kel

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "kel"

Cypriot Arabic

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Root
'-k-l
4 terms

Etymology

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Inherited from Arabic أَكَلَ (ʔakala).

Verb

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kel I (present pkyakol)

  1. to eat
  2. to wear down

References

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  • Borg, Alexander (2004) A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 142

Czech

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Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Czech kel, from Proto-Slavic *kъlъ.

Noun

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kel m inan

  1. tusk
Declension
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Declension of kel (hard masculine inanimate reducible)
singular plural
nominative kel kly
genitive klu klů
dative klu klům
accusative kel kly
vocative kle kly
locative klu klech
instrumental klem kly

Etymology 2

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Related to older klí (“embryo, germ”).

Noun

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kel m inan or f

  1. (obsolete, botany) embryo, germ
    Synonyms: klíček, embryo, klík (obsolete), klíč (rare)
Declension
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Declension of kel (hard masculine inanimate reducible)
singular plural
nominative kel kly
genitive klu klů
dative klu klům
accusative kel kly
vocative kle kly
locative klu klech
instrumental klem kly
Derived terms
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Further reading

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  • “kel”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “kel”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • “kel”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
  • František Št. Kott (1878) “kel”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: Josef Kolář, page 684

Danish

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Etymology

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From German Kehle.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /keːl/, [kʰeːˀl]

Noun

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kel c (singular definite kelen, plural indefinite kele)

  1. hollow moulding, cavetto
  2. valley

Inflection

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Declension of kel
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative kel kelen kele kelene
genitive kels kelens keles kelenes

Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈkɛl]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: kel
  • Rhymes: -ɛl

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Ugric *kälä-, possibly derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kälä- (“to ford”).[1] Akin to Northern Mansi ква̄луӈкве (kvāluňkve, “to rise”).

Alternative forms

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Verb

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kel

  1. (obsolete) come and go, get about (to transport oneself from place to place)[2]
  3. (intransitive) to get up, rise (from sleep; occasionally more broadly from a lying or sitting position)
    Synonyms: felkel, feláll
  4. (intransitive, of the sun or moon) to rise
    Synonym: felkel
  5. (intransitive, of a seedling) to sprout, shoot, bud, germinate
    Synonyms: sarjad, kibújik
  6. (intransitive, of a young bird or insect) to hatch (to be hatched)
  7. (intransitive, cooking, of dough) to rise
  8. (intransitive, figuratively, in expressions) to start, set off, take off
    Synonyms: kezd, indul, (in expressions) ered
  9. (intransitive, figuratively, archaic or poetic) to rise, arise (chiefly of emotions, their outward expressions, or natural forces like wind)
    Synonyms: keletkezik, kezdődik, támad
  10. (intransitive, marketing, chiefly after adverbs) to be sought-after, in demand
    Synonyms: kelendő, eladható, kapós, keresett, fogy
  11. (intransitive, of a piece of writing) to be dated (only in the past tense)
    Synonyms: íródik, létrejön
Conjugation
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conjugation of kel
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. kelek kelsz kel kelünk keltek kelnek
Def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indef. keltem keltél kelt keltünk keltetek keltek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. kelni fog.
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. kelék kelél kele kelénk kelétek kelének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. kel vala, kelt vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. kelendek kelendesz kelend kelendünk kelendetek kelendenek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. kelnék kelnél kelne kelnénk kelnétek kelnének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kelt volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. keljek kelj or
keljél 		keljen keljünk keljetek keljenek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kelt légyen
Infinitive kelni kelnem kelned kelnie kelnünk kelnetek kelniük
Other
forms 		Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
kelés kelő kelt ― kelve (kelvén)
potential conjugation of kel
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. kelhetek kelhetsz kelhet kelhetünk kelhettek kelhetnek
Def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indef. kelhettem kelhettél kelhetett kelhettünk kelhettetek kelhettek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. kelheték kelhetél kelhete kelheténk kelhetétek kelhetének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. kelhet vala, kelhetett vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. kelhetendek
or kelandhatok 		kelhetendesz
or kelandhatsz 		kelhetend
or kelandhat 		kelhetendünk
or kelandhatunk 		kelhetendetek
or kelandhattok 		kelhetendenek
or kelandhatnak
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. kelhetnék kelhetnél kelhetne kelhetnénk kelhetnétek kelhetnének
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kelhetett volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. kelhessek kelhess or
kelhessél 		kelhessen kelhessünk kelhessetek kelhessenek
Def. ―
2nd-p. o. ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kelhetett légyen
Inf. (kelhetni) (kelhetnem) (kelhetned) (kelhetnie) (kelhetnünk) (kelhetnetek) (kelhetniük)
Positive adjective ― Neg. adj. ― Adv. part. (kelhetve / kelhetvén)
Derived terms
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Compound words

