin sē.
Pronoun
[edit]se
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.
- to himself
- to herself
- to oneself
- to itself
- to themselves
- to each other
- ils se donnerent bataille ― they gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)
Usage notes
[edit]- Whether to translate as himself, herself, oneself, itself, themselves or each other depends on the gender (male, female or none) and number (singular or plural).
- Usually becomes s' before a vowel. In older manuscripts, it becomes s- with no apostrophe.
Descendants
[edit]- French: se
Middle Low German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Stem vowel: ê⁴
Pronoun
[edit]sê
- (third person singular female nominative) she
- her (accusative of sê)
- (third person plural nominative) they
- them (accusative of sê)
Declension
[edit]See Template:gml-perpron for declension.
Descendants
[edit]Mpade
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Central Chadic *sa, from Proto-Chadic *sa. Cognate with Matal sa (“to drink”).
Verb
[edit]se
- to drink
References
[edit]- S. Allison, Makary Kotoko Provisional Lexicon (SIL)
- R.C. Gravina, The Phonology of Proto-Central Chadic
Neapolitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
- reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.
References
[edit]- AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 80: “si chiama” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
Nheengatu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Tupi xe. Cognate with Guaraní che.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Hyphenation: se
- Rhymes: -e
Pronoun
[edit]se
- (second-class) first-person singular personal pronoun (I, me, my)
- Se akanhemu aikú nhaãsé se kirá aikú.
- I am scared because I am fat.
- Aé uputari upitá se irũmu.
- He wants to stay with me.
- Se manha uwiké uka pisasú upé.
- My mother enters the new house.
Usage notes
[edit]- As a second-class pronoun, se is used as the subject of a sentence when its verb is a second-class one (those verbs are sometimes referred to as adjectives). The personal pronoun se is also used when governed by any postposition with the exception of arama and supé. Finally, se is used as a possessive pronoun as well.
See also
[edit]singular | first-class pronoun | second-class pronoun |
---|---|---|
first-person | ixé | se |
second-person | indé | ne |
third-person | aé | i |
plural | first-class pronoun | second-class pronoun |
first-person | yandé | yané |
second-person | penhẽ | pe |
third-person | aintá (or tá) | aintá (or tá) |
References
[edit]- AVILA, Marcel Twardowsky (2021) Proposta de dicionário nheengatu–português, page 688
- NAVARRO, Eduardo de Almeida (2016) Curso de língua geral (nheengatu ou tupi moderno): a língua das origens da civilização amazônica, 2nd edition, →ISBN, pages 11 and 108
North Frisian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- sä (Föhr-Amrum)
- siinj (Mooring)
Etymology
[edit]From Old Frisian siā, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]se
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive I | se | |
---|---|---|
infinitive II | (tö) sen | |
past participle | sen | |
imperative | se | |
present | past | |
1st singular | se | saag |
2nd singular | sjochst | saagst |
3rd singular | sjocht | saag |
plural / dual | se | saag |
perfect | pluperfect | |
1st singular | haa sen | her sen |
2nd singular | heest sen | herst sen |
3rd singular | heer sen | her sen |
plural / dual | haa sen | her sen |
future (skel) | future (wel) | |
1st singular | skel se | wel se |
2nd singular | sket se | wet se |
3rd singular | skel se | wel se |
plural / dual | skel se | wel se |
Northern Kurdish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]An early loan from Middle Persian [script needed] (sg /sag/), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. Akin to native sipe.
Noun
[edit]Central Kurdish | سەگ (seg) |
---|
se m
Synonyms
[edit]Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Danish se, from Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]se (imperative se, present tense ser, passive ses or sees, simple past så, past participle sett, present participle seende)
- to see (perceive with the eyes).
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “se” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Old English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *siz, replacing earlier *sā, from Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation
[edit]Article
[edit]sē
- the
- sē mōna ― the moon
- sēo sunne ― the sun
- þæt seofonstierre ― the Pleiades
- þā steorran ― the stars
Determiner
[edit]sē
- that
- Sele mē þone hamor.
- Give me that hammer.
Pronoun
[edit]sē
- that
- Hē fōr hām, and æfter þām ne ġeseah iċ hine nǣfre mā.
- He went home, and after that I never saw him again.
- the one / that one
- Hēo nis sēo þe þū oferreċċan þearft.
- She's not the one you need to convince.
- Rǣtst þū nū þās bōc oþþe þā?
- Are you reading this book right now or that one?
