Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grautaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *gʰrowd-o-s, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewd-, *gʰer- (“to rub, grind, remove”). Akin to Proto-Slavic *gruda (“pile”), Proto-Slavic *grudьnъ (“crude, lousy”). Synchronically analyzable as a regular o-grade adjectival formation from *greutaną (“to grind, crush”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣrɑu̯.tɑz/

Adjective

*grautaz

1. coarse, crude
2. big, large

Inflection

Declension of *grautaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*grautaz	*grautai	*grautō	*grautôz	*grautą, -atō	*grautō
Accusative	*grautanǭ	*grautanz	*grautǭ	*grautōz	*grautą, -atō	*grautō
Genitive	*grautas, -is	*grautaizǫ̂	*grautaizōz	*grautaizǫ̂	*grautas, -is	*grautaizǫ̂
Dative	*grautammai	*grautaimaz	*grautaizōi	*grautaimaz	*grautammai	*grautaimaz
Instrumental	*grautanō	*grautaimiz	*grautaizō	*grautaimiz	*grautanō	*grautaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*grautô	*grautaniz	*grautǭ	*grautōniz	*grautô	*grautōnō
Accusative	*grautanų	*grautanunz	*grautōnų	*grautōnunz	*grautô	*grautōnō
Genitive	*grautiniz	*grautanǫ̂	*grautōniz	*grautōnǫ̂	*grautiniz	*grautanǫ̂
Dative	*grautini	*grautammaz	*grautōni	*grautōmaz	*grautini	*grautammaz
Instrumental	*grautinē	*grautammiz	*grautōnē	*grautōmiz	*grautinē	*grautammiz

Synonyms

• (big, large): *mikilaz, *stōraz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *graut
  • Old English: grēat
    • Middle English: grete, greet, girt, gert (dialectal)
      • English: great, (dialectal) gert
        • → Welsh: grêt
      • Scots: great, greet, grete, greit
      • Yola: graat
  • Old Frisian: grāt
    • North Frisian: grott
    • Saterland Frisian: groot
    • West Frisian: grut
  • Old Saxon: grōt
    • Middle Low German: grôt
      • Low German: groot
        • German Low German: groot; graut (Münsterländisch)

          Plautdietsch: groot

  • Old Dutch: grōt
    • Middle Dutch: grôot
      • Dutch: groot
        • Afrikaans: groot
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: groto
        • Jersey Dutch: x'rôt
        • Negerhollands: groot, grooto, guṅgu, gro
          • → Virgin Islands Creole: gungu (dated)
        • Petjo: groot
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: groat
      • Limburgish: groeat
      • Zealandic: groôt
  • → Bourbonnais-Berrichon: groût (Berry)
  • → Bourguignon: grô
  • Old High German: grōz
    • Middle High German: grōz
      • Alemannic German: groß, gruuss

        Swabian: groß

      • Bavarian: groas, grous

        Cimbrian: groaz, gròas (Sette Comuni)

        Mòcheno: groas

      • Central Franconian: jruß, gruß

        Hunsrik: gros

        Luxembourgish: grouss

      • German: groß
      • Rhine Franconian: gruß

        Frankfurterisch: [kʀoːs]

        Pennsylvania German: gross

      • Vilamovian: gros
      • Yiddish: גרויס (groys)
  • →? Medieval Latin: grossus (see there for further descendants)