infero

Esperanto

Etymology

From Latin īnferus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [inˈfero]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ero
• Hyphenation: in‧fe‧ro

Noun

infero (accusative singular inferon, plural inferoj, accusative plural inferojn)

1. hell (place where damned souls are eternally punished)

   Antonym: ĉielo (“heaven”)

   • 1908, L. L. Zamenhof, La rabistoj: dramo en kvin aktoj, Paris: Hachette, translation of Die Räuber by Friedrich Schiller, page 10:

     Pli bone estas iri seninfana en la ĉielon, ol se ambaŭ, la patro kaj la filo, iras en la inferon.

     It's better to go childless into heaven, than if both, the father and the son, go into hell.

Italian

Etymology

From Latin īnferus (“low”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰér.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈin.fe.ro/
• Rhymes: -infero
• Hyphenation: ìn‧fe‧ro

Adjective

infero (feminine infera, masculine plural inferi, feminine plural infere)

1. (literary) low, deep

   Synonym: imo

2. (figurative, rare) underworldly, infernal, chthonian

   Synonyms: ctonio, infernale, ipogeo

3. (botany) inferior (of an ovary)

Related terms

• imo
• inferiore
• infimo

Anagrams

• Noferi, ferino

Latin

Etymology

From in- (“in, at, on; into”) +‎ ferō (“bear, carry; suffer”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈin.fe.roː/, [ˈĩːfɛroː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈin.fe.ro/, [ˈiɱfero]

Verb

īnferō (present infinitive īnferre, perfect active intulī, supine illātum); third conjugation, irregular

1. to carry, bring, put, place, or throw in, into, to, or upon somewhere or something; insert

   Synonyms: īnserō, īnsertō, intrōferō, immittō, intrōdūcō, invehō, implicō

   Antonyms: excipiō, ēiciō, extrahō

2. to bring forward, introduce, produce, cause, occasion, inspire
3. to set fire to; offer, sacrifice, render
4. to bury, bring to a place for burial, inter
5. (of a tribute or tax) to pay, furnish
6. (military) to advance, march, move forward

   Synonyms: prōgredior, prōdeō, prōcēdō, eō, pergō, prŏficīscor, obeō, occurrō, adeō, subeō, gradior, vādō

7. (military) to bear the standards against the enemy, attack, make an attack upon; wage war on

   Gigantes bellum dis intulerunt ― The giants waged war against the gods (Cicero)

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.2:

     Aeneae Latinoque bellum intulerat

     He waged war against the Aeneas and Latinus

8. (figuratively) to bring forward, introduce; produce, occasion, make; conclude; import
9. (figuratively, with dative) to cause, inflict, impose

   Synonyms: indō, pariō, offerō, ēdō, importō, addūcō, afferō, efficiō, iniciō

10. to conclude, infer, draw an inference

    Synonym: dēdūcō

Conjugation

Conjugation of īnferō (third conjugation, irregular, suppletive)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	īnferō	īnfers	īnfert	īnferimus	īnfertis	īnferunt
	imperfect	īnferēbam	īnferēbās	īnferēbat	īnferēbāmus	īnferēbātis	īnferēbant
	future	īnferam	īnferēs	īnferet	īnferēmus	īnferētis	īnferent
	perfect	intulī	intulistī	intulit	intulimus	intulistis	intulērunt, intulēre
	pluperfect	intuleram	intulerās	intulerat	intulerāmus	intulerātis	intulerant
	future perfect	intulerō	intuleris	intulerit	intulerimus	intuleritis	intulerint
passive	present	īnferor	īnferris, īnferre	īnfertur	īnferimur	īnferiminī	īnferuntur
	imperfect	īnferēbar	īnferēbāris, īnferēbāre	īnferēbātur	īnferēbāmur	īnferēbāminī	īnferēbantur
	future	īnferar	īnferēris, īnferēre	īnferētur	īnferēmur	īnferēminī	īnferentur
	perfect	illātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	illātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	illātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	īnferam	īnferās	īnferat	īnferāmus	īnferātis	īnferant
	imperfect	īnferrem	īnferrēs	īnferret	īnferrēmus	īnferrētis	īnferrent
	perfect	intulerim	intulerīs	intulerit	intulerīmus	intulerītis	intulerint
	pluperfect	intulissem	intulissēs	intulisset	intulissēmus	intulissētis	intulissent
passive	present	īnferar	īnferāris, īnferāre	īnferātur	īnferāmur	īnferāminī	īnferantur
	imperfect	īnferrer	īnferrēris, īnferrēre	īnferrētur	īnferrēmur	īnferrēminī	īnferrentur
	perfect	illātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	illātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	īnfer	—	—	īnferte	—
	future	—	īnfertō	īnfertō	—	īnfertōte	īnferuntō
passive	present	—	īnferre	—	—	īnferiminī	—
	future	—	īnfertor	īnfertor	—	—	īnferuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		īnferre	intulisse	illātūrum esse	īnferrī	illātum esse	illātum īrī
participles		īnferēns	—	illātūrus	—	illātus	īnferendus, īnferundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		īnferendī	īnferendō	īnferendum	īnferendō	illātum	illātū

Derived terms

• illātiō
• illātīvus
• illātus
• īnferibilis (New Latin)

Related terms

Related terms

• adferō / afferō
• auferō
• circumferō
• cōnferō
• dēferō
• differō
• efferō
• ferō
• interferō
• intrōferō
• offerō
• perferō
• postferō
• praeferō
• praeterferor
• prōferō
• referō
• sufferō
• trānsferō

Descendants

• → Catalan: inferir
• → English: infer
• → French: inférer
• → Italian: inferire
• → Portuguese: inferir
• → Spanish: inferir

References

• “infero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “infero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• infero in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to set fire to houses: ignem tectis inferre, subicere
    
  • to lay violent hands on a person: manus inicere, inferre, afferre alicui
    
  • to bring mishap, ruin on a person: calamitatem, pestem inferre alicui
    
  • to recklessly hazard one's life: in periculum capitis, in discrimen vitae se inferre
    
  • to do harm to, injure any one: damnum inferre, afferre alicui
    
  • to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour: infamiam alicui inferre, aspergere
    
  • to retard, delay a thing: moram alicui rei afferre, inferre, facere
    
  • to wrong a person: iniuriam inferre, facere alicui
    
  • to do violence to a person: vim inferre alicui
    
  • to turn the conversation on to a certain subject: sermonem inferre de aliqua re
    
  • to invade: bellum inferre alicui (Att. 9. 1. 3)
    
  • to be the aggressor in a war; to act on the offensive: bellum or arma ultro inferre
    
  • to set fire to the siege-works: ignem inferre operibus (B. C. 2. 14)
    
  • to march on the enemy: gradum inferre in hostem
    
  • to attack the enemy: signa inferre in hostem
    
  • to inflict a defeat on the enemy: cladem hostibus afferre, inferre