h

See also: Appendix:Variations of "h"

h	U+0068, h LATIN SMALL LETTER H

← g
[U+0067]

Basic Latin

i →
[U+0069]

Character variations

ʰ	U+02B0, ʰ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H

← ʯ
[U+02AF]

Spacing Modifier Letters

ʱ →
[U+02B1]

ｈ	U+FF48, ｈ FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER H

← ｇ
[U+FF47]

Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms

ｉ →
[U+FF49]

Languages (53)

Translingual • English

Azerbaijani • Basque • Dutch • Egyptian • Esperanto • Estonian • Faroese • Finnish • French • Fula • German • Gothic • Hawaiian • Heiltsuk • Hungarian • Icelandic • Ido • Indonesian • Irish • Italian • Kankanaey • Kashubian • Latin • Latvian • Livonian • Lower Sorbian • Lushootseed • Malay • Maltese • Navajo • North Frisian • Norwegian • Nupe • Polish • Portuguese • Romani • Romanian • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Silesian • Skolt Sami • Slovene • Spanish • Swedish • Tagalog • Tlingit • Turkish • Turkmen • Welsh • Yoruba • Zulu

Page categories

Translingual

English Wikipedia has an article on:

h

Wikipedia

Letter

h (upper case H)

The eighth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

Pronunciation

Pronunciation of IPA [hɑː, ɑhhɑː] with the sound [h]: (file)

Symbol

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Voiceless glottal fricative

Wikipedia

h

(IPA) a voiceless glottal fricative or approximant.
(superscript ⟨ʰ⟩) (after a consonant) aspiration; (before a consonant) pre-aspiration; otherwise a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [h] – see ʰ.
(UPA) a voiceless laryngeal approximant (IPA [h̞])
(metrology) symbol for the prefix hecto-, indicating multiplication by 100
symbol of the hour
(italic) Planck's constant
helion
higgson
(transcription) aspiration
- 2006, Robin Wooffitt, “Analysing the Organization of Successful Demonstrations of Paranormal Cognition”, in The Language of Mediums and Psychics: The Social Organization of Everyday Miracles (in English), Ashgate Publishing, →ISBN, page 70:
  PP: ^·hh⎡y’know-, / R: [I used it today Doris for the first time. / You used it today? / R: yea(huh)s (Smiling voice) / (0.3) / PP: t^·hhhh And ah’ve another voice come, an’ she says, she’s just bought a new cooker you know. ^·hh they know-, they get to know everythi:ng,
- 2010, John Heritage, Steven Clayman, “Transcript Symbols”, in Talk in Action: Interactions, Identities, and Institutions (in English), →ISBN, pages 284 and 286:
  Bee: ^·hhh Uh::, (0.3) I don’know I guess she’s aw- she’s awright she went to thee uh:: hhospital again tihda:y, […] Hearable aspiration is shown where it occurs in the talk by the letter h – the more h’s, the more aspiration. The aspiration may represent breathing, laughter, etc. If it occurs inside the boundaries of a word, it may be enclosed in parentheses in order to set it apart from the sounds of the word. If the aspiration is an inhalation, it is shown with a dot before it (usually a raised dot) or a raised degree symbol. Bee: [Ba::]sk(h)etb(h)a(h)ll? (h)(°Whe(h)re.) […]
- 2015, Simona Pekarek Doehler, Elwys De Stefani, Anne-Sylvie Horlacher, “The hanging topic construction as an interactional resource”, in Time and Emergence in Grammar: Dislocation, Topicalization and Hanging Topic in French Talk-in-Interaction (Studies in Language and Social Interaction; 28) (in English), John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, section 5 (Aphoristic HT formulations as closing devices), page 210:
  .hhhh (0.1) donc pour moi les hommes eu::h

Usage notes

The UPA distinguishes glottal fricatives from glottal approximants. The voiceless and voiced fricatives ('spirants') are ȟ, ᴤ, while the voiceless and voiced approximants ('semivowels') are h, ɦ.^[1]

Gallery

Letter styles
Uppercase and lowercase versions of H, in normal and italic type
Uppercase and lowercase H in Fraktur

References

^ Antti Sovijärvi & Reino Peltola, eds. (1970), Suomalais-ugrilainen tarkekirjoitus [Finnish-Ugric transcription], University of Helsinki, 5th edition.