- Hwæðer is þīn, þē þæt swearte hors þē þæt hwīte?
- Which one is yours, the black horse or the white one?
- (relative) that, who, what, which
- late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
- Đa was on þā tīd Æðelbyrht cyning hāten on Centrīċe, ⁊ mihtiġ: hē hæfde rīċe ōð ġemæro Humbre strēames, sē tōsċēadeð sūðfolce Angelþēode ⁊ nordfolc.
- At that time the powerful Athelbert was king of the kingdom of Kent; his authority extended to the boundary of the Humber, which divides the southern English from the northern English.
- Ne biþ eall þæt glitnaþ nā gold.
- Not everything that glitters is gold.
- late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Usage notes
[edit]- The word "the" was used somewhat more sparingly in Old English than in the modern language. One reason is, English had only recently developed a word for "the" (sē previously only meant "that"), leaving many nouns and phrases which had a definite meaning but which people continued to use without a definite article out of custom. Examples of words which usually went without the word "the" include:
- Names of peoples, such as Engle (“the Angles”), Seaxan (“the Saxons”), and Crēcas (“the Greeks”). Ġelīefst þū þæt Dene magon bēon oferswīðde? (“Do you believe the Danes can be defeated?”).
- All river names. On Temese flēat ān sċip (“A boat was floating on the Thames”).
- A few nouns denoting types of locations, namely sǣ (“the sea”), wudu (“the woods”), and eorþe (“the ground”). Þū fēolle on eorðan and slōge þīn hēafod (“You fell on the ground and hit your head”). Note that eorþe was often used with a definite article when it meant "the Earth."
- "the world," whether expressed with weorold or middanġeard. Iċ eom æt hām on ealre weorolde, þǣr þǣr sind wolcnu and fuglas and mennisċe tēaras (“I feel at home in the whole world, where there are clouds and birds and human tears”).
- A couple of abstract concepts, namely sōþ (“the truth”) and ǣ (“the law”). Iċ seċġe ēow sōþ, þæt iċ swerie (“I'm telling you the truth, I swear”).
- Dryhten (“the Lord”).
- morgen (“the morning”) and ǣfen (“the evening”). Iċ ārās on lætne morgen and ēode niðer (“I got up late in the morning and went downstairs”).
- The four seasons, lencten (“spring”), sumor (“summer”), hærfest (“fall”), and winter (“winter”). On sumore hit biþ wearm and on wintra ċeald (“In the summer it's warm and in the winter it's cold”).
- forþġewitennes (“the past”), andweardnes (“the present”), and tōweardnes (“the future”). Þā þe forðġewitennesse ġemunan ne magon, hīe bēoþ ġeniðrode hīe tō ġeedlǣċenne (“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it”).
- forma sīþ (“the first time”), ōþer sīþ (“the second time”), etc. Hwæt þōhtest þū þā þū mē forman sīðe ġemēttest? (“What did you think when you met me for the first time?”).
- þīestra (“the dark”). Iċ āwēox, ac iċ nǣfre ne ġeswāc mē þīestra tō ondrǣdenne (“I grew up, but I never stopped being scared of the dark”).
- Genitive phrases could include the word "the" before the head noun, but most often did not. Instead, genitive phrases were commonly formed like possessive phrases in modern English, with the genitive noun preceding the head noun ("John's car," not "the car of John"). Thus “the fall of Rome” was Rōme hryre, literally “Rome's fall,” and “the god of fire” was fȳres god, literally “fire's god.”
Declension
[edit]Quotations
[edit]For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
Descendants
[edit]Old French
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se m or f (invariable)
- himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)
Descendants
[edit]- French: se
Etymology 2
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]se
Descendants
[edit]- French: si
Old Frisian
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
Old Irish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]se
- Alternative form of so used after palatalized consonants and front vowels
Old Polish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]se
- Alternative form of z
Old Saxon
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation
[edit]Article
[edit]sē m (demonstrative)
- definite article: the
- sē māno ― the moon
- demonstrative adjective: that, those
- Hē gaf thē gift. ― He gave that gift.
Declension
[edit]Old Swedish
[edit]Verb
[edit]se
- first-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
- second-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
- third-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
- third-person plural singular present active subjunctive of vara
Ometepec Nahuatl
[edit]Adjective
[edit]se
- one.
