加

See also: 叻, and 另

加	U+52A0, 加 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52A0

← 功
[U+529F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

务 →
[U+52A1]

Translingual

Han character

加 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大尸口 (KSR), four-corner 4600₀, composition ⿰力口)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 146, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2297
Dae Jaweon: page 329, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 366, character 1
Unihan data for U+52A0

Chinese

simp. and trad.		加

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 加
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (加) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
妿	kaːl, qaːl
賀	*ɡaːls
迦	ka, kal, *kraːl
茄	ɡa, ɡal, *kraːl
伽	ɡa, ɡal
枷	ɡa, ɡal, *kraːl
嘉	*kraːl
加	*kraːl
笳	*kraːl
痂	*kraːl
袈	*kraːl
跏	*kraːl
珈	*kraːl
鴐	*kraːl
架	*kraːls
駕	*kraːls
瘸	*ɡʷal

Shuowen: ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 力 (“strength”) + 口 (“mouth”) — exaggerate; slander.

Sun Changxu: ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 力 (“plowing”) + 口 (“mouth”) — to put more effort. 口 here indicates exclamations or breath associated with the effort.

Etymology

駕 (OC *kraːls, “to yoke”) is the exopassive of 加 (OC *kraːl, “to add; to attach”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan ཁྲལ (khral, “to impose a tax”), Burmese ကြား (kra:, “between”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiā (jia¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gaa¹

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): gaa¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ga¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kâ

(Hailu, HRS): ga^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): ga¹
Jin (Wiktionary): jia¹
Northern Min (KCR): gá
Eastern Min (BUC): gă
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ga¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ka / ke / kee

(Teochew, Peng'im): gia¹ / gê¹

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): gia¹ / ge¹
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gaa¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ka
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jia¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiā
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jia
  - Wade–Giles: chia¹
  - Yale: jyā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jia
  - Palladius: цзя (czja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gaa¹
  - Yale: gā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ga¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: gaa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka²¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ga¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: ga^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ga¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ga^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /ka⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ga¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ka⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jia¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕia¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gá
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gă
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ga¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka⁵³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka
  - Tâi-lô: ka
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ka³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ka⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke
  - Tâi-lô: ke
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kef
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /ke⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ke³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kee
  - Tâi-lô: kee
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁴⁴/

Note:

ka - literary;
ke/kee - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gia¹ / gê¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kia / ke
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kia³³/, /ke³³/

Note:

gia1 - literary;
gê1 - vernacular.

(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: gia¹ / ge¹
- Sinological IPA: /kia³⁵/, /kɛ³⁵/

Note:

gia1 - literary;
ge1 - vernacular.

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: gaa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka⁵³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹ka
  - MiniDict: ka^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ka
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ka⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: jia¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯a̠³³/

Middle Chinese: kae

Rime
Character	加
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古牙切
Baxter	kae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ka/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨ/
Li Rong	/ka/
Wang Li	/ka/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ka/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaa¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤraj/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	加
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiā
Middle Chinese	‹ kæ ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁraj/
English	add
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	加
Reading #	1/1
No.	5873
Phonetic component	加
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	嘉
Old Chinese	/*kraːl/

Definitions

加

to put on top of another object
to add; to put in
加鹽／加盐 ― jiā yán ― to add salt
to increase; to raise
to impose; to foist; to grant
placed after a monosyllabic adverb to indicate an increase in the degree; more
(arithmetic) to add
Antonym: 減／减 (jiǎn)
(social media) to friend
掃碼加我／扫码加我 ― sǎomǎ jiā wǒ ― scan the QR code to friend me

加你微信 ― jiā nǐ Wēixìn ― to add your WeChat
Used in transcription.
加蓬 ― Jiāpéng ― Gabon

孟加拉 ― Mèngjiālā ― Bangladesh

加沙地帶／加沙地带 ― Jiāshā dìdài ― Gaza Strip

加利福尼亞／加利福尼亚 ― Jiālìfúníyà ― California

邦加羅爾／邦加罗尔 ― Bāngjiāluó'ěr ― Bengaluru

加拉加斯 ― Jiālājiāsī ― Caracas

加百列 ― Jiābǎiliè ― Archangel Gabriel

貢扎加／贡扎加 ― Gòngzhājiā ― House of Gonzaga

維加鳥科／维加鸟科 ― Wéijiā niǎokē ― Vegaviidae
1. Short for 加拿大 (Jiānádà, “Canada”).
  美加邊界／美加边界 ― Měi Jiā biānjiè ― Canada-United States border
a surname

Synonyms

(to add): 添 (tiān), (colloquial) 續／续 (xù)
(to increase):

edit

加上 (jiāshàng)
加多 (jiāduō)
加大 (jiādà)
加添 (jiātiān)
增 (zēng)
增加 (zēngjiā)
增多 (zēngduō)
增添 (zēngtiān)
增益 (zēngyì)
增長／增长 (zēngzhǎng)
廣益／广益 (guǎngyì) (literary)
施
添加 (tiānjiā)
補／补 (bǔ)
附益 (fùyì) (literary)