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(letter name):
- IPA^(key): /eɪt͡ʃ/
  - (General Australian) IPA^(key): [æɪt͡ʃ]
  - Audio (US): (file)
  - Audio (UK): (file)
  - Rhymes: -eɪt͡ʃ
- (regional or nonstandard) IPA^(key): /heɪt͡ʃ/
  - (Ireland) IPA^(key): [heːt͡ʃ]
  - (General Australian, nonstandard) IPA^(key): [hæɪt͡ʃ]
- (South Asia) IPA^(key): /ɛt͡ʃ/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /h/, silent
Rhymes: -eɪtʃ

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H, plural hs or h's)

The eighth letter of the English alphabet, called aitch and written in the Latin script.

Number

h (lower case, upper case H)

The ordinal number eighth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called aitch and written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2

Abbreviations

Noun

h

(sciences) Abbreviation of hour (particularly when used as a (non-SI) unit of time alongside International System of Units (SI) units)
- 1908, Francis Ernest Lloyd, The Physiology of Stomata, Carnegie Institution of Washington, page 83:
  Another instance: 2^h28^m p. m., 10 micra; 3^h08^m p. m., 0 micra; irrigated with water: 3^h09^m p. m., 4 micra.
(baseball, in statistics) Abbreviation of hit, the number of hits by a player
(slang) Abbreviation of heroin.
(computing) Abbreviation of hexadecimal (following a number)
- 1989, PC: The Independent Guide to IBM Personal Computers:
  If any of the video buffer's background attribute bits are on, MONO converts the attribute to 70h (inverse video).
- 1994, Jan Axelson, The microcontroller idea book, page 47:
  The commands assume that the NV memory is addressed beginning at 8000h in external data memory.
Abbreviation of home phone.

Verb

h

(stenoscript) Abbreviation of have and inflections having, had
exception: hz 'has'

Etymology 3

Adjective

h (comparative more h, superlative most h)

Alternative form of H

Derived terms

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /h/

Letter

h lower case (upper case H)

The eleventh letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Basque

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Southern) /at͡ʃe/, [a.t͡ʃe̞]
IPA^(key): (Northern) /hat͡ʃe/, [ɦa.t͡ʃe̞]

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The eighth letter of the Basque alphabet, called hatxe and written in the Latin script.

Dutch

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -aː
(letter name): IPA^(key): /ɦaː/, /ɦɑʃ/

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The eighth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛ/
- Conventional anglicization: he

Noun

m

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: [Pyramid Texts to New Kingdom]
1. courtyard
2. room, hall

Inflection

Declension of h (masculine)

singular	h
dual	hwj
plural	hw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of h

h

[Pyramid and Coffin Texts]

[Coffin Texts]

Derived terms

jtnw n h

References

“hʾ (lemma ID 97220)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 470.1–470.5
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 156
van der Molen, Rami (2000) A Hieroglyphic Dictionary of Egyptian Coffin Texts, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 293

Esperanto

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /ho/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /h/
Audio: (file)

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The tenth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called ho and written in the Latin script.

Estonian

Estonian Wikipedia has an article on:

h

Wikipedia ^et

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈhɑː/, [ˈ(h)ɑː]
(dated) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑʃː/, [ˈ(h)ɑʃː]

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The eighth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called haa or hašš and written in the Latin script.

Faroese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /h/

Letter

h (upper case H)

The ninth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Finnish

Etymology 1

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and h for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈhoː/, [ˈho̞ː] (letter name)
Audio: hoo, hahlo, Helsinki, hoo: (file)

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The eighth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called hoo and written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

compounds

Etymology 2

German musical notation.

