junior

See also: Junior, and júnior

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin junior, a contraction of iuvenior (“younger”) which is the comparative of iuvenis (“young”); see juvenile.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒuːniə/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒuniɚ/
• Rhymes: -uːniə(ɹ)
• Hyphenation: ju‧nior

Adjective

junior (not generally comparable, comparative more junior, superlative most junior)

1. (comparable) Low in rank; having a subordinate role, job, or situation.
2. (not comparable, often preceded by a possessive adjective or a possessive form of a noun) Younger.
   • 2003, Karen Frisch, Creating Junior Genealogists, →ISBN:

     Far less likely to intimidate your junior genealogist is the Internet, with its databases, message and bulletin boards, online collections, and more. Now is also the time to introduce your children to older relatives, who can be valuable resources and provide precious information.

   • 2010, Julie Cross, Humor in Contemporary Junior Literature, →ISBN, page 1:

     Humorous books for junior readers are often ignored by the critical community, due, in part, to what Milner Davis describes as a “conventional bias against comic genres” (1996: 101), and I consider this a serious oversight within the field of children's literature.

   • 2011, Julian Barnes, Knowing French (Storycuts), →ISBN:

     There she is: Lady Margaret Hall, eight years junior to me, exhibitioner where I was top scholar, and reading French. (Not veterinary science.)

   • 2012, Junior Golf in Pictures: The Junior Golfer's Handbook, →ISBN:

     A handbook for junior golfers covering a wide range of golfing instruction and information with over 250 photographs of juniors learning, playing, practicing and enjoying the game of golf.

   • 2013, Krishna Mohan Mishra, Me and Medicine, →ISBN, page 111:

     Instead of going to the unit I walked in the opposite direction towards the medicine lecture room with various thoughts going through my mind — most of them were positive as this was a great opportunity to practise what I had learnt so far and should have a good impact on students who were 3–4 years junior to me and not known to me.

3. (not comparable) Belonging to a younger person, or an earlier time of life.
   • 1642, Tho[mas] Browne, “(please specify the page)”, in Religio Medici. […], 4th edition, London: […] E. Cotes for Andrew Crook […], published 1656, →OCLC:

     Though our first Studies and junior Endeavours may stile us Peripateticks, Stoicks, or Academicks, yet I perceive the wisest Heads prove at last, almost all Scepticks […]

4. (not comparable, chiefly US) Of or pertaining to a third academic year in a four-year high school (eleventh grade) or university.

Alternative forms

• juniour (obsolete)

Derived terms

• junior bridesmaid
• junior college
• junior doctor
• junior high
• junior higher
• junior high school
• junior infant
• juniority
• junior jump
• junior miner
• junior minister
• junior miss
• junior right
• junior school
• junior soldier
• junior soph
• junior synonym
• junior varsity
• juvenile
• lieutenant junior grade
• major junior
• rejuvenate
• young
• youth

 

Translations

younger

• Armenian: կրտսեր (hy) (krtser)
• Belarusian: мало́дшы (malódšy)
• Bulgarian: младши (mladši), по-млад (po-mlad)
• Czech: mladší (cs)
• French: junior (fr), jeune (fr)
• Galician: máis novo m
• Georgian: უმცროსი (umcrosi)
• German: jünger (de)
• Hungarian: ifjabb (hu)
• Italian: giovane (it)
• Japanese: 年下の (ja) (とししたの, toshishita no)
• Kazakh: кіші (kışı)
• Korean: 더 젊은 (deo jeolmeun)
• Kyrgyz: кичи (kici), кичүү (kicüü)
• Latin: iūnior
• Maori: muringa
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Persian: کهتر (fa) (kehtar)
• Polish: młodszy (pl)
• Portuguese: mais novo/jovem
• Russian: мла́дший (ru) (mládšij)
• Slovak: mladší
• Slovene: mlajši (sl)
• Tagalog: kubtaunan (academic)
• Turkish: please add this translation if you can
• Ukrainian: моло́дший (molódšyj)

Noun

junior (plural juniors)

1. A younger person.

   four years his junior

   • 1922, Angela Brazil, Monitress Merle:

     Miss Mitchell would certainly be most relieved to have a monitress who was capable of organising the juniors at games.

   • 1939, P. G. Wodehouse, Uncle Fred in the Springtime:

     The last man I met who was at school with me, though some years my junior, had a long white beard and no teeth.

2. A name suffix used after a son's name when his father has the same name (abbreviations: Jnr., Jr., Jun.).
3. A clothing size for girls or women.

   Coordinate terms: junior miss, misses

4. (chiefly US, Philippines) A third-year student at a high school or university.
5. (law) A junior barrister.