(With verbal prefixes):

Expressions

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Bavarian Keel (“Savoy cabbage”), from Latin caulis (“stem, stalk, cabbage”).

Noun

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kel (plural kelek)

  2. Savoy cabbage
    Synonym: kelkáposzta
  3. (in phrases and compounds) a type of Brassica (cabbage and similar plants), including kale, cauliflower, napa cabbage, and Brussels sprout
    Hyponyms: fodros kel, kínai kel
Declension
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Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative kel kelek
accusative kelt keleket
dative kelnek keleknek
instrumental kellel kelekkel
causal-final kelért kelekért
translative kellé kelekké
terminative kelig kelekig
essive-formal kelként kelekként
essive-modal — —
inessive kelben kelekben
superessive kelen keleken
adessive kelnél keleknél
illative kelbe kelekbe
sublative kelre kelekre
allative kelhez kelekhez
elative kelből kelekből
delative kelről kelekről
ablative keltől kelektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		kelé keleké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		keléi kelekéi
Possessive forms of kel
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. kelem keljeim
2nd person sing. keled keljeid
3rd person sing. kelje keljei
1st person plural kelünk keljeink
2nd person plural keletek keljeitek
3rd person plural keljük keljeik
Derived terms
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Compound words

References

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  1. ^ Entry #259 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. ^ kel in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

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  • (to get up, to rise): kel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (Savoy cabbage): kel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Kabuverdianu

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Etymology

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From Portuguese aquilo.

Pronoun

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kel

  1. that

Northern Kurdish

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Noun

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kel ?

  1. thing
  2. heat

Old Czech

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Alternative forms

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  • keł (alternative writing)

Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъlъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kel m inan

  1. tusk
  2. culm (?)

Declension

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Declension of kel (hard o-stem reducible)
singular dual plural
nominative kel kly kli, klové
genitive kla, klu klú klóv
dative klu kloma klóm
accusative kel kly kly
vocative kle kly kli, klové
locative kle, klu klú kléch
instrumental klem kloma kly
This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants

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  • Czech: kel

Further reading

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Old French

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Contraction

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kel

  1. contraction of ke le (that it)

Slovak

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Bavarian Keel (“Savoy cabbage”), from Latin caulis (“stem, stalk, cabbage”).

Noun

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kel m inan (related adjective kelový)

  1. savoy
Declension
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Declension of kel (pattern dub)
singularplural
nominativekelkely
genitivekelukelov
dativekelukelom
accusativekelkely
locativekelikeloch
instrumentalkelomkelmi
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъlъ.

Noun

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kel m inan (related adjective klový)

  1. tusk
Declension
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Declension of kel (pattern dub)
singularplural
nominativekelkly
genitiveklaklov
dativekluklom
accusativekelkly
locativeklekloch
instrumentalklomklami

Further reading

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Sranan Tongo

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Noun

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kel

  1. guy, dude
    • c. 1950, Sophie Redmond, “Datra Papa”, in Thea Doelwijt, editor, Kri, kra! Proza van Suriname‎[1], Paramaribo: Bureau Volkslectuur, published 1972, page 115:
      Nana: Misi libi mi nanga tori foe Frits p'pa; efi mi prakseri fa mi lasi na beste ten foe mi libi, nanga na kel.
      Nana: Madam, let me be with the matter of Frits's dad. If I just think about how I waisted the best years of my life with that guy...
    • 1985, Paul Marlee, Proefkonijn‎[2], Paramaribo: Uitgeverij De Volksboekwinkel, →ISBN, page 99:
      ‘Blub, hik, sorry man, ei Arnie, pe y' ben de yongu, m' e suk' i no moer man; pe a meid Sastro de man, mi lob' a sma, yongu, wan f' den kel go vandoor nang' a sma k'ba natuurlijk. (...)’
      'Glub, hiccup, sorry, man, hey Arnie, where have you been, man, I've been looking all over for you; where's that girl Sastro, man, I love that girl, man, one of the guys already went off with her, obviously. (...)'

