君

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君 U+541B, 君
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-541B
← 吚
[U+541A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吜 →
[U+541C]

Translingual

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Han character

[edit]

君 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸大口 (SKR), four-corner 17607, composition ⿸尹口)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 177, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3323
  • Dae Jaweon: page 394, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 595, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+541B

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 君
alternative forms 𠺞
𠁈
𠱩
𠱭
𠱰

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 君
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (君) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涒 *l̥ʰuːn
麏 *krun
莙 *krun, *ɡrunʔ, *klun
輑 *kʰrun
蜠 *kʰrun, *ɡrunʔ
峮 *kʰrun
窘 *ɡrunʔ
僒 *ɡrunʔ
君 *klun
桾 *klun
宭 *klun, *ɡlun
鮶 *klun
捃 *kluns
群 *ɡlun
羣 *ɡlun
裙 *ɡlun
裠 *ɡlun
帬 *ɡlun
焄 *qʰlun
郡 *ɡluns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klun) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “(hand holding a rod) to administer”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). In the oracle bones and early Zhou bronze inscriptions, 君 (jūn) was often interchanged with 尹. Shuowen suggests that 口 represents commands, but it may simply be decorative.

Etymology

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Unknown. Here are several possibilities:

The ACG sense is an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 君 (-kun), which is in turn from Chinese.

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 君
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕyn⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕyn²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕyẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕyə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕyn²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕyẽ²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕyə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕyŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕỹn³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕyŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡ɕyn³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕyn²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕyəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕyŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕỹŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕyŋ⁵³/
/t͡ɕioŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡ɕyən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sz̩ʷen³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕoŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕyʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕyan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕyn³³/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕyn³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕyn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kiun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɐn⁵³/
Nanning /kʷɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kwɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kun⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kuŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kin²³/
/kun²³/
Rime
Character 君
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 文 (59)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 舉云切
Baxter kjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨun/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kiun/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kun/
Li
Rong 		/kiuən/
Wang
Li 		/kĭuən/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ki̯uən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jūn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 君
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jūn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjun ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.qur/
English lord; ruler

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 君
Reading # 1/1
No. 7289
Phonetic
component 		君
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		君
Old
Chinese 		/*klun/

Definitions

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君

  1. sovereign; monarch; ruler; chief; prince; lord
    一國之君／一国之君  ―  yīguó zhī jūn  ―  the ruler of a country
  2. (historical) An honorific title: lord
  3. (literary, honorific) you; your (referring to a male)
  4. A polite form of address used among couples.
  5. to dominate; to reign
  6. (ACG, Internet slang) -kun
  7. (ACG, Internet slang) Affectionate name suffix.
    字幕君  ―  zìmùjūn  ―  fansubber
  8. a surname: Jun