(to friend): (Hong Kong Cantonese) add

Compounds

不加小心
不加思索 (bùjiāsīsuǒ)
五加 (wǔjiā)
五加皮 (wǔjiāpí)
亞加狄亞／亚加狄亚
亞美利加／亚美利加 (Yàměilìjiā)
交加 (jiāojiā)
以手加額／以手加额 (yǐshǒujiā'é)
伏特加 (fútèjiā)
保加利亞／保加利亚 (Bǎojiālìyà)
冥加
冷加工
利上加利
加一 (jiāyī)
加二殷勤
加人一等
加以 (jiāyǐ)
加伏特
加依 (Jiāyī)
加侖／加仑 (jiālún)
加依提勒克 (Jiāyītílèkè)
加倍 (jiābèi)
加俸 (jiāfèng)
加倫河／加伦河
加值稅／加值税
加值網路／加值网路
加價／加价 (jiājià)
加入 (jiārù)
加冕 (jiāmiǎn)
加冠 (jiāguān)
加冠進祿／加冠进禄
加分 (jiāfēn)
加刑 (jiāxíng)
加利利 (Jiālìlì)
加利利海 (Jiālìlì Hǎi)
加利波里
加劇／加剧 (jiājù)
加力騷／加力骚
加功
加勁／加劲 (jiājìn)
加勒比海 (Jiālèbǐ Hǎi)
加哩 (jiālǐ)
加壓／加压 (jiāyā)
加官
加官晉爵／加官晋爵
加官進爵／加官进爵 (jiāguānjìnjué)
加官進祿／加官进禄
加害 (jiāhài)
加害人
加封 (jiāfēng)
加州 (Jiāzhōu)
加州大學／加州大学
加工 (jiāgōng)
加工區／加工区
加工品 (jiāgōngpǐn)
加工業／加工业 (jiāgōngyè)
加巴拉
加強／加强 (jiāqiáng)
加彭 (Jiāpéng)
加德滿都／加德满都 (Jiādémǎndū)
加快 (jiākuài)
加快腳步／加快脚步
加息 (jiāxī)
加意 (jiāyì)
加成 (jiāchéng)
加把勁／加把劲 (jiābǎjìn)
加拉干達
加持 (jiāchí)
加拿大 (Jiānádà)
加撚
加數／加数 (jiāshù)
加料 (jiāliào)
加楔兒／加楔儿
加權指數／加权指数
加權計分／加权计分
加氯量
加注 (jiāzhù)
加油 (jiāyóu)
加法 (jiāfǎ)
加泰 (Jiātài)
加油加醋
加油機／加油机
加油添醋
加油添醬／加油添酱
加油站 (jiāyóuzhàn)
加派
加添 (jiātiān)
加深 (jiāshēn)
加減／加减 (jiājiǎn)
加減乘除／加减乘除 (jiājiǎn chéngchú)
加熱／加热 (jiārè)
加爾各答／加尔各答 (Jiā'ěrgèdá)
加爾達湖／加尔达湖
加班 (jiābān)
加班車／加班车
加盟 (jiāméng)
加盟店 (jiāméngdiàn)
加碘食鹽／加碘食盐
加碼／加码 (jiāmǎ)
加笄
加簽／加签
加簽證／加签证
加級／加级
加給／加给
加緊／加紧 (jiājǐn)
加膝墜淵／加膝坠渊
加花 (jiāhuā)
加菜 (jiācài)
加菲貓／加菲猫
加菜金 (jiācàijīn)
加蓬 (Jiāpéng)
加薪 (jiāxīn)
加號／加号 (jiāhào)
加裝／加装 (jiāzhuāng)
加詞／加词
加護／加护 (jiāhù)
加護病房／加护病房 (jiāhù bìngfáng)
加足馬力／加足马力
加農炮／加农炮 (jiānóngpào)
加速 (jiāsù)
加速器 (jiāsùqì)
加速度 (jiāsùdù)
加速車道／加速车道
加里曼丹 (Jiālǐmàndān)
加重 (jiāzhòng)
加銜／加衔
加鹽兒／加盐儿
加點／加点 (jiādiǎn)
印加人
印加帝國／印加帝国
印加文明
參加／参加 (cānjiā)
可加 (kějiā)
吉格代加依 (Jígédàijiāyī)
四加行
塞內加爾／塞内加尔
塑性加工
增加 (zēngjiā)
外加 (wàijiā)
外高加索 (Wài Gāojiāsuǒ)
多明尼加 (Duōmíngníjiā)
孟加拉 (Mèngjiālā)
小加九
尼加拉瓜 (Níjiālāguā)
強加／强加
後加成分／后加成分
忙上加忙
快馬加鞭／快马加鞭 (kuàimǎjiābiān)
悲喜交加
愈加 (yùjiā)
打加官
拉多加湖 (Lāduōjiā Hú)
拳腳交加／拳脚交加
提康德羅加／提康德罗加 (Tíkāngdéluójiā)
改容加飾／改容加饰
文不加點／文不加点 (wénbùjiādiǎn)
文無加點／文无加点
新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō)
施加 (shījiā)
易加卡
星加坡 (Xīngjiāpō)
更加 (gèngjiā)
有加無已／有加无已
東加／东加 (Dōngjiā)
林加拉語／林加拉语 (Línjiālāyǔ)
東加王國／东加王国
東加群島／东加群岛
橫加／横加
泰加 (tàijiā)
油加利
泰加林 (tàijiālín)
泰加森林
涕淚交加／涕泪交加
添加 (tiānjiā)
添加物 (tiānjiāwù)
添枝加葉／添枝加叶
添油加醋 (tiānyóujiācù)
添磚加瓦／添砖加瓦 (tiānzhuānjiāwǎ)
火上加油 (huǒshàngjiāyóu)
無以復加／无以复加 (wúyǐfùjiā)
熱加工／热加工 (rèjiāgōng)
牙買加／牙买加 (Yámǎijiā)
甘加 (Gānjiā)
白眼頻加／白眼频加
盤水加劍／盘水加剑
禁加
空中加油
累加 (lěijiā)
罪上加罪
罪加一等
舉手加額／举手加额
芝加哥 (Zhījiāgē)
被加數／被加数 (bèijiāshù)
親上加親／亲上加亲
變本加厲／变本加厉 (biànběnjiālì)
貝加爾湖／贝加尔湖 (Bèijiā'ěr Hú)
跳加官
路加福音 (Lùjiā Fúyīn)
農產加工／农产加工
追加 (zhuījiā)
追加預算／追加预算
遞加／递加 (dìjiā)
附加 (fùjiā)
附加價值／附加价值
附加刑 (fùjiāxíng)
附加成分
附加稅／附加税
阿加西 (ājiāxī)
雅加達／雅加达 (Yǎjiādá)
難上加難／难上加难 (nánshàngjiānán)
雪上加霜 (xuěshàngjiāshuāng)
雷雨交加
雷電交加／雷电交加 (léidiànjiāojiā)
風雨交加／风雨交加 (fēngyǔjiāojiā)
馬齒加長／马齿加长
驚喜交加／惊喜交加
高加索 (Gāojiāsuǒ)
麥加／麦加 (Màijiā)
黃袍加身／黄袍加身 (huángpáojiāshēn)