Noun

h

(music) B (note)

Usage notes

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

Declension

Inflection of h (Kotus type 18/maa)

	singular	plural
nominative	h	h:t
genitive	h:n	h:iden h:itten
partitive	h:ta	h:ita
accusative	h h:n	h:t
inessive	h:ssa	h:issa
elative	h:sta	h:ista
illative	h:hon	h:ihin
adessive	h:lla	h:illa
ablative	h:lta	h:ilta
allative	h:lle	h:ille
essive	h:na	h:ina
translative	h:ksi	h:iksi
abessive	h:tta	h:itta
instructive	–	h:in
comitative	–	h:ineen

Derived terms

compounds

French

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /aʃ/

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The eighth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

Symbol

h

Used to indicate the hour in a time indication, either with or without following minutes.
10h ― 10:00 a.m.

20h30 ― 8:30 p.m.

Fula

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /h/

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

German

Etymology 1

Letter

h

the letter h, see H

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /uːɐ̯/

Noun

h

(common, not restricted to scientific usage) hour
15:30 h
3:30 p.m.
(read out as: fünfzehn Uhr dreißig, or halb vier)

Gothic

Romanization

h

Romanization of 𐌷

Hawaiian

Alternative forms

(letter name) hē

Pronunciation

(letter name) IPA^(key): /ˈheː/
(phoneme) /h/

Letter

h

The sixth letter of the Hawaiian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Heiltsuk

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɦ/

Letter

h (upper case H)

A letter of the Heiltsuk alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Hungarian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(phoneme): IPA^(key): [ˈx]
(letter name): IPA^(key): [ˈhaː]

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The fourteenth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called há and written in the Latin script.
(music) Alternative form of H (“B”, the seventh note in the C major scale, its symbol in writing or in print, or the equivalent key of a piano or stop of a stringed instrument)

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	h	h-k
accusative	h-t	h-kat
dative	h-nak	h-knak
instrumental	h-val	h-kkal
causal-final	h-ért	h-kért
translative	h-vá	h-kká
terminative	h-ig	h-kig
essive-formal	h-ként	h-kként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	h-ban	h-kban
superessive	h-n	h-kon
adessive	h-nál	h-knál
illative	h-ba	h-kba
sublative	h-ra	h-kra
allative	h-hoz	h-khoz
elative	h-ból	h-kból
delative	h-ról	h-król
ablative	h-tól	h-któl
non-attributive possessive - singular	h-é	h-ké
non-attributive possessive - plural	h-éi	h-kéi

Possessive forms of h
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	h-m	h-im
2nd person sing.	h-d	h-id
3rd person sing.	h-ja	h-i
1st person plural	h-nk	h-ink
2nd person plural	h-tok	h-itok
3rd person plural	h-juk	h-ik

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Abbreviation.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈhoɟ]

Conjunction

h

(Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of hogy (“that”).

Icelandic

Pronunciation

(letter name) IPA^(key): /hauː/

Letter

h (upper case H)

The tenth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Ido

Pronunciation

(context pronunciation) IPA^(key): /h/
(letter name) IPA^(key): /he/

Letter

h (upper case H)

The eighth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Indonesian

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /ha/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /h/

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The eighth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Irish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /h/

Prefix

h

marker of h-prothesis
na habhann ― of the river

fáilte go hÉirinn ― welcome to Ireland

chomh hard le crann ― as tall as a tree

Italian

Letter

h f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case H)

The eighth letter of the Italian alphabet, called acca and written in the Latin script.

Kankanaey

Etymology

Borrowed from Tagalog h. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English h.

Pronunciation

(letter name) IPA^(key): /ˈʔejt͡ʃ/ [ˈʔei̯t͡ʃ]
- Rhymes: -ejt͡ʃ
(phoneme) IPA^(key): /h/ [h]

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The eighth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called eyts and written in the Latin script.

