革

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 堇, and ䷰
革 U+9769, 革
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9769
← 靨
[U+9768] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 靪 →
[U+976A]
⾰ U+2FB0, ⾰
KANGXI RADICAL LEATHER
← ⾯
[U+2FAF] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾱ →
[U+2FB1]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]
See images of
Radical 177 革

革 (Kangxi radical 177, 革+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿中十 (TLJ), four-corner 44506, composition ⿱廿⿻中一)

  1. Kangxi radical #177, ⾰.

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1385, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42710
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1899, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4325, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9769

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 革
alternative forms 𠦶
䪂
𩎎

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 革
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (革) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
革 *krɯːɡ
諽 *krɯːɡ, *kʰrɯːɡ
緙 *kʰrɯːɡ
鞂 *kriːd

Pictogram (象形) – a stretched animal hide: the upper is head, the bottom is the tail and legs. The hands 臼 around the hide were briefly added later.

Compare 皮 (pí), which also features a hide.

Etymology 1

[edit]

Appears to be related to 殼 (OC *kʰroːɡ, “shell, husk”); see there for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note: gaap3 - variant.
Note:
  • 4kaq - colloquial;
  • 4keq - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 革
Mandarin Beijing /kɤ³⁵/
Harbin /kɤ²¹³/
Tianjin /kɤ⁴⁵/
Jinan /kə²¹³/
Qingdao /kə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /kɤ²⁴/
Xi'an /kei²¹/
Xining /kɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ka¹³/
/kə¹³/
Lanzhou /kə¹³/
Ürümqi /kɤ²¹³/
/kei⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /ke³¹/
Guiyang /kɛ²¹/
Kunming /kə³¹/
Nanjing /kəʔ⁵/
Hefei /kɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /kaʔ²/
Pingyao /kʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /kaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /kəʔ⁵/
Suzhou /kəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /kɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /ka²¹³/
Hui Shexian /kʰɛʔ²¹/
Tunxi /ka⁵/
Xiang Changsha /kə²⁴/
Xiangtan /kæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /kiɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ket̚¹/
Taoyuan /ket̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kap̚³/
Nanning /kak̚³³/
Hong Kong /kak̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kaiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kek̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kek̚⁵/
/kɔk̚⁵/
Rime
Character 革
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 麥 (119)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古核切
Baxter keak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠɛk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚæk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɐk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəɨjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/kɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/kæk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kæk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ge
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 革 革
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gé gé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kɛk › ‹ kɛk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁrək/ /*kˁrək/
English hide, skin change (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 革
Reading # 1/1
No. 3835
Phonetic
component 		革
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		隔
Old
Chinese 		/*krɯːɡ/

Definitions

[edit]

革

  1. leather; animal hide
  2. (historical) leather armour and weaponry
  3. (historical) ornament on the front of the cart
  4. † Alternative form of 勒 (“headstall”)
  5. to change; to alter; to reform
  6. to remove; to expel
    革職／革职  ―  gézhí  ―  to dismiss; to remove from office
    革扯 [Cantonese]  ―  gaak3 ce2 [Jyutping]  ―  to fire; to dismiss; to remove from office
    伊偷提廠內的物件，予廠的共伊革出去。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    伊偷提厂内的物件，予厂的共伊革出去。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    I thau-the̍h chhiúⁿ lāi ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ, hō͘ chhiúⁿ ê kā i kek chhut-khì. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    He stole things inside the factory, making the factory fire him.
  7. 49th hexagram of the I Ching
  8. a surname

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

革

  1. † Alternative form of 亟 (“terminally ill; critical”)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
革

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. leather; animal hide; pelt
  2. become serious
  3. change; alter

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]
Kanji in this term
革
かわ
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Specialization of 皮(かわ) (kawa, “skin”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

革(かわ) • (kawa) ←かは (kafa)?

  1. leather
    革(かわ)の表(ひょう)紙(し)
    kawa no hyōshi
    leather book cover

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

革 • (hyeok, geuk) (hangeul 혁, 극, revised hyeok, geuk, McCune–Reischauer hyŏk, kŭk, Yale hyek, kuk)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

革: Hán Nôm readings: cách

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=革&oldid=82544505"