到

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到 U+5230, 到
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5230
← 刯
[U+522F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 刱 →
[U+5231]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]

到 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 一土中弓 (MGLN), four-corner 12100, composition ⿰至刂)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 138, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1950
  • Dae Jaweon: page 314, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 334, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5230

Chinese

[edit]

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 到
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (刀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
刀 *taːw
忉 *taːw
魛 *taːw
舠 *taːw
朷 *taːw, *moːɡ
叨 *tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw
倒 *taːwʔ, *taːws
到 *taːws
菿 *taːws, *rtaːwɢ
鞀 *deːw
鳭 *rteːw, *teːw
灱 *hreːw
菬 *sdew, *tjewʔ
超 *tʰew
怊 *tʰew, *tʰjew
欩 *tʰew
召 *dews, *djews
昭 *tjew
招 *tjew
鉊 *tjew
沼 *tjewʔ
照 *tjews
詔 *tjews
炤 *tjews
弨 *tʰjew, *tʰjewʔ
眧 *tʰjewʔ
韶 *djew
佋 *djew, *djewʔ
軺 *djew, *lew
玿 *djew
柖 *djew
紹 *djewʔ
袑 *djewʔ
綤 *djewʔ
邵 *djews
劭 *djews
卲 *djews
刁 *teːw
芀 *teːw, *deːw
貂 *teːw
蛁 *teːw
迢 *deːw
苕 *deːw
髫 *deːw
岧 *deːw

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːws) : semantic 至 (“to arrive”) + phonetic 刀 (OC *taːw).

Etymology 1

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 到

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
Note: dou3-2 - verbal complement indicating action completion.
Note: au1-2 - verbal complement indicating action completion.
Note:
  • dau3 - verbal complement indicating action completion;
  • dau - used after verb to indicate continued action or state.
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
    • tò/tò͘ - literary (tò͘ is rare in Xiamen);
    • tàu - vernacular (limited, e.g. 到底).
Rime
Character 到
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都導切
Baxter tawH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tawH/
Li
Rong 		/tɑuH/
Wang
Li 		/tɑuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tɑuH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dou3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 到
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dào
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tawH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁaw[k]-s/
English arrive

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 到
Reading # 1/1
No. 2115
Phonetic
component 		刀
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		到
Old
Chinese 		/*taːws/