Pennsylvania German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person familiar |
2nd person polite/formal |
3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
m | f | n | |||||||
nominative | ich | du de1 |
dihr der1 Sie |
er | sie se1 |
es | mir mer1 |
dihr der1 |
sie |
dative | mir mer1 |
dir der1 |
eich Ihne Ne1 |
ihm em1 |
ihre re1 |
ihm em1 |
uns | eich | ihne ne1 |
accusative | mich | dich | eich Sie |
ihn en1 |
sie se1 |
es | sie |
1unstressed
Phalura
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- the
- that (agr: rem fem / rem non-nom masc)
References
[edit]- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- the
- those (agr: rem)
References
[edit]- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[9], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 3
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- it
- she (rem fem nom)
References
[edit]- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[10], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 4
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- they (rem nom)
References
[edit]- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[11], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Pilagá
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
- I
- se-take ― I want
References
[edit]- 2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages
Pipil
[edit]< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sē Ordinal : achtu Adverbial : seujti Distributive : sejsē ika | ||
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (“one”). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (“one”), Shoshone seme' (“one”), Cahuilla súplli (“one”), and O'odham hema (“one”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]sē
- one
- Nikneki semaya se
- I want only one
Article
[edit]sē
- a, indefinite article
- Tikitat se tekulut tik ne kwajkwawit
- We saw an owl in the trees
Pronoun
[edit]sē
- someone, something, indefinite pronoun
- Walajsik se ina ka metzishmati
- Someone came who said she/he knows you
- Se anmejemet nemi pal yawi pal kikua ne takwal
- One of you has to go to buy the food
- Ne nunan nechmakak se anmupal
- My mom gave me something for you all
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Contraction of sobie.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
- (colloquial, sometimes proscribed) (dative, weak form) oneself, myself, yourself, itself, etc.
- Synonym: sobie
- Daj se z tym spokój.
- Give it a break.
Further reading
[edit]- se in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
- Homophones: si (Brazil), cê (South Brazil)
- Hyphenation: se
Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese sse, se, from Latin sē.
Pronoun
[edit]se m or f by sense
- third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themselves
- Ela se viu no espelho.
- She saw herself in the mirror.
- (nonstandard, colloquial, Brazil, highly proscribed) first-person singular reflexive pronoun; myself
- Synonym: (standard) me
- Eu se apresentei no teatro.
- I performed myself at the theater.
- third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
- Quando eles se conheceram?
- When did they meet (each other)?
- (colloquial, nonstandard, Brazil, Alentejo) first-person plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
- Synonym: (standard) nos
- Nós se beijámos.
- We kissed (each other).
- second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves
- E você se diz um professor!
- And you call yourself a teacher!
- impersonal pronominal verb; oneself
- Vive-se bem em Belém.
- One lives well in Belém.
- (literally, “Lives oneself well in Belém”)
- accessory, when it is used to embellish the verb without its omission impairing the understanding.
- "Vão-se os reis, mas as nações ficam."
- Kings go, but nations remain.
- particle of spontaneity, when it indicates that there was spontaneity in the action by its agent.
- Ele morreu-se.
- He died.
Usage notes
[edit]- When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
- (reflexive and reciprocal): Many verb senses take a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.
- comunicar-se (com) ― to communicate (with)
- arrepender-se ― to repent
- Many ergative English verbs are translated by a bare verb for transitive usage and a pronominal one for intransitive:
- O professor acalmou os alunos.
- The teacher calmed the students down.
- O professor acalmou-se.
- The teacher calmed down.
Quotations
[edit]For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
See also
[edit]See Template:Portuguese personal pronouns for further pronouns.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).
Alternative forms
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]se
- if (introduces a condition)
- Synonym: caso
- Antonyms: caso contrário, senão
- Se for sair, leve um guarda-chuva.
- If you go out, take an umbrella.
- Só começaremos se nos pagarem.
- We will only begin if they pay us.
- 2009, Maria Gadú, Altar particular:
- Se enfim, você um dia resolver mudar, tirar meu pobre coração do altar, me devolver como se deve ser.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:
- Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
- I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!
Quotations
[edit]For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
- (Brazil, Internet slang) Misspelling of cê; "you"
- Synonym: c
- se sabe oq aconteceu??
- do u know what happened?
Romagnol
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- s' (Apocopic)
Conjunction
[edit]se
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
Related terms
[edit]Romansch
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adverb
[edit]se
Rwanda-Rundi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *cé.
Noun
[edit]sé class 1a (plural bāsé class 2a)
Samoan
[edit]Article
[edit]se
- a (singular indefinite article)
See also
[edit]Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.