Synonyms

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  • (you):
Dialectal synonyms of 你 (“you (singular)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 汝, 爾, 乃, 而, 若, 伊, 子, 君 †, 卿 †
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 你, 您 †, 閣下 †, 臺端
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 你, 您 †, 您老人家 †
Taiwan 你, 您 †
Chengde 你, 您老人家 †
Ulanhot 你
Tongliao 你
Chifeng 你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Heihe 你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Qiqihar 你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Harbin 你, 您 †, 你老人家 †, 你老 †
Jiamusi 你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Baicheng 你, 你老 †, 你老人家 †
Changchun 你, 你老 †
Tonghua 你, 你老 †
Shenyang 你, 您 †, 你老人家 †, 你老 †
Jinzhou 你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Malaysia 你, 您 †
Singapore 你, 您 †
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 你
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 你, 你了 †
Tangshan 你, 你老 †
Cangzhou 你, 你老 †
Baoding 你, 你老 †
Shijiazhuang 你, 你家 †
Lijin 你, 恁 †, 恁老人家 †
Weifang (Weicheng) 你
Weifang (Fangzi) 你
Changle 你
Shouguang 你
Wulian 你
Jinan 你, 你老人家 †
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 你, 你老 †
Dandong 你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Yantai 你
Yantai (Muping) 你
Qingdao 你
Weifang (Hanting) 你
Changyi 你
Gaomi 你, 恁
Zhucheng 你, 恁
Anqiu 你
Linqu 你, 恁
Qingzhou 你
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 你
Lingbao 你
Wanrong 你
Linfen 你
Shangqiu 你, 恁 †, 恁老人家 †
Yuanyang 你, 你老 †
Zhengzhou 你, 你老人家 †
Xinyang 你, 你老人家 †
Baihe 你, 你老兒 †
Xi'an 你, 你老人家 †
Dingbian 你
Baoji 你, 你老人家 †
Tianshui 你, 你老人家 †
Xining 你, 喬, 你老人家 †
Yanqi 你
Xuzhou 恁, 你, 你老人家 †
Pizhou 恁, 你
Lianyungang (Ganyu) 你
Donghai 你
Fuyang 你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 你
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 你, 你老人家 †
Bayanhot 你, 您 †
Lanzhou 你
Hami 你, 您 †, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Ürümqi 你, 你老人家 †
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 你, 你老人家 †
Nanchong 你, 你老人家 †
Dazhou 你, 你老人家 †
Hanyuan 你, 你老人家 †
Xichang 你, 你老 †
Zigong 你, 你老人家 †
Chongqing 你, 你老人家 †
Wuhan 你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Yichang 你, 你家 †, 老人家 †, 你老人家 †
Xiangyang 你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Tianmen 你, 您哪 †, 你老人家 †
Guiyang 你, 你老人家 †
Zunyi 你, 你老人家 †
Bijie 你
Liping 你, 您 †
Zhaotong 你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Dali 你, 你家 †
Kunming 你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Mengzi 你, 你老人家 †
Guilin 你, 你老人家 †
Liuzhou 你, 你老人家 †
Nanning (Xiakuojie) 你
Nanning (Fujian) 你
Nanning (Wuming) 你
Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming) 你
Binyang (Nanjie) 你
Jishou 你
Changde 你, 你家 †
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 你
Hanzhong 你
Dagudi (Maliba) 你
Reshuitang (Longling) 你
Mae Salong (Lancang) 你
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 你
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 你, 你老人家 †
Yangzhou 你, 你老人家 †
Baoying 你
Taizhou 你
Zhenjiang 你
Lianyungang 你, 你老人家 †
Huai'an (Huaiyin) 你, 您兒 †
Lianshui 你
Xuyi 你
Xinghua 你
Nantong 你, 你老人家 †
Rugao 你
Yancheng 你
Funing 你
Sihong 你
Anqing 你, 你老人家 †
Wuhu 你, 你老人家 †
Hefei 你, 你老人家 †
Hong'an 你, 你老人家 †
Mandarin Qinzhou (Longmengang) 你
Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) 你
Cantonese Guangzhou 你
Hong Kong 你
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 你
Hong Kong (Shek Pik Weitou) 你
Macau 你
Guangzhou (Panyu) 你
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 你
Guangzhou (Conghua) 你
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 你
Foshan 你
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 你
Foshan (Shunde) 你
Foshan (Sanshui) 你
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 你
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 你
Zhongshan (Huancheng) 你
Zhongshan (Nanlang) 你
Zhongshan (Xiaolan) 你
Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan) 你
Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan) 你
Zhongshan (Henglan) 你
Zhongshan (Dongfeng) 你
Zhongshan (Nantou) 你
Zhongshan (Fusha) 你
Zhongshan (Shalang) 你
Zhongshan (Gangkou) 你
Zhongshan (Huangpu) 你
Zhongshan (Sanjiao) 你
Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong) 你
Zhongshan (Minzhong) 你
Zhongshan (Guzhen) 你
Zhongshan (Banfu) 你
Zhongshan (Tanzhou) 你
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 你
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 你
Zhuhai (Doumen) 你
Jiangmen (Baisha) 你
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 你
Taishan 你
Kaiping (Chikan) 你
Enping (Niujiang) 你
Heshan (Yayao) 你
Maoming (Beixipo, Dianbai; Malan) 你
Maoming (Bengtangque, Dianbai; Malan) 你
Maoming (Mianhuadi, Dianbai; Malan) 你
Maoming (Shanzuipo, Dianbai; Malan) 你
Maoming (Binglanghua, Dianbai; Malan) 你
Dongguan 你
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 你
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 你
Shenzhen (Pingdong, Longgang; Shehua) 你
Shenzhen (Pingshan Zhanmi) 你
Qingyuan 你
Fogang 你
Yingde (Hanguang) 你
Yangshan 你
Lianshan (Butian) 你
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 你
Shaoguan 你
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 你
Renhua 你
Lechang 你
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 你
Sihui 你
Guangning 你
Deqing 你
Huaiji 你
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 你
Yunfu 你
Xinxing 你
Luoding 你
Yunan (Pingtai) 你
Yangjiang 你
Xinyi 你
Lianjiang 你
Nanning 你
Baise 你
Qinzhou 你
Beihai 你
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 你
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 你
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 你
Danzhou 你
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 你
Penang (Guangfu) 你
Singapore (Guangfu) 你
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 你
Móng Cái 你
Gan Nanchang 爾, 恁
Nanchang (Wangcheng) 恁
Anyi 爾仂
Lushan 爾
Pengze 爾
Duchang 爾, 爾儂
Wuning (Quankou) 恁
Poyang 你
Yugan 你, 你郎
Wannian 你
Hengfeng 爾, 爾仂
Yanshan 爾, 爾仂
Leping 你
Yichun 你
Yifeng 爾
Gao'an 爾
Fengxin 你
Shanggao 爾
Wanzai 爾
Fengcheng 你
Xinyu 你
Fuzhou (Shangdundu) 你
Fuzhou (Dongxiang) 爾仂
Nancheng 恁
Nanfeng 你仂, 你
Yihuang 恁
Lichuan 汝
Chongren 爾
Pingxiang 恨, 你
Lianhua 你
Ji'an 你
Yongfeng 恁
Taihe 你
Xiajiang 你
Yongxin 你
Yingtan (Yujiang) 爾
Guixi 爾, 爾仂
Jianning 你
Jinxian 恁, 爾
Jinxi 恁
Le'an 你
Guangchang 你
Anfu 你
Suichuan 你
Wan'an 你
Jing'an 爾
Zhangshu 你
Xingan 你
Fenyi 你
Hakka Meixian 你
Xingning 你
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 你
Huiyang 你
Huidong (Daling) 你
Dongguan (Qingxi) 你
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 你
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 你
Wuhua (Huacheng) 你
Heyuan (Bendihua) 你
Nanxiong (Zhuji) 你
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 你
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 你
Liannan 你
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 你
Jiexi 你
Changting 你
Shanghang 汝
Longyan (Yongding) 汝
Wuping 你
Wuping (Pingyu) 你
Liancheng 你
Ninghua 你
Qingliu 你
Yudu 你
Ningdu 恁
Ruijin 你
Shicheng 你
Shangyou (Shexi) 你
Ganzhou (Nankang) 你
Dayu 你
Dingnan 你
Longnan 你
Xunwu 爾
Huichang 恨, 爾
Chongyi 你
Xingguo 你
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 你
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 你
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 你
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 你
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 你
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 你
Hong Kong 你
Luchuan 你
Bobai (Shahe) 你
Bobai (Longtan) 你
Bobai (Lingping) 你
Bobai (Lingjiao) 你
Sabah (Longchuan) 你
Senai (Huiyang) 你
Kuching (Hepo) 你
Singkawang 你
Singapore (Dabu) 你
Bangkok (Meixian) 你
Huizhou Jixi 爾, 爾仂
Shexian 爾, 你, 你老人家 †
Huangshan (Tunxi) 爾, 爾仂
Wuyuan 爾
Fuliang 爾
Dexing 爾
Chun'an (Qiandaohu) 爾
Jiande (Meicheng) 爾
