則

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See also: 则
則 U+5247, 則
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5247
← 剆
[U+5246] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 剈 →
[U+5248]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

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則 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 月金中弓 (BCLN), four-corner 62800, composition ⿰貝刂)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 139, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1994
  • Dae Jaweon: page 317, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 340, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5247

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 則
Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Shizhoupian script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (則) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
廁 *sʰrɯɡs, *sʰrɯɡ
則 *ʔsɯːɡ
賊 *zɯːɡ
鰂 *zɯːɡ
鱡 *zɯːɡ
蠈 *zɯːɡ
側 *ʔsrɯɡ
萴 *ʔsrɯɡ, *zrɯɡ
測 *sʰrɯɡ
惻 *sʰrɯɡ
崱 *zrɯɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 鼎 (“ding, a bronze cauldron for cooking or sacrificial rituals”) + 刂 (“knife”); hence, the original version is 𠟭. Perhaps its a reference to carving something (e.g., characters) with a knife on a bronze. Its original meaning was "rule; law".

鼎 was simplified to the unrelated 貝 in the Small Seal script. Compare 貞 (OC *teŋ, “to divine; righteous; firm”) (< 鼑), which underwent the same stylization.

Etymology 1

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trad. 則
simp. 则
alternative forms 𠞋
𠟔
𠟻
𠟭

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • zah4 - vernacular;
  • zeh4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 則
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sɤ³⁵/
Harbin /t͡sai²⁴/
/t͡sɤ²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sɤ⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡sə²¹³/
/t͡sei²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡sə⁴²/
/t͡se⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡sei²¹/
Xining /t͡sɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡sə¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡sə³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡sɤ⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡se³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sɛ²¹/
Kunming /t͡sə³¹/
Nanjing /t͡səʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡sɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡səʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡sʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡saʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡səʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡səʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡səʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡se²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sɛʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡sa⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sə²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡sæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡set̚¹/
Taoyuan /t͡set̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɐk̚⁵/
Nanning /t͡sɐk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sɐk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡saiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sek̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡sek̚⁵/
/t͡sɔk̚⁵/
Rime
Character 則
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 德 (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 子德切
Baxter tsok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sək̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sək̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡sək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ze
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 則 則
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zé zé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsok › ‹ tsok ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]ˁək/ /*[ts]ˁək/
English then rule, pattern

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 則
Reading # 1/1
No. 16595
Phonetic
component 		則
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		則
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsɯːɡ/

Definitions

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則

  1. rule; law; regulation
  2. standard; example
  3. to follow an example
  4. Classifier for news, writings, stories, or narratives: item
    一則寓言／一则寓言  ―  yī zé yùyán  ―  a fable
  5. conjunction used to indicate sequence of events; and
  6. conjunction used to indicate cause and effect; so; thus
  7. conjunction used to indicate contrast; but; on the other hand
  8. conjunction used between two identical or near-identical words to indicate concession; it is ... but it ...
  9. particle used as the copula
  10. particle used after numerals to list reasons

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad. 則
simp. 则
alternative forms 積／积

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from English cheque?”)

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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則

  1. (Cantonese) floor plan or layout (of buildings, especially of apartments or flats) (Classifier: 個／个 c)

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 則 – see 才 (“(Min Nan)”).
(This character is a variant form of 才).

Japanese

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Kanji

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則

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. rule, law
  2. measure, norm
  3. to follow, to conform

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
則
そく
Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 則 (MC tsok, “rule”).

Pronunciation

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Counter

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則(そく) • (-soku) 

  1. counter for rules

Noun

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則(そく) • (soku) 

  1. rule, law
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
則
のり
Grade: 5
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 則 – see the following entry.
【のり】
[noun] rule, regulation, law
[noun] norm, standard
[noun] measure, scale, ruler (measuring device)
[noun] measure, scale, size
Alternative spellings
規, 法, 矩
(This term, 則, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese.

Historical Readings
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 법즉 (Yale: pepcuk) 즉 (Yale: cuk)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

則 (eumhun 법칙(法則) 칙 (beopchik chik))

  1. hanja form? of 칙 (“rule; law; regulation”) [affix]
Compounds
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Compounds

Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese.

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 즉〮 (Yale: cúk)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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則 (eumhun 곧 즉 (got jeuk))

  1. (literary Chinese) hanja form? of 즉 (“particle in literary Chinese texts”)
Compounds
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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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則: Hán Việt readings: tắc[1][2][3][4][5], trắc[1]
則: Nôm readings: tắc[1][2][3][4][6], tấc[1][2], trắc[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of tắc (“law; regulation”).

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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