Pronoun
[edit]se (Cyrillic spelling се)
- oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
- myself
- ourselves
- thyself (archaic)
- yourself, yourselves
- himself, herself, itself
- themselves
- (by extension, impersonal) Used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person where the impersonal subject does the verb unto itself
- Kako se zoveš? ― What's your name? (literally, “What do you call yourself?”)
- Kako se to kaže na španjolskom? ― How is that said in Spanish? / How do you say that in Spanish? (literally, “How does it say itself in Spanish?”)
- Ovdje se govori španjolski ― Spanish is spoken here (literally, “Spanish speaks itself here.”)
- Svjetska prvenstva se igraju ljeti. ― World Cups are played during the summer. (literally, “World Cups play themselves during the summer.”)
Declension
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *sь.
Particle
[edit]se (Cyrillic spelling се)
- (obsolete) this is; here is
- 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
- се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
- Here lies Viganj Milošević
Sicilian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin sīc. In the “yes” sense, from sīc (est). Doublet of sì.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]se
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Slovene
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
- oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
- ourselves, yourselves, themselves
- Dummy pronoun to make a verb intransitive, reflexive, or for reflexive voice.
Inflection
[edit]Second masculine/first feminine/second neuter declension (a-stem), fixed accent, highly irregular Stressed ("naglasne") forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative imenovȃlnik |
– | – | – |
genitive rodȋlnik |
sébe | sébe | sébe |
dative dajȃlnik |
sébi | sébi | sébi |
accusative tožȋlnik |
sébe | sébe | sébe |
locative mẹ̑stnik |
sébi | sébi | sébi |
instrumental orọ̑dnik |
sȃbo, sebọ́j | sȃbo, sebọ́j | sȃbo, sebọ́j |
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
– | – | – |
Unstressed ("naslonske") forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
genitive rodȋlnik |
se | se | se |
dative dajȃlnik |
si | si | si |
accusative tožȋlnik |
se | se | se |
Binding ("navezne / predložne") accusative forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
unstressed | -se | -se | -se |
stressed | sẹ̑ | sẹ̑ | sẹ̑ |
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “se”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- “se”, in Termania, Amebis
- See also the general references
Spanish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /se/ [se]
Audio (Colombia): (file) - Rhymes: -e
- Syllabification: se
- Homophones: sé, (Latin America) ce
Etymology 1
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se m or f by sense (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)
- third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
- Juan se lava. ― Juan washes himself.
- Juan se lava la cara. ― Juan washes his own face. (literally, “Juan, to himself, washes the face.”)
- Juan y María se aman. ― Juan and María love each other.
- used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person and with usted and ustedes
- ¿Cómo se llama? ― What is your name? (literally, “How do you call yourself?”)
- Se dice que... ― It is said that... (literally, “It says itself that...”)
- Aquí se habla español ― Spanish is spoken here / They speak Spanish here. (literally, “One speaks Spanish here, Spanish speaks itself here.”)
Usage notes
[edit]- (third person reflexive, also used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Spanish ge (from Latin illī, compare Portuguese lhe, Italian gli), whose pronunciation shifted from /ʒe/ to /ʃe/ in Early Modern Spanish, at which point it was reanalyzed as /se/ (rather than shifting to /xe/ as expected).
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se m or f by sense (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)
- used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las
- El samaritano se las dio. ― The Samaritan gave them to him.
See also
[edit]See Appendix:Spanish pronouns for an overview of Spanish pronouns and Template:es-personal pronouns for a pronoun table.
Etymology 3
[edit]Verb
[edit]se (main verb saber)
- Misspelling of sé.
Further reading
[edit]- “se”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28
Sranan Tongo
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]se
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Swedish sēa, sē, sīa, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną. Final -g of the past tense form added under influence of the Old Swedish plural form sāgho.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]se (present ser, preterite såg, supine sett, imperative se)
- to see (not be blind)
- Han sa att han var blind, men han kan se
- He said he was blind, but he can see
- to look
- 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie[12]:
- Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
- Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandoned one!
- 1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult[13]:
- Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
- What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.
- to see; to understand
- to see, to visualize; to form a mental picture of
Usage notes
[edit]"Jag ser" for "I see" as in "I understand" does not work in (sense 3). See the synonyms instead.