References

Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016) Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎^[3] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11

Kashubian

Etymology

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and h for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The twelfth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Latin

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

A letter in the Latin alphabet, representing the sound /h/

Latvian

Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:

h

Wikipedia ^lv

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [x]
Audio: (file)

Letter

h (upper case H)

The twelfth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called hā and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

The letter H/h (like F/f, and O/o representing [o], [oː] instead of [uə̯]) is found only in words of foreign origin (borrowings). Note that it represents the sound of IPA [x] (like German machen, ach), not (as in most other alphabets based on the Latin script) the sound of IPA [h].

Livonian

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /x/

Letter

h (upper case H)

The twelfth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

Silent in most native words.
IPA^(key): (in most loanwords and some native words) /h/

Letter

h (upper case H)

The eleventh letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called ha and written in the Latin script.

Lushootseed

Letter

h

The fourteenth letter of the Lushootseed alphabet, pronounced as a voiceless glottal fricative.

Malay

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The eighth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Maltese

Etymology

Continues Arabic ه (h). In pre-modern Maltese, h still produces the sound [h] as recorded by Agius de Soldanis (1750) and Mikel Anton Vassalli (1796). The early contemporary variant was first found in the dialect of lsien tal-bliet (“tongues of the cities”, referring to the cities around the Grand Harbour according to Vassalli) which eventually superseded the increasingly archaic [h] sound in the neighboring areas.

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /-/, /ː/, /j/, /w/, /ħ/
(phoneme) IPA^(key): /h/, /ħ/ (archaic)

Letter

h (upper case H)

The tenth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

In contemporary Maltese, h remains a true consonant [ħ] in the following cases:
- in word-final position or when being the last radical of a verb: ikrah [ˈɪkraħ], jixbhu [ˈjɪʃpħʊ];
- before the negative ending -x: jarawhx [jaˈrawħʃ];
- in the clusters -għh-, -ħh-, -hh-, which all become [ħħ].
Otherwise it is silent or leaves only a vocalic trace:
- Following and preceding a, e, o are lengthened if stressed: hedded [ˈɛːddɛt], fehmet [ˈfɛːmɛt]. Other vowels are not affected.
- In intervocalic position it is a glide, [j] after i, ie, and [w] after u: jibniha [jɪbˈnɪːja], inħobbuhom [ɪnħɔbˈbuːwɔm].
- The sequence -aho- becomes [ɔː]: rahom [rɔːm]. The sequence -ehi- becomes [ɛj] or [ɛˈjiː]: ftehim [ftɛjm], [ftɛˈjiːm].
On the other hand in pre-modern Maltese dialects that preserved the guttaral sounds, h remained as a true consonant with the aspirated and soft sound of [h] in all positions except:
- If word final h is an affixed pronoun: ħalluh [χal.lʊːħ], ħallih [χal.lɪːħ], fih [fɪːħ].
Phonotactically, word-initial h now generally behaves like a vowel, allowing contractions such as m’hemm x [mɛːmʃ]. However, word-internal h still behaves like a (virtual) consonant. Compare for example qablu [ˈʔablʊ] with qabilha [ʔaˈbɪla], which latter is formed as though the l were followed by a consonant.

Navajo

Letter

h (upper case H)

A letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

North Frisian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [h]

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Norwegian

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /hɔː/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /h/
Audio: (file)

Letter

h

The eighth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

When written before j, the h becomes silent.

Nupe

Pronunciation

(phoneme): IPA^(key): /h/

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The tenth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Polish

Etymology 1

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and h for development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxa/

Letter

h (upper case H, lower case)

The eleventh letter of the Polish alphabet, called ha and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

Seemingly native words spelt with ⟨h⟩ (rather than ⟨ch⟩) are generally from Czech or other Slavic dialects. Otherwise ⟨h⟩ occurs in loanwords, especially from German. Some dialects distinguish between /x/ and /h/, but this is not part of standard Polish.

Etymology 2

Derived from Latin hōra.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡɔˈd͡ʑi.na/

Noun

h f

Abbreviation of godzina (“hour”).

