魁

魁 U+9B41, 魁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B41 ← 魀 [U+9B40] CJK Unified Ideographs 魂 → [U+9B42]

Translingual

Han character

魁 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+4, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹戈卜十 (HIYJ), four-corner 2421₀, composition ⿺鬼斗)

Derived characters

• 櫆, 𢷪, 𤁔, 𨣫, 𪇫, 𬞴, 𬬖, 𡦶

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1461, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45785
• Dae Jaweon: page 1994, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4429, character 13
• Unihan data for U+9B41

Chinese

trad.		魁
simp. #		魁
alternative forms		𫿶 𣁽 𩲔 𱆗 𩲙 𫿶 𣁽 𩲔 𱆗 𩲙 𩳭 𩲅 𭔷 𰁩 𫣅 櫆

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 魁
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (鬼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
謉	*tkuːlʔ, *krul
瑰	*kuːl, *ɡuːl
傀	*kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ
藱	*kuːl
魁	*kʰuːl
磈	*kʰuːlʔ, *qulʔ
塊	*kʰuːls, *kʰruːds
嵬	*ŋɡuːl, *ŋɡuːlʔ
隗	*ŋɡuːlʔ
槐	*ɡuːl, *ɡruːl
瘣	*ɡuːlʔ
廆	*ɡuːlʔ
溾	*ɡuːlʔ, *qruːl
螝	*ɡuːls, *krul
褢	*ɡruːl
騩	*krul, *kruls, *kul
愧	*kruls
媿	*kruls
聭	*kruls
餽	*ɡruls
鬼	*kulʔ
魏	*ŋɡuls
巍	*ŋul
犩	*ŋul, *ŋuls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːl) : phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ) + semantic 斗 (“ladle”) – soup ladle.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kuí (kui²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄟˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fui¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khùi
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khoe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuí
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄟˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuéi
    • Wade–Giles: kʻuei²
    • Yale: kwéi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kwei
    • Palladius: куй (kuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fui¹
    • Yale: fūi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fui¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fui¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuːi̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khùi
    • Hakka Romanization System: kui^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kui²
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰu̯i¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoe
    • Tâi-lô: khue
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoef
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰue⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰue³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰue⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰue⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰue⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: khwoj

Rime
Character	魁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦回切
Baxter	khwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰuʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰuoi/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwəj/
Li Rong	/kʰuᴀi/
Wang Li	/kʰuɒi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰuɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fui1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤuj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰuːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	魁	魁	魁
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kuí	kuí	kuí
Middle Chinese	‹ khwoj ›	‹ khwoj ›	‹ khwoj ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁuj/	/*[kʰ]ˁuj/	/*[kʰ]ˁuj/
English	great; principal; chief	spoon	mound
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	魁
Reading #	1/1
No.	4663
Phonetic component	鬼
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	恢
Old Chinese	/*kʰuːl/

Definitions

魁

1. first; leading; best
2. chief; leader; head
3. tall and big; imposing; stalwart
4. outstanding; prominent; exceptional
5. (literary) soup ladle; dipper; spoon
6. (literary, astronomy) Dubhe (the first star in the Big Dipper, farthest from the handle)
   1. (literary, astronomy) the four stars comprising the bowl of the Big Dipper
7. (obsolete) mound; small hill
8. (obsolete) blood clam
9. a surname

Compounds

• 五魁
• 六陽魁首／六阳魁首
• 占花魁
• 名魁虎榜
• 大魁
• 奪魁／夺魁 (duókuí)
• 廷魁
• 律魁
• 文章魁首
• 斗魁
• 活捉王魁
• 渠魁 (qúkuí)
• 獨占花魁
• 盜魁／盗魁
• 禍首罪魁／祸首罪魁
• 經魁／经魁
• 罪魁 (zuìkuí)
• 罪魁禍首／罪魁祸首 (zuìkuíhuòshǒu)
• 花魁 (huākuí)
• 花魁娘子
• 馮魁／冯魁
• 魁偉／魁伟 (kuíwěi)
• 魁北克 (Kuíběikè)
• 魁堆
• 魁壘／魁垒 (kuílěi)
• 魁士
• 魁宿
• 魁岸
• 魁手
• 魁星
• 魁柄
• 魁梧 (kuíwú)
• 魁梧奇偉／魁梧奇伟
• 魁然
• 魁甲
• 魁頭／魁头 (kuítóu)
• 魁首 (kuíshǒu)
• 黨魁／党魁 (dǎngkuí)

 

References

• “魁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kuài (kuai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄞˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuài
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuài
    • Wade–Giles: kʻuai⁴
    • Yale: kwài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuay
    • Palladius: куай (kuaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/

Definitions

魁

1. ^† Alternative form of 塊／块 (kuài, “alone; solitary”)

   • 志乎期費者，唯賈人也，人見其跂，猶之魁然。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     志乎期费者，唯贾人也，人见其跂，犹之魁然。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Zhì hū qī fèi zhě, wéi gǔrén yě, rén jiàn qí qí, yóu zhī kuài rán. [Pinyin]

     He whose will is set on extensive acquisition is but a trafficker; others see how he stands on tiptoe, while he thinks that he appears solidly solitary thus.

   • 今世之處士，魁然無徒，廓然獨居。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     今世之处士，魁然无徒，廓然独居。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE

     Jīnshì zhī chùshì, kuài rán wú tú, kuò rán dújū. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Compounds

• 魁然 (kuàirán)

 

Pronunciation 3

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khe

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khe
    • Tâi-lô: khe
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qef
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰe⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰe³³/

Definitions

魁

1. (Hokkien) Used in 魁頭／魁头 (khe-thâu).

Japanese

Kanji

魁

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. One who charges ahead of others
2. leader, forerunner

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: かい (kai)^{←くわい (kwai, historical)}
• Kun: かしら (kashira, 魁)、さきがけ (sakigake, 魁)

Korean

Hanja

魁 (eum 괴 (goe))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

魁: Hán Nôm readings: khôi

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.