Jiande (Shouchang) 曾, 曾儂
Jin Taiyuan 你, 你家 †
Yangyuan 你, 您 †, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Datong 你, 您兒 †
Xinzhou 你, 你吶 †
Lüliang (Lishi) 你, 你老兒家 †
Changzhi 你
Taibus (Baochang) 你, 您 †
Linhe 你, 您 †, 你老兒家 †
Jining 你, 您 †, 你家 †
Hohhot 你, 您 †, 您老兒家 †
Baotou 你, 您 †
Dongsheng 你, 您 †
Haibowan 你, 您 †
Erenhot 你, 您兒 †
Pingshan 你
Zhangjiakou 你, 您 †, 你老 †
Handan 你, 你老人家 †
Linzhou 你
Suide 你
Northern Min Jian'ou 你
Jian'ou (Dikou) 你
Songxi 你
Zhenghe 你
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 汝
Jianyang 你
Wuyishan 你
Pucheng (Shibei) 你
Eastern Min Fuzhou 汝
Fuzhou (Changle) 汝
Lianjiang 汝
Fuqing 汝
Pingtan 汝
Yongtai 汝
Minqing 汝
Gutian 汝
Pingnan 汝
Luoyuan 汝
Fu'an 汝
Ningde 汝
Xiapu 汝
Zherong 汝
Shouning 汝
Zhouning 汝
Fuding 汝
Matsu 汝
Taishun 爾
Cangnan 爾
Singapore (Fuqing) 汝
Sitiawan (Gutian) 汝
Southern Min Xiamen 汝
Xiamen (Tong'an) 汝
Quanzhou 汝
Jinjiang 汝
Nan'an 汝
Shishi 汝
Hui'an 汝
Anxi 汝
Yongchun 汝
Dehua 汝
Zhangzhou 汝
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 汝
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 汝
Hua'an 汝
Nanjing 汝
Pinghe 汝
Zhangpu 汝
Yunxiao 汝
Zhao'an 汝
Dongshan 汝
Taipei 汝
New Taipei (Sanxia) 汝
Kaohsiung 汝
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 汝
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 汝
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 汝
Yilan 汝
Changhua (Lukang) 汝
Taichung 汝
Taichung (Wuqi) 汝
Tainan 汝
Taitung 汝
Hsinchu 汝
Kinmen 汝
Penghu (Magong) 汝
Penang (Hokkien) 汝
Singapore (Hokkien) 汝
Manila (Hokkien) 汝
Medan (Hokkien) 汝
Longyan 汝
Zhangping 汝
Datian 汝
Guilin (Biyange) 汝
Chaozhou 汝
Shantou 汝
Shantou (Chaoyang) 汝
Jieyang 汝
Haifeng 汝
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 汝
Singapore (Teochew) 汝
Batam (Teochew) 汝
Pontianak (Teochew) 汝
Leizhou 汝
Wenchang 汝
Haikou 汝
Singapore (Hainanese) 汝
Puxian Min Putian 汝
Xianyou 汝
Central Min Yong'an 你
Sanming (Sanyuan) 你
Sanming (Shaxian) 你
Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 你
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 𫣴
Guangze 𫣴
Mingxi 你
Shunchang 你
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 汝
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 汝
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 你
Shehua Fu'an 你
Fuding 你
Luoyuan 你
Sanming 你
Shunchang 你
Hua'an 你
Guixi (Zhangping) 你
Cangnan 你
Jingning (Hexi) 你
Lishui 你
Longyou 你
Chaozhou 你
Fengshun 你
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 你
Wu Shanghai 儂
Shanghai (Songjiang) 是奴
Shanghai (Jiading) 儂, 甚, 恆儂
Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) 儂
Shanghai (Chongming) 爾
Suzhou 倷
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 㑚
Wuxi 你
Changshu 儂
Kunshan 能
Nantong (Haimen) 你
Jiaxing 你
Jiashan 你
Pinghu 爾儂
Haining (Yanguan) 儂, 你
Tongxiang 儂
Haiyan 你
Changzhou 你
Danyang 爾
Nanjing (Gaochun) 你
Huzhou 是爾
Changxing 是爾
Anji 爾
Deqing 爾
Hangzhou 你
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 儂, 是儂, 爾, 是爾
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 儂, 是儂
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 儂, 你, 爾, 是爾
Hangzhou (Xiaoshan) 爾
Tonglu 你, 是你
Shaoxing 諾
Zhuji 你
Shengzhou 儂
Xinchang 爾, 奶
Ningbo 諾, 爾, 爾諾
Ningbo (Zhenhai) 諾
Ningbo (Fenghua) 儂, 爾
Yuyao 儂
Cixi 儂
Xiangshan 爾, 像爾
Ninghai 爾, 爾儂
Zhoushan 儂
Taizhou (Huangyan) 爾
Tiantai 爾
Xianju 爾
Sanmen 爾
Linhai 爾
Wenling 爾
Wenzhou 你
Yueqing 你
Yongjia (Fenglin) 你
Pingyang 你
Taishun 你
Wencheng 你
Lishui 你
Qingtian 你
Jinyun 你, 定你
Wuyi (Liucheng) 爾
Songyang (Xiping) 你
Yunhe 你
Jingning 你
Qingyuan 你
Longquan 你
Quzhou 你
Suichang 你
Jiangshan 你
Changshan 爾
Kaihua 你
Longyou 你, 你儂
Jinhua 儂
Jinhua (Tangxi) 爾, 爾儂
Yiwu 儂
Yongkang 爾
Pujiang 爾
Dongyang 爾
Wuyi 儂
Lanxi 爾, 爾儂
Shangrao 爾儂
Shangrao (Guangfeng) 爾
Yushan 恁
Xiang Changsha 你
Xiangtan 你
Loudi 你
Shuangfeng 你
Note †: honorific
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  • (ACG) 桑 (sāng, “-san”), 醬／酱 (jiàng, “-chan”), 炭 (tàn, “-tan”), 樣／样 (yàng, “-sama”)