Conjugation
[edit]Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | se | ses | ||
Supine | sett | setts | ||
Imperative | se | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | sen | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | ser | såg | ses | sågs |
Ind. plural1 | se | sågo | ses | sågos |
Subjunctive2 | se | såge | ses | såges |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | seende | |||
Past participle | sedd | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Hypernyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- avse
- bortse
- frånse
- inse
- se an / se något an
- se efter
- se i syne
- se på
- se ut
- se till
- tillse
- återse
- överse
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- se in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- se in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- se in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams
[edit]Tagalog
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈse/ [ˈsɛ]
- Rhymes: -e
- Syllabification: se
Etymology 1
[edit]See ce.
Noun
[edit]se (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ) (historical)
- Alternative form of ce
Etymology 2
[edit]See che.
Noun
[edit]se (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ) (historical)
- Alternative form of che
Anagrams
[edit]Talysh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Persian سه (seh).
Numeral
[edit]se
Tarantino
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se (impersonal, reflexive)
Ternate
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]se (Jawi سي)
Usage notes
[edit]Se is only used when the referent is human. For non-human referents, toma is used instead.
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]se (Jawi سي)
- associative preposition: with
- ngori totagi butu se ngori rinongoru ― I go to the market with my younger sibling
- instrumental preposition: with, by, using
- tabu se usipera ― fire the gun (literally, “to shoot with the gun”)
Usage notes
[edit]Generally, when se takes a human referent, it is associative, and when se takes a non-human referent, it is instrumental, although exceptions do exist.
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]se (Jawi سي)
- and
- tohida riyaya se ribaba ― I see my mother and my father
- forms compound numbers
- bobato nyagimoi se tofkange ― the (council of) eighteen bobatos (literally, “the ten and eight bobatos”)
References
[edit]- Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Tocharian A
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús).
Noun
[edit]se m
See also
[edit]Tocharian B
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
- Alternative form of kᵤse (“who, which”) (colloquial)
Turkish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]se
- The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]se
- Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ث
Tuvaluan
[edit]Article
[edit]se (indefinite article)
Veps
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
Pronoun
[edit]se
Inflection
[edit]See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.
Determiner
[edit]se
- that (far)
Inflection
[edit]See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “та, то, тот”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary][14], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Vietnamese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]se
References
[edit]- “se”, in Soha Tra Từ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Vietnam Communications Corporation. Available under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike license.
Volapük
[edit]Preposition
[edit]se
Votic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
- Alternative form of see
Welsh
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]se (not mutable)
- Contraction of basai.
West Frisian
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]se
- Alternative form of sy (“she”)
Pronoun
[edit]se
- Alternative form of sy (“they”)
Wutunhua
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]40 | ||
← 3 | 4 | 5 → |
---|---|---|
Cardinal: se Ordinal: di-se, xxewa |
Etymology 1
[edit]Numeral
[edit]se
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]se
- to die
- rolang sho-de je da nga-n-de mula ren se-gu-la diando rolang qhe-lai-li sho-de gu-li.
- As for this thing called ro-langs [type of Tibetan zombie], it is said that if a person among us dies, there will appear a ro-langs instead.
References
[edit]- Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
- Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun[15], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN
Yoruba
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *sì, compare with Igala hì, Igbo si
Alternative forms
[edit]- hè (Ìkálẹ̀)
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]sè
- (transitive) to cook
- Ó se ọbẹ̀ ilá. ― He cooked okra soup.
- (transitive) to boil
- Mi ò mọ ẹyin ín sè. ― I don't know how to boil eggs.
Usage notes
[edit]- When to cook is intransitive use dáná.
- (to boil): When referring to leafy vegetables or meat use bọ̀, when referring to water use hó.
Derived terms
[edit]- oúnjẹ sísè (“cooking”)
- sísè (“cooked, cooking”)
- àsè (“banquet”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]sé
- (transitive) to block; to shut
- Wọ́n sé fèrèsé náà. ― They blocked that window.
- (transitive) to miss
- Òkúta tí ó jù sé ihò. ― The rock she threw missed the hole.
Derived terms
[edit]Zazaki
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]se
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Iranian *číš (“what”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís (“who, what, which, that”).
