invidia

See also: Invidia

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /inˈvi.dja/
• Rhymes: -idja
• Hyphenation: in‧vì‧dia

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin invidia (“envy”). Doublet of the obsolete inveggia, itself probably taken from Old Occitan.

Noun

invidia f (plural invidie)

1. envy

Related terms

• invidiabile
• invidiare
• invidioso
• invido

Descendants

• → Friulian: invidie
• → Ligurian: invìdia
• → Neapolitan: 'mmìdia
• → Romanian: invidie
• → Sicilian: mmìdia, mmija
• → Venetan: invìdia

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

invidia

1. inflection of invidiare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

See also

• sette peccati capitali

Anagrams

• divinai, in via di, indivia

Latin

Etymology

From invidus (“envious”), from invideō (“envy, grudge”). Cognate to Proto-Slavic *zavistь (“envy”), Proto-Slavic *nenavistь (“hate”), Proto-Slavic *obvida (“resentment, indignation”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /inˈu̯i.di.a/, [ɪnˈu̯ɪd̪iä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /inˈvi.di.a/, [iɱˈviːd̪iä]

Noun

invidia f (genitive invidiae); first declension

1. envy, grudge, grudging, jealousy, prejudice, spite
2. odium, unpopularity, dislike, hatred, infamy, malice, resentment, ill-will
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.347–350:

     “[...] Sī tē Karthāginis arcēs,
     Phoenissam, Libycaeque aspectus dētinet urbis,
     quae tandem, Ausoniā Teucrōs cōnsīdere terrā,
     invidia est? [...]”

     “If the towers of Carthage detain you, [Dido] – a Phoenician – having looked upon this Libyan city, why then, [when we] Trojans [seek] to settle on Ausonian land, is [there any] resentment?”
     (Translations – Mackail, 1885: “what wrong is it”; Knight, 1956: “what is the objection”; Mandelbaum, 1971: “why … begrudge”; Ahl, 2007: “why … evil your eye”; Ruden, 2021: “how can you resent”.)

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	invidia	invidiae
Genitive	invidiae	invidiārum
Dative	invidiae	invidiīs
Accusative	invidiam	invidiās
Ablative	invidiā	invidiīs
Vocative	invidia	invidiae

Derived terms

• invidiōsus

Related terms

• invidēns
• invidentia
• invideō
• invidiōsē
• invidus

Descendants

• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: envia, evia
  • Old French: enveie (early texts), envie (/i/ via Latin influence)
    • French: envie
    • → Middle English: envie, anvie, envi, envy, envye, invie
      • English: envy
    • → Old Italian: envia
    • → Piedmontese: anvia
    • Lorrain: eveye, inveye
    • Walloon: eevie, invie
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Catalan: enveja
  • Old Occitan: enveja, enveia
    • Occitan: enveja, envea
    • → Old Italian: inveggia
    • Sicilian: mmija
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: enveya
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: enveja
    • Galician: envexa
    • Portuguese: inveja (/i/ via Latin influence)
• Borrowings:
  • → Italian: invidia
    • → Friulian: invidie
    • → Ligurian: invìdia
    • → Neapolitan: 'mmìdia
    • → Romanian: invidie
    • → Sicilian: mmìdia, mmija
    • → Venetan: invìdia
  • → Portuguese: invídia
  • → Spanish: envidia

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “ĭnvĭdĭa”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 4: G H I, page 799

Further reading

• “invidia”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “invidia”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• invidia in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• invidia in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be hated by some one: odio, invidiae esse alicui
    
  • to be hated by some one: in invidia esse alicui
    
  • to be detested: invidia flagrare, premi
    
  • to incur a person's hatred: in odium, in invidiam venire alicui
    
  • to incur a person's hatred: invidiam colligere (aliqua re)
    
  • to make a person odious, unpopular: in invidiam, odium (alicuius) vocare aliquem
    
  • to make a person odious, unpopular: in invidiam adducere aliquem
    
  • to make a person odious, unpopular: invidiam alicui conflare (Catil. 1. 9. 23)
    
  • to make a person odious, unpopular: invidiam, odium ex-, concitare alicui, in aliquem
    
  • to be consumed with hatred: odio or invidia alicuius ardere
    
  • to profit by the unpopularity of the senate to gain influence oneself: crescere ex invidia senatoria
    
  • unpopularity: invidia
    
  • the feeling against the dictator: invidia dictatoria (Liv. 22. 26)
    
  • to use some one's unpopularity as a means of making oneself popular: ex invidia alicuius auram popularem petere (Liv. 22. 26)
    
• “invidia”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

Romanian

Etymology

From invidie +‎ -a or Italian invidiare.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

a invidia (third-person singular present invidiază, past participle invidiat) 1st conj.

1. to envy

Conjugation

    conjugation of invidia (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

infinitive			a invidia
gerund			invidiind
past participle			invidiat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	invidiez	invidiezi	invidiază	invidiem	invidiați	invidiază
	imperfect	invidiam	invidiai	invidia	invidiam	invidiați	invidiau
	simple perfect	invidiai	invidiași	invidie	invidiarăm	invidiarăți	invidiară
	pluperfect	invidiasem	invidiaseși	invidiase	invidiaserăm	invidiaserăți	invidiaseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să invidiez	să invidiezi	să invidieze	să invidiem	să invidiați	să invidieze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		invidiază			invidiați
	negative		nu invidia			nu invidiați

Spanish

Noun

invidia f (plural invidias)

1. Obsolete spelling of envidia.

Further reading

• “invidia”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), 23rd edition, Royal Spanish Academy, 2014 October 16