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (君):
  • → Japanese: 君(くん) (kun)
  • → Korean: 군(君) (gun)
  • → Vietnamese: quân (君)

Japanese

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Kanji

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君

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. king, lord, ruler
  2. person of high rank
  3. form of address to fellow colleagues or inferiors

Readings

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  • Go-on: くん (kun, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: くん (kun, Jōyō)
  • Kun: きみ (kimi, 君, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: きん (kin)、すえ (sue)、なお (nao)、よし (yoshi)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
君
きみ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
公 (uncommon)

⟨ki1mi1⟩ → */kʲimʲi/ → /kimi/

From Old Japanese. Possibly a borrowing from the Sillan word for king, written with the character 今 (kum).[1] The same morpheme survives in the second syllable of the Modern Korean word 임금 (imgeum).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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君(きみ) • (kimi) 

  1. a ruler of a country
    1. an emperor
      Synonyms: 天子 (tenshi), 天皇 (tennō)
    2. a lord
    Antonym: 臣 (omi)
  2. a master
    Synonyms: 主君 (shukun), 主人 (shujin)
  3. a nobleman or other person of high(er) rank
  4. (historical, archaic) a prostitute
  5. (historical) one of the hereditary titles bestowed to local chiefs in ancient Japan
Derived terms
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Pronoun

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君(きみ) or 君(キミ) • (kimi) 

  1. (informal, chiefly men's speech) second-person personal pronoun: you, thou
    • 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 12, poem 669; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 50)
      君(きみ)がため惜(を)しからざりし命(いのち)さへ長(なが)くもがなと思(おも)ひけるかな
      kimi ga tama oshikarazarishi inochi sae nagaku mogana to omoikeru kana
      I thought I would give up my life to hold you in my arms, but after a night together, I find myself wishing that I could live for ever.[4]
    • 2000 September 18, Inokuma, Shinobu, “ＰＡＲＴ(パート)１(いち)　雨(あめ)のち… [Part 1: After the Rain…]”, in SALAD(サラダ) DAYS(デイズ) [Salad Days], volume 11 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 110:
      俺(おれ)は別(べつ)にいいけど…キミ、学(がっ)校(こう)で「知(し)らない人(ひと)について行(い)っちゃダメ」とか、教(おそ)わんなかった？
      Ore wa betsu ni ii kedo… Kimi, gakkō de “shiranai hito ni tsuite itcha dame” to ka, osowan nakatta?
      Fine by me… But haven’t you been taught at school that “you shouldn’t go anywhere with strangers”?
    • 2005 November 9, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン)ファイナル [Armed Alchemy: The Final Act]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 9, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
      来(く)るぞ　カズキ！手(て)を放(はな)すな！キミと私(わたし)は一(いっ)心(しん)同(どう)体(たい)　キミが死(し)ぬ時(とき)が私(わたし)が死(し)ぬ時(とき)だ！
      Kuru zo Kazuki! Te o hanasu na! Kimi to watashi wa isshin dōtai Kimi ga shinu toki ga watashi ga shinu toki da!
      Incoming, Kazuki! Don’t let go! You and me, together as one. When you die, I die!
    1. (after a が (ga) or の (no) particle) term of respect to another person
Usage notes
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  • When used in lyrics and poetry, this word is considered less colloquial and more poetic than in spoken language.