Descendants

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Swedish

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Etymology

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Deverbal from kela

Noun

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kel n

  1. (colloquial) cuddling, petting

Declension

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Declension of kel
nominative genitive
singular indefinite kel kels
definite kelet kelets
plural indefinite — —
definite — —

References

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Turkish

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Etymology

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From Ottoman Turkish كل (kel, “bald”), from Persian کل (kal, “bald”). Cognate to kelle (“head”) and ultimately to Latin calvus (“bald”), Old English calu (“bald”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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kel

  1. bald

Declension

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Inflection
Nominative kel
Definite accusative keli
Singular Plural
Nominative kel keller
Definite accusative keli kelleri
Dative kele kellere
Locative kelde kellerde
Ablative kelden kellerden
Genitive kelin kellerin
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular kelim kellerim
2nd singular kelin kellerin
3rd singular keli kelleri
1st plural kelimiz kellerimiz
2nd plural keliniz kelleriniz
3rd plural kelleri kelleri
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular kelimi kellerimi
2nd singular kelini kellerini
3rd singular kelini kellerini
1st plural kelimizi kellerimizi
2nd plural kelinizi kellerinizi
3rd plural kellerini kellerini
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular kelime kellerime
2nd singular keline kellerine
3rd singular keline kellerine
1st plural kelimize kellerimize
2nd plural kelinize kellerinize
3rd plural kellerine kellerine
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular kelimde kellerimde
2nd singular kelinde kellerinde
3rd singular kelinde kellerinde
1st plural kelimizde kellerimizde
2nd plural kelinizde kellerinizde
3rd plural kellerinde kellerinde
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular kelimden kellerimden
2nd singular kelinden kellerinden
3rd singular kelinden kellerinden
1st plural kelimizden kellerimizden
2nd plural kelinizden kellerinizden
3rd plural kellerinden kellerinden
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular kelimin kellerimin
2nd singular kelinin kellerinin
3rd singular kelinin kellerinin
1st plural kelimizin kellerimizin
2nd plural kelinizin kellerinizin
3rd plural kellerinin kellerinin

Synonyms

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Descendants

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Uzbek

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Other scripts
Yangi Imlo
Cyrillic кел‍
Latin kel‍
Perso-Arabic
(Afghanistan)

Pronunciation

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  • (Uzbekistani standard) IPA(key): /kɛl/, [k̟ɛl]
  • (Khorazm dialect) IPA(key): /ɡæl/
  • Hyphenation: kel

Verb

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kel

  1. second-person singular informal imperative of kelmoq

Volapük

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French lequel (“which”).

Pronoun

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kel

  1. (relative) who
    • 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 15:
      Utan, kel lugon, binon lugan.
      A person who lies is a liar.
  2. (relative) which
    • 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 15:
      Buk, keli elegivol obe, binon jönik.
      The book that you have given to me is beautiful.
    • 1938, “Pö yelacen”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, page 1:
      Volapük eprogedon nog no mödiko, e nog ai go no labülon pladi, kel demü patöfs sublimik okik duton lü on.
      Volapük has not yet made great progress, and is far from occupying the place it deserves due to its its superior qualities.

Declension

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  • Note: This word is declined to match the function it plays in its subordinate clause, not to match the declension of the noun it modifies.
    declension of kel
singular plural
nominative kel kels
genitive kela kelas
dative kele keles
accusative keli kelis

Wolof

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Noun

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kel (definite form kel gi)

  1. Grewia bicolor

Yetfa

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Noun

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kel

  1. water

References

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Zou

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Etymology 1

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Kel (1).

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *keel, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *keel.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kèl

  1. goat

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kal, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la. Cognates include Khumi Chin ämäkei and Mizo kal.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kel

  1. kidney

Etymology 3

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From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kaal.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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kel

  1. (transitive) to climb
Derived terms
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References

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  • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 40, 46, 81
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