Antonyms

• senior

Translations

someone younger than someone else

• Armenian: կրտսեր (hy) (krtser)
• Bulgarian: младши (mladši)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 晚輩／晚辈 (zh) (wǎnbèi), 後輩／后辈 (zh) (hòubèi)

• Dutch: jongerejaars m or f
• Finnish: nuorempi (fi)
• Galician: mozo (gl) m
• Georgian: უმცროსი (umcrosi)
• Japanese: 後輩 (ja) (こうはい, kōhai), 年下 (ja) (としした, toshishita)
• Korean: 후배(後輩) (ko) (hubae)
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Polish: junior (pl) m
• Russian: мла́дший (ru) m (mládšij)
• Swedish: den yngre c, junior (sv) c
• Turkish: please add this translation if you can

Further reading

• “junior”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Dutch

Etymology

From Latin junior.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

junior m (plural junioren or juniors, diminutive junioortje n)

1. junior (younger or lower-ranked person, for example in job titles)

Coordinate terms

• medior
• senior

 

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin juniorem; Doublet of geindre. Cf. also the inherited Old French oblique case gignor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒy.njɔʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

junior m or f by sense (plural juniors)

1. (sports) junior

Derived terms

• junior majeur

Adjective

junior (plural juniors)

1. junior (all senses)

See also

• juveigneur

Further reading

• “junior”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin iunior (“younger”), from Latin iuvenis (“young”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈjunijor]
• Hyphenation: ju‧ni‧or
• Rhymes: -or

Noun

junior

1. (sports) junior

   Synonym: ifjúsági

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	junior	juniorok
accusative	juniort	juniorokat
dative	juniornak	junioroknak
instrumental	juniorral	juniorokkal
causal-final	juniorért	juniorokért
translative	juniorrá	juniorokká
terminative	juniorig	juniorokig
essive-formal	juniorként	juniorokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	juniorban	juniorokban
superessive	junioron	juniorokon
adessive	juniornál	junioroknál
illative	juniorba	juniorokba
sublative	juniorra	juniorokra
allative	juniorhoz	juniorokhoz
elative	juniorból	juniorokból
delative	juniorról	juniorokról
ablative	juniortól	junioroktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	junioré	junioroké
non-attributive possessive - plural	junioréi	juniorokéi

Further reading

• junior in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Indonesian

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin junior, iūnior, from Proto-Italic *juwenjōs, from *juwenis + *-jōs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d͡ʒuˈniɔr]
• Hyphenation: ju‧ni‧or
• Rhymes: -ɔr

Adjective

junior

1. young

   Synonyms: anom, belia, mentah, muda, remaja, yuvenil, yuwana

2. junior.

Alternative forms

• yunior

Antonyms

• senior

Further reading

• “junior” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Latin

Adjective

jūnior (neuter jūnius); third declension

1. comparative degree of juvenis

Declension

Third-declension comparative adjective.

	singular			plural
	masc./fem.	neuter		masc./fem.	neuter
nominative	jūnior	jūnius		jūniōrēs	jūniōra
genitive	jūniōris			jūniōrum
dative	jūniōrī			jūniōribus
accusative	jūniōrem	jūnius		jūniōrēs jūniōrīs	jūniōra
ablative	jūniōre jūniōrī			jūniōribus
vocative	jūnior	jūnius		jūniōrēs	jūniōra

References

• “junior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin iūnior.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈju.ɲɔr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uɲɔr
• Syllabification: ju‧nior

Noun

junior m pers (female equivalent juniorka)

1. (humorous, literary) junior (youngest member of the family by age)

   Antonyms: nestor, senior

2. junior (athlete who is under the age recommended for a sport, usually nineteen years of age)

   Antonym: senior

   Hypernym: sportowiec

Noun

junior m pers

1. Jr. (title used after a son's name when his father has the same name)

   Antonym: senior

Declension

Declension of junior

	singular	plural
nominative	junior	juniorzy/juniory (deprecative)
genitive	juniora	juniorów
dative	juniorowi	juniorom
accusative	juniora	juniorów
instrumental	juniorem	juniorami
locative	juniorze	juniorach
vocative	juniorze	juniorzy

Derived terms

adjectives

• juniorski

 

nouns

• juniorek

 

Further reading

• junior in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• junior in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• junior in PWN's encyclopedia

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French junior or Latin junior.

Adjective

junior m or n (feminine singular junioră, masculine plural juniori, feminine and neuter plural juniore)

1. junior

Declension

Declension of junior

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	junior		junioră	juniori	juniore
	definite	juniorul		juniora	juniorii	juniorele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	junior		juniore	juniori	juniore
	definite	juniorului		juniorei	juniorilor	juniorelor

Noun

junior m (plural juniori)

1. junior

Declension

Declension of junior

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) junior	juniorul	(niște) juniori	juniorii
genitive/dative	(unui) junior	juniorului	(unor) juniori	juniorilor
vocative	juniorule		juniorilor