Etymology 2

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The kimi changes to gimi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Suffix

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君(ぎみ) • (-gimi) 

  1. indicates respect
    父(ちち)君(ぎみ)
    chichi-gimi
    your father
Usage notes
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  • There is no direct translation in English – as with other Japanese honorifics, it might roughly correspond to dear, as in “your dear father”.
  • Respectful suffixes also serve to indicate whose relative is in question: rather than “my father” and “your father”, one would say 父 (chichi, “father”) and 父君 (chichi-gimi, “dear father”).
  • Used of nobles. Attaches to close family relationship nouns such as 母 (haha, “mother”), 姉 (ane, “sister”), 姫 (hime, “daughter of a noble family, princess”).
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
君
くん
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 君 (MC kjun).

Suffix

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君(くん) • (-kun) 

  1. suffix for boys' names
  2. indicates respect
    • 1999 January 7, Kenshi Hirokane, “議その166　「決戦投票」 [Debate 166: ‘Final Vote’]”, in 加治隆介の議 [Kaji Ryūsuke’s Debates], volume 20 (fiction), Tōkyō: Kōdansha, →ISBN, page 43:
      発表致します　平原和正君　二五一票　鈴鹿宏君　二二七票　白票　二二票
      Happyō itashimasu Hirahara Kazumasa-kun nihyakugojūippō Suzuka Hiroshi-kun nihyakunijūnanahyō Hakuhyō nijūnihyō
      Announcement. Mr. Hirahara Kazumasa: 251 votes. Mr. Suzuka Hiroshi: 227 votes. Blanks: 22 votes.
  3. indicates familiarity
Usage notes
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-kun is often used as a suffix when calling someone. The listener is lower or the same level in social position and is often, but not always, male.

Descendants
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  • → English: -kun
  • → Chinese:
    → Mandarin: 君 (jūn)

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
君
きんじ
Grade: 3

/kimud͡ʑi/ → /kind͡ʑi/

Shift from older きむぢ (kimudi → kimuji).[5]

Pronoun

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君(きんじ) • (kinji) ←きんぢ (kindi)?

  1. second person personal pronoun: you
    • 970–999, Utsubo Monogatari:
      (Fukiage, ge)[6]
      きんぢ、この手を傳へ施す物ならば、この世になからん世なりとも、訪ひ守らん。
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 970–999, Utsubo Monogatari:
      (Kurabiraki, jō)[7]
      「[...] ある時は「きんぢがつたなく吾を人気なくハ生み出したる」とさへぞの給フや」
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 970–999, Utsubo Monogatari:
      (Kuniyuzuri, jō)[8]
      喜びて、見給ヒて、聲を放ちて「我が親の今々とし給ひしまで「我はきんぢを思ふにぞ黄泉もえ往くまじき。[...]」」
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Ki-Moon, Lee, Ramsey, S. Robert (2011) A History of the Korean Language‎[1], page 59
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Peter MacMillan, translator (2018) One Hundred Poets, One Poem Each: A Treasury of Classical Japanese Verse, Penguin UK, →ISBN
  5. ^ “きんじ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  6. ^ Kōno, Tama (c. 970–999) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 10: Utsubo Monogatari 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1959, →ISBN.
  7. ^ Kōno, Tama (1961) [circa 970-999] Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 11: Utsubo Monogatari 2 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  8. ^ Kōno, Tama (1962) [circa 970-999] Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 12: Utsubo Monogatari 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 君 (MC kjun).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

君 (eumhun 임금 군 (imgeum gun))

  1. hanja form? of 군 (“sovereign”)
  2. hanja form? of 군 (“young man; young sir”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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君: Hán Nôm readings: quân, vua

  1. sovereign, monarch, ruler, chief, prince

References

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