Adverb
[edit]se
Etymology 3
[edit]Numeral
[edit]se
- Alternative form of sed
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-1
- English terms borrowed from Mandarin
- English terms derived from Mandarin
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɛ
- Rhymes:English/ɛ/1 syllable
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Musical instruments
- English two-letter words
- Abinomn lemmas
- Abinomn nouns
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans terms with audio pronunciation
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans particles
- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian 1-syllable words
- Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian conjunctions
- Bavarian lemmas
- Bavarian pronouns
- Bavarian personal pronouns
- Bonan terms inherited from Proto-Mongolic
- Bonan terms derived from Proto-Mongolic
- Bonan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bonan lemmas
- Bonan nouns
- Breton lemmas
- Breton pronouns
- Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan 1-syllable words
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan pronouns
- Catalan personal pronouns
- Central Huasteca Nahuatl terms with IPA pronunciation
- Central Huasteca Nahuatl lemmas
- Central Huasteca Nahuatl numerals
- Central Huasteca Nahuatl cardinal numbers
- Central Nahuatl lemmas
- Central Nahuatl numerals
- Tlaxcala Central Nahuatl
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian lemmas
- Cimbrian pronouns
- Cimbrian personal pronouns
- Luserna Cimbrian
- Coatepec Nahuatl lemmas
- Coatepec Nahuatl numerals
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech terms with audio pronunciation
- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Old Czech
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Czech non-lemma forms
- Czech pronoun forms
- Czech lemmas
- Czech prepositions
- Dalmatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Dalmatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Dalmatian terms inherited from Latin
- Dalmatian terms derived from Latin
- Dalmatian lemmas
- Dalmatian pronouns
- Dalmatian reflexive pronouns
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Danish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sekʷ- (see)
- Danish terms inherited from Old Danish
- Danish terms derived from Old Danish
- Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Danish/eːˀ
- Rhymes:Danish/eːˀ/1 syllable
- Danish lemmas
- Danish verbs
- Danish class 5 strong verbs
- Dimasa lemmas
- Dimasa numerals
- Esperanto terms borrowed from Italian
- Esperanto terms derived from Italian
- Esperanto terms derived from French
- Esperanto terms derived from Latin
- Esperanto terms with audio pronunciation
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto conjunctions
- Esperanto BRO1
- Ewe terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ewe lemmas
- Ewe nouns
- Fala terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Fala terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Fala terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Fala terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Fala terms inherited from Latin
- Fala terms derived from Latin
- Fala lemmas
- Fala pronouns
- Fala terms with quotations
- Faroese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese nouns
- Faroese neuter nouns
- fo:Latin letter names
- Fijian lemmas
- Fijian conjunctions
- Fijian nouns
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish 1-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/e
- Rhymes:Finnish/e/1 syllable
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish pronouns
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish colloquialisms
- Finnish dialectal terms
- Finnish determiners
- Finnish interjections
- Finnish demonstrative pronouns
- Franco-Provençal terms derived from Latin
- Franco-Provençal lemmas
- Franco-Provençal conjunctions
- ORB, broad
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:French/ə
- Rhymes:French/ə/1 syllable
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
- French pronouns
- French personal pronouns
- Louisiana French
- French terms with usage examples
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician lemmas
- Galician conjunctions
- Galician non-lemma forms
- Galician pronoun forms
- Garo lemmas
- Garo nouns
- German Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German
- German Low German terms derived from Middle Low German
- German Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- German Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- German Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German Low German lemmas
- German Low German pronouns
- German Low German terms with quotations
- Gun terms inherited from Proto-Gbe
- Gun terms derived from Proto-Gbe
- Gun terms with IPA pronunciation
- Gun lemmas
- Gun verbs
- Haitian Creole terms derived from French
- Haitian Creole terms with IPA pronunciation
- Haitian Creole lemmas
- Haitian Creole verbs
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ʃɛ
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ʃɛ/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian conjunctions
- Hungarian clitics
- Hungarian two-letter words
- Ido terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ido terms derived from Esperanto
- Ido lemmas
- Ido conjunctions
- Ido terms suffixed with -e (consonant)
- Ido nouns
- io:Latin letter names
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/e
- Rhymes:Ingrian/e/1 syllable
- Ingrian terms with homophones
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian pronouns
- Ingrian demonstrative pronouns
- Ingrian terms with quotations
- Ingrian dialectal terms
- Ingrian determiners
- Ingrian demonstrative determiners
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua pronouns
- Interlingua terms with usage examples
- Istriot terms inherited from Latin
- Istriot terms derived from Latin
- Istriot lemmas
- Istriot conjunctions
- Istriot terms with quotations
- Italian terms inherited from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian 1-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/e