Portuguese

Pronunciation

Name: see agá

Audio (Brazil): (file)

Letter:

in most words: silent
in expressive terms and recent loanwords: IPA^(key): /h/, [h], [ɦ], [ʁ]

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The eighth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, called agá and written in the Latin script.
1. silent letter used mainly in words derived from Latin, Greek and other Romance languages; word-initial only
  hoje, hábito, hipnose, hotel ― today, habit, hypnosis, hotel
  1. (chiefly obsolete) silent letter used word-medially in loanwords
    coherente (now coerente) ― coherent
  2. (obsolete except in given names) used in the Hellenistic digraphs th, ph and rh
    thesouro (now tesouro), phalange (now falange), rheumatismo (now reumatismo), Cynthia (alongside Cíntia) ― treasure, phalanx, rheumatism, Cynthia
  3. (obsolete except in given names) used in words perceived to be Hellenisms
    thesoura (now tesoura), Nathalia ― scissors, Natalie
2. represents /h/ in most recent loanwords from other languages, most commonly English
  hardcore, hacker, hall
  hardcore punk, hacker, entry hall
3. used in the digraphs ch, lh and nh, where it indicates a palatal or post-alveolar pronunciation
  cheio, alho, banho ― full, garlic, bath
4. (obsolete) silent letter used word-initially in monosyllabic verbs with no attack
  hir (now ir), he (now é) ― to go, is
5. silent letter used syllable-finally in some interjections
  ih! oh! ― uh oh! ooh!
6. represents /h/ in some expressive terms
  hahaha! aham, hue hue ― hahaha! yep, hehehe
7. (chiefly Internet slang) used as a replacement for the acute or circumflex accent, or silent infinitive -r, indicating stress
  eh (standard é), Feh (standard Fê), fazeh (standard fazer) ― is, a nickname, to do
8. (obsolete except in the word Bahia) silent letter used to mark some hiatus
  sahir (now sair), bahia (now baía)
  to leave, bay

Noun

h f (invariable)

Abbreviation of hora.
1. used to indicate time in relation to a 24-hour clock
  O evento é hoje, às 20h ― The event is today at 8 p.m.
  
  09h30 ― 09:30 a.m.
2. used to indicate any sequence of time in hours
  O atleta completou a corrida em 1h20min45s ― The athlete completed the race in 1 hour, 21 minutes and 45 seconds

Usage notes

This abbreviation uses no spaces or points and must always follow a number (in its most common usage, a number between 0 and 23 to indicate the day's hours).
The abbreviation can be followed by a number between 00 and 59 to indicate the minutes of an hour (as in French). This can be optionally represented by another abbreviation: min.
- Example: 15h30 or 15h30min, the first being much more common
min can be further followed by another abbreviation, s, to represent seconds.
- Example: 20h43min08s

Romani

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /h/

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

(International Standard) The tenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
(Pan-Vlax) The eleventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Romanian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /h/

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The tenth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called haș, ha, or hî and written in the Latin script.

Scottish Gaelic

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The eighth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is preceded by g and followed by i. Its traditional name is uath (“hawthorn”).

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

H (uppercase)

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /x/

Letter

h (Cyrillic spelling х)

The 12th letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by g and followed by i.

Silesian

Etymology

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and h for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The tenth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /x/, /h/

Letter

h (upper case H)

The fifteenth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Slovene

Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:

h

Wikipedia ^sl

Alternative forms

See usage notes for both etymologies.

Etymology 1

From Gaj's Latin alphabet h, from Czech alphabet h, from Latin h. Pronunciation as /xə/ is initial Slovene (phoneme plus a fill vowel) and the second pronunciation is probably taken from German h.

