退

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退 U+9000, 退
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9000
← 迿
[U+8FFF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 送 →
[U+9001]

Translingual

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Han character

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退 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜日女 (YAV), four-corner 37303, composition ⿺辶艮)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1256, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38839
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1740, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3834, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+9000

Chinese

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trad. 退
simp. # 退
alternative forms 𨓤
𢓴
𢓇

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 退
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (退) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
腿 *n̥ʰuːlʔ
退 *n̥ʰuːbs
褪 *n̥ʰuːns

In oracle bone script, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 皀 (“food vessel”) + 夊 (“downward foot”) – to leave the table after eating. Variants that depicted the vessel as 酉 or 豆 were common. Bronze inscriptions added 彳 to emphasize the action of walking away.

In the modern form the vessel 皀 has simplified to the unrelated 艮, similar to ⾷, 即, 既, 郷.

Shuowen misinterprets the seal script form as ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 彳 (“move”) + 夊 (“walk”) + 日 (“sun”) – to walk away from the sun, to retreat.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
    • thè/thèr - vernacular;
    • thòe - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 退
Mandarin Beijing /tʰuei⁵¹/
Harbin /tʰuei⁵³/
Tianjin /tʰuei⁵³/
Jinan /tʰuei²¹/
Qingdao /tʰue⁴²/
Zhengzhou /tʰuei³¹²/
Xi'an /tʰuei⁴⁴/
Xining /tʰuɨ²¹³/
Yinchuan /tʰuei¹³/
Lanzhou /tʰuei¹³/
Ürümqi /tʰuei²¹³/
Wuhan /tʰei³⁵/
Chengdu /tʰuei¹³/
Guiyang /tʰuei²¹³/
Kunming /tʰuei²¹²/
Nanjing /tʰuəi⁴⁴/
Hefei /tʰe⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰuei⁴⁵/
Pingyao /tʰuæ³⁵/
Hohhot /tʰuei⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /tʰe³⁵/
Suzhou /tʰe̞⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /tʰui⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /tʰai⁴²/
Hui Shexian /tʰɛ³²⁴/
Tunxi /tʰə⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /tʰei⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /tʰəi⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /tʰui²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /tʰui⁵³/
Taoyuan /tʰui⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰøy³³/
Nanning /tʰui³³/
Hong Kong /tʰøy³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tʰui²¹/
/tʰe²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tʰɔy²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /to³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /tʰo²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hui³⁵/
/he³⁵/
Rime
Character 退
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他内切
Baxter thwojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰuʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰuoiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰuɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰwəjH/
Li
Rong 		/tʰuᴀiH/
Wang
Li 		/tʰuɒiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tʰuɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tuì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		teoi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 退
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tuì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thwojH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*n̥ˁ[u]p-s/
English withdraw (≠ advance)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 退
Reading # 1/1
No. 12536
Phonetic
component 		退
Rime
group 		內
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*n̥ʰuːbs/
Notes 由說文從彳從日夊隸變，
或從彳內聲

Definitions

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退

  1. to step back; to move backwards
  2. to withdraw; to leave
  3. to cause to move backward
  4. to recede; to fade; to ebb
  5. to return (a purchase, etc.); to refund
  6. to cancel; to call off

Synonyms

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  • (to withdraw):
edit
  • (to return):
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  • (to cancel):
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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “to step back”): 進／进 (jìn)

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Thai: ถอย (tɔ̌i)

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 退
Kyūjitai
[1]
退󠄁
退+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
退󠄃
退+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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退

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. retreat, withdraw
  2. cause to retreat or withdraw: to drive out

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  1. ^ “退”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

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Hanja

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退 • (toe) (hangeul 퇴, revised toe, McCune–Reischauer t'oe, Yale thoy)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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退: Hán Nôm readings: thoái, thói, thối, thủi, thui, thúi, thụi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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