- Rhymes:Italian/e/1 syllable
- Italian lemmas
- Italian conjunctions
- Italian terms with usage examples
- Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Italian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Italian pronouns
- Italian adverbs
- Italian archaic terms
- Jamaican Creole terms derived from English
- Jamaican Creole terms with IPA pronunciation
- Jamaican Creole lemmas
- Jamaican Creole verbs
- Jamaican Creole terms with quotations
- Jamaican Creole pronouns
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Kalasha terms derived from Sanskrit
- Kalasha terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Kalasha terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Kalasha lemmas
- Kalasha pronouns
- Karelian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Karelian lemmas
- Karelian determiners
- South Karelian
- Karelian pronouns
- Kven terms inherited from Finnish
- Kven terms derived from Finnish
- Kven terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Kven terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Kven terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Kven terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Kven terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kven lemmas
- Kven determiners
- Kven demonstrative determiners
- Kven pronouns
- Kven demonstrative pronouns
- Kven personal pronouns
- Ladin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ladin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ladin terms inherited from Latin
- Ladin terms derived from Latin
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin pronouns
- Ladin reflexive pronouns
- Lashi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lashi lemmas
- Lashi verbs
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin pronouns
- Latin reflexive pronouns
- Latin terms with usage examples
- Ligurian terms derived from Late Latin
- Ligurian terms derived from Latin
- Ligurian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ligurian lemmas
- Ligurian conjunctions
- Livonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Livonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Livonian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Livonian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Livonian lemmas
- Livonian pronouns
- Livonian pseudo-compounds
- Lower Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lower Sorbian lemmas
- Lower Sorbian pronouns
- Luxembourgish 1-syllable words
- Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Luxembourgish lemmas
- Luxembourgish pronouns
- Luxembourgish personal pronouns
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Chamic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/sə
- Rhymes:Malay/ə
- Malay lemmas
- Malay numerals
- Malay cardinal numbers
- Maltese terms belonging to the root s-j-r (going)
- Maltese 1-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese particles
- Hanyu Pinyin
- Mandarin non-lemma forms
- Mandarin nonstandard forms
- Middle Dutch non-lemma forms
- Middle Dutch pronoun forms
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English adverbs
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English pronouns
- Middle French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French terms inherited from Latin
- Middle French terms derived from Latin
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French pronouns
- Middle French reflexive pronouns
- Middle French terms with usage examples
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Low German lemmas
- Middle Low German pronouns
- Mpade terms inherited from Proto-Central Chadic
- Mpade terms derived from Proto-Central Chadic
- Mpade terms inherited from Proto-Chadic
- Mpade terms derived from Proto-Chadic
- Mpade lemmas
- Mpade verbs
- Neapolitan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Neapolitan terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Neapolitan terms inherited from Latin
- Neapolitan terms derived from Latin
- Neapolitan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Neapolitan/e
- Rhymes:Neapolitan/e/1 syllable
- Neapolitan lemmas
- Neapolitan pronouns
- Nheengatu terms derived from Old Tupi
- Nheengatu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Nheengatu/e
- Nheengatu lemmas
- Nheengatu pronouns
- Nheengatu terms with usage examples
- North Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian
- North Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian
- North Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- North Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- North Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- North Frisian lemmas
- North Frisian verbs
- Sylt North Frisian
- Northern Kurdish terms borrowed from Middle Persian
- Northern Kurdish terms derived from Middle Persian
- Northern Kurdish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Northern Kurdish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish nouns
- Northern Kurdish masculine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sekʷ- (see)
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Danish
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Danish
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/eː
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with homophones
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål verbs
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English articles
- Old English terms with usage examples
- Old English determiners
- Old English pronouns
- Old English terms with quotations
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French pronouns
- Old French conjunctions
- Old Frisian lemmas
- Old Frisian pronouns
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish determiners
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish prepositions
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Saxon lemmas
- Old Saxon articles
- Old Saxon terms with usage examples
- Old Swedish non-lemma forms
- Old Swedish verb forms
- Ometepec Nahuatl lemmas
- Ometepec Nahuatl adjectives
- Ometepec Nahuatl cardinal numbers
- Pennsylvania German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pennsylvania German lemmas