Pronunciation

(phoneme) Pronunciation of h

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA^(key): /x/, [ɣ], SNPT: /h/, [ɣ]
• (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA^(key): /x/, [ɣ], SNPT: /h/, [ɣ]

Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

(letter name) Pronunciation of h [hə̀, há] (ə̏, ā)

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA^(key): [ˈxə̂], [ˈxâː], [ˈxǎː], SNPT: [hə̏], [hā]
• (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA^(key): [ˈxə], [ˈxaː], SNPT: [hə̀], [hā],

Audio:

(file)

Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

Miscellaneous

• Rhymes: -ə, -aː ([ə̀], [á]) (non-tonal)
• Hyphenation: h
• Homophones: H, h, ha (tonal and non-tonal)

• Alpine Slavic (1000–1200 AD): *hə̀
• Carinthian dialect plane: *hə̏
• Veneitian–Karst dialect plane: *hə̏
• Soča–Idrija dialect plane: *hə̏
• Upper Carniolan dialect plane: *hə̏
• Lower Carniolan dialect plane: *hə̏
• Southern Styrian dialect plane: *hə̏
• Northern Styrian dialect plane: *hə̏
• Pannonian dialect plane: *hə̏

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The ninth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
The fourteenth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
The tenth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

In Metelko alphabet, the phoneme was written by two different letters whether it was pronounced as velar /x/ or glottal /h/, a distinction irrelevant to nowadays standard and the distinction was also not used by all writers. Phoneme /h/ was written with 〈h〉, while /x/ was written with a yet to be encoded character .

Symbol

h

(SNPT for Standard Slovene) Phonetic transcription of sound [x].
(dialectal SNPT) Phonetic transcription of sounds [h, ħ].

Noun

h m inan or f

The name of the Latin script letter H / h.
(linguistics) The name of the phoneme /x/.

Inflection

Overall more common

First masculine declension (soft o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent, -j- infix
nom. sing.	h
gen. sing.	h-ja
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	h	h-ja	h-ji
genitive rodȋlnik	h-ja	h-jev	h-jev
dative dajȃlnik	h-ju, h-ji	h-jema	h-jem
accusative tožȋlnik	h	h-ja	h-je
locative mẹ̑stnik	h-ju, h-ji	h-jih	h-jih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	h-jem	h-jema	h-ji
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	h	h-ja	h-ji

More common when with a definite adjective

Third masculine declension (no endings) , fixed accent
nom. sing.	h
gen. sing.	h
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	h	h	h
genitive rodȋlnik	h	h	h
dative dajȃlnik	h	h	h
accusative tožȋlnik	h	h	h
locative mẹ̑stnik	h	h	h
instrumental orọ̑dnik	h	h	h
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	h	h	h

Dialectal, in common written language used till 19th century

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , -j- infix
nom. sing.	h
gen. sing.	h-ja
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	h	h-ja	h-ji
genitive rodȋlnik	h-ja	h-jov	h-jov
dative dajȃlnik	h-ju, h-ji	h-joma	h-jom
accusative tožȋlnik	h	h-ja	h-je
locative mẹ̑stnik	h-ju, h-ji	h-jih	h-jih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	h-jom	h-joma	h-ji
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	h	h-ja	h-ji

Rare

Third feminine declension (no endings) , fixed accent
nom. sing.	h
gen. sing.	h
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	h	h	h
genitive rodȋlnik	h	h	h
dative dajȃlnik	h	h	h
accusative tožȋlnik	h	h	h
locative mẹ̑stnik	h	h	h
instrumental orọ̑dnik	h	h	h
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	h	h	h

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *kъ 'to', which is itself probably from Proto-Indo-European *k^u̯u 'where'. This form is a spirantization of k, which appeared to ease the pronunciation.

Pronunciation

(usually) Pronunciation of h

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA^(key): [x], [ɣ], SNPT: [h], [ɣ] (see also usage notes)
• (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA^(key): [x], [ɣ], SNPT: [h], [ɣ] (see also usage notes)

Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

(often colloquially or when trying to stress it, considered incorrect by Slovenski pravopis) Pronunciation of h [hə]

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA^(key): [xə], SNPT: [hə]
• (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA^(key): [xə], SNPT: [hə]

Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

(outside of original context) Pronunciation of h [hə̀] (ə̏)

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA^(key): [ˈxə́], SNPT: [hə̏]
• (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA^(key): [ˈxə], SNPT: [hə̀]

Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

Miscellaneous

• Rhymes: -ə ([-ə̀]) (non-tonal)
• Hyphenation: h
• Homophones: h, H (tonal and non-tonal)

• Alpine Slavic (1000–1200 AD): *k
• Carinthian dialect plane: *k
• Veneitian–Karst dialect plane: =*k
• Soča–Idrija dialect plane: *k
• Upper Carniolan dialect plane: *k
• Lower Carniolan dialect plane: *k
• Southern Styrian dialect plane: *k
• Northern Styrian dialect plane: *k
• Pannonian dialect plane: *k

Preposition

h

(with dative, see usage notes) to, for

Usage notes

Preposition h is a form of preposition k that appears before words that start with /k/ or /ɡ/ while other form is used for all other words. In "correct" pronunciation, the preposition does not form its own syllable, but binds to the first syllable of the next word and has therefore two pronunciations: [x] if word starts with [k] and [ɣ] if word starts with [ɡ]. In colloquial speech, this form (or at least its pronunciation) are also used with words starting with other letters.

References

Kenda-Jež, Karmen (2017 February 27) Fonetična trankripcija [Phonetic transcription]‎^[4] (in Slovene), Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša, archived from the original on January 22, 2022, pages 27–30

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (letter name) /ˈat͡ʃe/ [ˈa.t͡ʃe]
Audio (Spain): (file)
Rhymes: -atʃe

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The eighth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

por h o por b

Swedish

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The eighth letter of the Swedish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun

h

(nonstandard, anglicism) Abbreviation of hour from English.
Synonyms: timme, tim.
(strictly technology) Abbreviation of hora from Latin.
Synonyms: timme, tim.
(music) B, note with a frequency close to 493.88 · 2ⁿ Hz
Synonym: (anglicism) b

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish h. Each pronunciation has a different source:

Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English h.
Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜑ (ha).
Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish h.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog)
- IPA^(key): /ˈʔejt͡ʃ/ [ˈʔeɪ̯t͡ʃ] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
  - IPA^(key): (no yod coalescence) /ˈʔejts/ [ˈʔeɪ̯t̪s] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
  - Rhymes: -ejt͡ʃ (letter name, Filipino alphabet), (no yod coalescence) -ejts (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
- IPA^(key): /ˈha/ [ˈha] (letter name, Abakada alphabet)
  - Rhymes: -a
- IPA^(key): /ˈʔat͡ʃe/ [ˈʔaː.t͡ʃɛ] (letter name, Abecedario)
  - IPA^(key): (no yod coalescence) /ˈʔatse/ [ˈʔat̪.sɛ] (letter name, Abecedario)
  - Rhymes: -at͡ʃe (letter name, Abecedario), (no yod coalescence) -atse (letter name, Abecedario)
- IPA^(key): /h/ [h] (phoneme; silent in Spanish unadapted loanwards)

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜌ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐ᜔)

The eighth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called eyts and written in the Latin script.

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H, Baybayin spelling ᜑ)

The seventh letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called ha and written in the Latin script.

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜆ᜔ᜐᜒ)

(historical) The ninth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called hache and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

Over time, some of the loaned Spanish words still spelled with the silent ⟨h⟩ are spoken with /h/ due to spelling pronunciation, as people are becoming less aware of the letter being silent.

Tlingit

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /h/

Letter

h (upper case H)

A letter of the Tlingit alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Turkish

Pronunciation

(letter name) IPA^(key): (standard) /ˈheː/, /ˈhaʃ/
(phoneme) IPA^(key): /h/, [ç]

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The tenth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called he and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

See H.

Turkmen

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /h~x/

Letter

h (upper case H)

The ninth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called he and written in the Latin script.

Welsh

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /h/

Prefix

h

marker of h-prothesis
ei hiaith ― her language

i’n heglwys ― to our church

un ar hugain ― twenty-one

Yoruba

Pronunciation

(phoneme): IPA^(key): /h/
(letter name): IPA^(key): /hí/

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The ninth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called hí and written in the Latin script.

Zulu

Letter

h (lower case, upper case H)

The eighth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.