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Armenian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Eastern Armenian) IPA(key): /ʁə/, [ʁə]
- (Western Armenian) IPA(key): /ʁə/, [ʁə]
Audio: (file)
Letter
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ղ
ղ lowercase (uppercase Ղ)
- The 18th letter of Armenian alphabet, called ղատ (ġat).
Represents:- velarized alveolar lateral approximant: [ɫ] in Old Armenian. Transliterated as ł.
- voiced uvular fricative: [ʁ] in Eastern Armenian. Transliterated as ġ.
- voiced uvular fricative: [ʁ] in Western Armenian. Transliterated as ġ.
Usage notes
[edit]The pronunciation of this letter has changed considerably since classical Old Armenian. The oldest pronunciation was an l-like sound (hear it). Hence the spellings like Պաղեստին (Pałestin), Ղուկաս (Łukas), մետաղ (metał). It turned into [ʁ] (hear it) around the 10-11th centuries.
See also
[edit]- (The Armenian script): Աա Բբ Գգ Դդ Եե Զզ Էէ Ըը Թթ Ժժ Իի Լլ Խխ Ծծ Կկ Հհ Ձձ Ղղ Ճճ Մմ Յյ Նն Շշ Ոո Չչ Պպ Ջջ Ռռ Սս Վվ Տտ Րր Ցց Ււ Փփ Քք Օօ Ֆֆ
- (Letter combinations): ու և ﬔ ﬕ ﬓ ﬗ ﬖ
- (Dialectological): ՠ / ա̈ ա̊ ա̄ ը̂ է̀ էօ / օ̈ էօ̀ / օ̈̀ իւ / ո̈ւ գյ կյ քյ հյ բՙ դՙ գՙ ձՙ ջՙ ղՙ ֈ ʔ
- (Punctuation): ՙ ՚ ՛ ՜ ՝ ՞ ՟ ․ ։ ֊
- (Symbols): ֏ ֎ ֍
References
[edit]- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009) Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian (London Oriental and African Language Library; 14), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, § 1.1.2.2, page 18
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Letter
[edit]ղ • (ğ)
- A letter of the Armeno-Turkish script, named ղատ (ğad). Represents voiced velar plosive: [ɡ]. Transliterated as ġ.
Usage notes
[edit]This letter represents both /ɡ/ and /ɰ/, with the latter realization appearing after a vowel. For example, the word garip is written ղարիպ (ğarib), paralleling Perso-Arabic غریب (ġarib). Only used before a back vowel; i.e., before one of ա (a), ը (ı), օ (o), ու (u).