- Pennsylvania German pronouns
- Pennsylvania German personal pronouns
- Phalura terms with IPA pronunciation
- Phalura lemmas
- Phalura determiners
- Phalura pronouns
- Pilagá lemmas
- Pilagá pronouns
- Pilagá terms with usage examples
- Pipil terms inherited from Proto-Uto-Aztecan
- Pipil terms derived from Proto-Uto-Aztecan
- Pipil terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pipil lemmas
- Pipil numerals
- Pipil terms with usage examples
- Pipil articles
- Pipil pronouns
- Polish contractions
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛ
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛ/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish pronouns
- Polish colloquialisms
- Polish proscribed terms
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Portuguese 1-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese terms with homophones
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese pronouns
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- Portuguese nonstandard terms
- Portuguese colloquialisms
- Brazilian Portuguese
- Portuguese proscribed terms
- Alentejano Portuguese
- Portuguese conjunctions
- Portuguese terms with quotations
- Portuguese internet slang
- Portuguese misspellings
- Romagnol lemmas
- Romagnol conjunctions
- Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Romanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Romanian terms inherited from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Romanian/e
- Rhymes:Romanian/e/1 syllable
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian pronouns
- Romansch lemmas
- Romansch adverbs
- Sutsilvan Romansch
- Surmiran Romansch
- Rwanda-Rundi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Rwanda-Rundi terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Rwanda-Rundi lemmas
- Rwanda-Rundi nouns
- Rwanda-Rundi class 1a nouns
- rw:Family
- Samoan lemmas
- Samoan articles
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian pronouns
- Serbo-Croatian impersonal verbs
- Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples
- Serbo-Croatian particles
- Serbo-Croatian terms with obsolete senses
- Serbo-Croatian terms with quotations
- Sicilian terms inherited from Latin
- Sicilian terms derived from Latin
- Sicilian doublets
- Sicilian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sicilian lemmas
- Sicilian adverbs
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene pronouns
- Slovene masculine a-stem nouns
- Slovene masculine nouns with no infix
- Slovene feminine a-stem nouns
- Slovene feminine nouns with no infix
- Slovene neuter a-stem nouns
- Slovene neuter nouns with no infix
- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/e
- Rhymes:Spanish/e/1 syllable
- Spanish terms with homophones
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish pronouns
- Spanish terms with usage examples
- Spanish terms inherited from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms
- Spanish misspellings
- Sranan Tongo terms borrowed from Dutch
- Sranan Tongo terms derived from Dutch
- Sranan Tongo lemmas
- Sranan Tongo nouns
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Swedish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sekʷ- (see)
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish terms with audio pronunciation
- Swedish terms with homophones
- Rhymes:Swedish/eː
- Rhymes:Swedish/eː/1 syllable
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish verbs
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Swedish terms with quotations
- Swedish strong verbs
- Swedish class 5 strong verbs
- Tagalog 1-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/e
- Rhymes:Tagalog/e/1 syllable
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog nouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog historical terms
- Talysh lemmas
- Talysh numerals
- Tarantino lemmas
- Tarantino pronouns
- Ternate terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ternate lemmas
- Ternate prepositions
- Ternate terms with usage examples
- Ternate conjunctions
- Tocharian A terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Tocharian A terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Tocharian A lemmas
- Tocharian A nouns
- Tocharian A masculine nouns
- xto:Family
- Tocharian B lemmas
- Tocharian B pronouns
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish nouns
- tr:Latin letter names
- tr:Arabic letter names
- Tuvaluan lemmas
- Tuvaluan articles
- Veps terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Veps terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Veps terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Veps terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Veps lemmas
- Veps pronouns
- Veps personal pronouns
- Veps determiners
- Veps demonstrative determiners
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese verbs
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük prepositions
- Votic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Votic/e
- Rhymes:Votic/e/1 syllable
- Votic lemmas
- Votic pronouns
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh non-lemma forms
- Welsh verb forms
- Welsh non-mutable terms
- Welsh colloquial verb forms
- Welsh contractions
- West Frisian lemmas
- West Frisian pronouns
- West Frisian personal pronouns
- Wutunhua terms with IPA pronunciation
- Wutunhua terms derived from Mandarin
- Wutunhua lemmas
- Wutunhua numerals
- Wutunhua verbs
- Wutunhua terms with usage examples
- Yoruba terms inherited from Proto-Yoruboid
- Yoruba terms derived from Proto-Yoruboid
- Yoruba terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yoruba lemmas
- Yoruba verbs
- Yoruba transitive verbs
- Yoruba terms with usage examples
- Zazaki terms with IPA pronunciation
- Zazaki terms borrowed from Turkish
- Zazaki terms derived from Turkish
- Zazaki lemmas
- Zazaki conjunctions
- Zazaki terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Zazaki terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Zazaki terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Zazaki terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Zazaki adverbs
- Zazaki numerals