References

“加”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

加

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

add, addition, increase
Canada

Readings

Go-on: け (ke)
Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
Kun: くわえる (kuwaeru, 加える, Jōyō)、くわわる (kuwawaru, 加わる, Jōyō)

Compounds

加(か)虐(ぎゃく) (kagyaku)
加(か)減(げん) (kagen)
- 加(か)減(げん)乗(じょう)除(じょ) (kagenjōjo)
加(か)護(ご) (kago)
加(か)工(こう) (kakō)
加(か)算(さん) (kasan)
加(か)餐(さん) (kasan)
加(か)持(じ) (kaji)
加(か)日(にち) (kanichi)
加(か)水(すい) (kasui, “addition of water”)
- 加(か)水(すい)分(ぶん)解(かい) (kasuibunkai, “hydrolysis”)
加(か)勢(せい) (kasei)
加(か)増(ぞう) (kazō)
加(か)担(たん) (katan)
加(か)点(てん) (katen)
加(か)奈(な)陀(だ) (Kanada, “Canada”)
加(か)熱(ねつ) (kanetsu)
加(か)年(ねん) (kanen, “addition of years”)
加(か)筆(ひつ) (kahitsu)
加(か)法(ほう) (kahō)
加(か)味(み) (kami)
加(か)盟(めい) (kamei)
加(か)養(よう) (kayō)
参(さん)加(か) (sanka)
添(てん)加(か) (tenka)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
加
か Grade: 4
kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) か [kà] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ka̠]

Noun

加(か) • (ka)

addition

Affix

加(か) • (ka)

addition
Short for カナダ (“Canada (a country)”).
(US) Short for 加州 (“California (a state of the United States)”).

Korean

Hanja

加 (eumhun 더할 가 (deohal ga))

hanja form^? of 가 (“to add”)

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

加: Hán Nôm readings: gia^[1], chơ^[2]

(chiefly in compounds) to increase, to add

References

[Trần_(1999)-1] Trần (1999).

[gdhn-2] Trần (2004).

[1]

[2]

加

Contents

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Descendants

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Affix

Korean

Hanja

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

References

Navigation menu

加

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Descendants

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Affix

Korean

Hanja

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

References

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