Definitions

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到

  1. to arrive at a destination; to reach a destination; to get to
    火車到了。／火车到了。  ―  Huǒchē dào le.  ―  The train has arrived.
    「陳小明同學！」「到！」 [MSC, trad.]
    「陈小明同学！」「到！」 [MSC, simp.]
    “Chén Xiǎomíng tóngxué!” “Dào!” [Pinyin]
    "Is John Doe here?" "Present!" (scene of taking roll at a classroom)
  2. to go to; to leave for
    我到機場接你。／我到机场接你。  ―  Wǒ dào jīchǎng jiē nǐ.  ―  I'll go to the airport to pick you up.
    他到中國去了。／他到中国去了。  ―  Tā dào Zhōngguó qù le.  ―  He has gone to China.
  3. used as a verbal complement to indicate the (successful) completion of an action
    找到  ―  zhǎo dào  ―  to have found something
    做到  ―  zuò dào  ―  to have achieved something
    聽到／听到  ―  tīng dào  ―  to have heard something
    你怎麼沒有聽到我的敲門聲？ [MSC, trad.]
    你怎么没有听到我的敲门声？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ zěnme méiyǒu tīng dào wǒ de qiāomén shēng? [Pinyin]
    How did you not hear my knocking on the door?
    不管什麼事，我都辦得到。 [MSC, trad.]
    不管什么事，我都办得到。 [MSC, simp.]
    Bùguǎn shénme shì, wǒ dōu bàn de dào. [Pinyin]
    Whatever the thing is, I can accomplish it.
    搵唔搵到條鎖匙？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    揾唔揾到条锁匙？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    wan2 m4 wan2 dou3-2 tiu4 so2 si4? [Jyutping]
    Could you find the key?
    呃我唔到；呃唔到我 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    aak1 ngo5 m4 dou3-2; aak1 m4 dou3-2 ngo5 [Jyutping]
    can't fool me
  4. (Cantonese) used as a verbal complement to indicate the completion of an action, with negative sentiment
    食到條骨／食到条骨 [Cantonese]  ―  sik6 dou3-2 tiu4 gwat1 [Jyutping]  ―  find a bone in one's food
    畀人踩到隻手 [Cantonese, trad.]
    畀人踩到只手 [Cantonese, simp.]
    bei2 jan4 caai2 dou3-2 zek3 sau2 [Jyutping]
    have one's hand stepped on
  5. (dialectal) used after a verb to indicate a continued action or state
  6. (chiefly in the negative) to reach
    他體重不到五十公斤。 [MSC, trad.]
    他体重不到五十公斤。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā tǐzhòng bùdào wǔshí gōngjīn. [Pinyin]
    He weighs less than fifty kilograms.
  7. to the extent that
    佢嘈到我瞓唔著。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢嘈到我𰥛唔著。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 cou4 dou3 ngo5 fan3 m4 zoek6. [Jyutping]
    He is so noisy that I couldn't go to sleep.
  8. to
    1. to (a place)
      我最近搬到這個地區。 [MSC, trad.]
      我最近搬到这个地区。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ zuìjìn bān dào zhè ge dìqū. [Pinyin]
      I recently moved to this area.
    2. to (a time); until; up to
      這家店從9點開到18點。 [MSC, trad.]
      这家店从9点开到18点。 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhè jiā diàn cóng 9 diǎn kāi dào 18 diǎn. [Pinyin]
      This shop is open from 9 to 6 o'clock.
      我們要把假期推遲到天氣好些的時候。 [MSC, trad.]
      我们要把假期推迟到天气好些的时候。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒmen yào bǎ jiàqī tuīchí dào tiānqì hǎoxiē de shíhòu. [Pinyin]
      We shall delay our holiday until the weather is better.
    3. (from) ... to ...
      作業是第一題到第八題。 [MSC, trad.]
      作业是第一题到第八题。 [MSC, simp.]
      Zuòyè shì dì yī tí dào dì bā tí. [Pinyin]
      The homework is problems #1 to #8.
  9. (Siyi Yue, Northern Min) at; in
  10. thoughtful; considerate
Synonyms
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  • (verbal complement indicating completion):
Dialectal synonyms of 到 (“verbal complement indicating completion”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 到
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 到
Malaysia 到
Singapore 到
Cantonese Hong Kong 到
Singapore (Guangfu) 到
Southern Min Xiamen 著
Quanzhou 著
Jinjiang 著
Zhangzhou 著
Taipei 著 GT
Singapore (Hokkien) 著
Manila (Hokkien) 著
Singapore (Teochew) 著
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
  • (at):
Dialectal synonyms of 在 (“at, in”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 於
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 在
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 在, 挨, 跟, 的
Taiwan 在
Harbin 在
Malaysia 在
Singapore 在
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 在, 從
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 在
Xi'an 在
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 在
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 在
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 在
Wuhan 在
Guiyang 在
Guilin 在
Liuzhou 在
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 在
Yangzhou 在
Rugao 吖
Hefei 在
Cantonese Guangzhou 喺, 響
Hong Kong 喺, 響
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 喺, 在
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 喺, 響
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 在
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 在
Macau 喺
Guangzhou (Panyu) 喺, 響
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 響, 喺
Guangzhou (Conghua) 在
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 在
Foshan 喺, 響
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 喺, 響
Foshan (Shunde) 喺
Foshan (Sanshui) 喺
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 喺, 響
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 在
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 在
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 響, 揀
Zhuhai (Doumen) 揀
Jiangmen (Baisha) 喺
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 喺
Taishan 到, 響
Kaiping (Chikan) 到, 響
Enping (Niujiang) 到, 響
Heshan (Yayao) 響
Dongguan 響, 在, 喺
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 在
Yangjiang 在
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 喺, 響
Singapore (Guangfu) 喺
Gan Nanchang 在
Lichuan 在
Pingxiang 在
Hakka Meixian 嗨
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 在
Dongguan (Qingxi) 在
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 在
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 在
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 在
Yudu 在
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 在
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 在
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 在
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 在
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 在
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 在
Hong Kong 在
Senai (Huiyang) 在
Kuching (Hepo) 在
Singapore (Dabu) 在
Jin Taiyuan 在
Xinzhou 在
Northern Min Jian'ou 到
Eastern Min Fuzhou 著, 在, 洽
Fuqing 著, 洽
Singapore (Fuqing) 著
Southern Min Xiamen 佇, 踮, 蹛
Quanzhou 佇, 踮, 蹛
Zhangzhou 佇, 咧, 蹛
Zhao'an 佇, 蹛
Taipei 佇
New Taipei (Sanxia) 佇
Kaohsiung 佇
Yilan 佇
Changhua (Lukang) 佇
Taichung 佇
Tainan 佇, 踮, 蹛
Hsinchu 佇
Kinmen 佇
Penghu (Magong) 佇
Penang (Hokkien) 佇, 蹛
Singapore (Hokkien) 佇, 壏
Manila (Hokkien) 佇, 踮
Chaozhou 在
Shantou 在
Shantou (Chenghai) 在
Shantou (Chaoyang) 在
Jieyang 在, 壏, 放
Haifeng 著
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 在
Singapore (Teochew) 在, 壏
Leizhou 佇, 放
Wenchang 佇
Singapore (Hainanese) 佇
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 在
Wu Shanghai 垃, 垃垃, 垃拉, 垃海, 垃該, 垃浪
Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang) 垃該, 拉
Shanghai (Songjiang) 立垃, 勒嵌
Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) 垃, 垃垃
Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong) 垃該
Shanghai (Fengxian) 垃該
Shanghai (Jinshan) 有垃, 垃該
Shanghai (Qingpu) 勒拉
Shanghai (Jiading) 勒, 浪, 勒浪, 勒搭
Shanghai (Chongming) 勒勒, 勒
Suzhou 勒, 勒勒, 勒裡, 勒海, 勒浪, 勒篤
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 勒, 勒海, 勒拉, 勒浪
Wuxi 勒, 來勒, 勒娘, 勒裡
Changshu 勒笃, 勒裡, 勒海, 勒浪
Kunshan 勒, 勒浪, 勒海
Qidong 勒
Qidong (Lüsi) 在, 來, 來該
Nantong (Haimen) 勒, 勒特, 勒海, 勒勒
Haimen (Sijia) 來, 來到
Rudong 勒, 勒勒
Pinghu 勒, 勒海, 勒浪, 勒化, 來, 來海, 來浪, 來化
Haining (Xiashi) 有起霍, 有起, 有垃, 起勒, 起, 勒, 起霍
Haiyan 勒, 勒勒
Changzhou 勒, 勒蕩, 勒娘, 勒頭, 漏
Liyang 立
Changzhou (Jintan) 在, 則
Danyang 在, 則
Jingjiang 來, 勒
Jiangyin 勒, 勒勒
Nanjing (Gaochun) 來, 拉, 垃, 得, 擱
Huzhou 拉
Deqing 垃, 垃好, 來該, 來東, 拉好, 有好
Deqing (Geting) 拉
Hangzhou 勒, 勒哈, 來搭, 來東, 在
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 來, 來埭, 來同
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 勒, 勒裡, 勒帶, 勒底
Hangzhou (Xiaoshan) 來帶, 來東, 來夯, 帶, 東, 夯
Tonglu 來, 來裡, 來夯
Shaoxing 來帶, 來埭, 來東, 來同, 來夯, 帶, 埭, 東, 同, 夯
Shaoxing (Keqiao) 來帶, 來東, 來夯, 帶, 東, 夯
Zhuji 來克, 來客, 勒克, 勒客, 克, 客
Shengzhou 來, 來帶, 來東, 來夯
Xinchang 來固, 來蒙, 來頭
Ningbo 來, 來勒, 來的, 來對, 來東, 來當, 來該
Ningbo (Zhenhai) 來
Ningbo (Beilun) 來, 來該, 來的, 來對, 來當
Ningbo (Yinzhou) 立該, 來, 來的, 來該
Yuyao 來, 得, 來浪
Ninghai 來的
Zhoushan (Dinghai) 勒
Wenzhou 是
Xiang Changsha 在
Loudi 在
Shuangfeng 在

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 到
alternative forms
遘
告
至
甲
各 rare
遘
告
至
甲
各 rare
格 rare
𢓜 rare
佫 rare
徦 rare
假 rare
臵 rare
 
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Hokkien 到 (kàu) related to Hokkien 夠／够 (kàu)? as recorded together in Douglas (1873/1899)”

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

到

  1. (Min) to arrive
    伊到厝矣。 [Hokkien]  ―  I kàu chhù--ah. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  He has arrived home.
  2. (Eastern Min) used as a verbal complement to indicate the (successful) completion of an action
  3. (Hokkien, mahjong, playing cards) to complete a winning hand
  4. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 甲 (kah / kàu / á, “to; until; to the extent (Used after a verb or an adjective and before a degree complement.)”)
  5. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 甲 (kah / kàu / á, “very; really; badly”)
Synonyms
[edit]

(to complete a winning hand): 和 (hú); (Cantonese) 食糊

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
到

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. arrival
  2. proceed
  3. reach
  4. attain
  5. (archaic) result in

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)←たう (tau, historical)
  • Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)←たう (tau, historical)
  • Kun: いたる (itaru, 到る)

Compounds

[edit]

Synonyms

[edit]

Proper noun

[edit]

到(いたる) • (Itaru) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

到 (eumhun 이를 도 (ireul do))

  1. hanja form? of 도 (“arrival”)

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

到: Hán Nôm readings: đáo, đáu, tráo

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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