gin

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "gin"

English

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Etymology 1

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Abbreviation of geneva, alteration of Dutch genever (“juniper”) from Old French genevre (modern French genièvre), from Vulgar Latin ziniperus, from Latin iūniperus (“juniper”). Hence gin rummy (first attested 1941).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

gin (countable and uncountable, plural gins)

  2. A colourless non-aged alcoholic liquor made by distilling fermented grains such as barley, corn, oats or rye with juniper berries; the base for many cocktails.
  3. (uncountable) Gin rummy.
  4. (poker) Drawing the best card or combination of cards.
    Johnny Chan held jack-nine, and hit gin when a queen-ten-eight board was dealt out.
Derived terms
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Translations
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References
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Etymology 2

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Partly from Middle English gin, ginne (“cleverness, scheme, talent, device, machine”), from Old French gin, an aphetism of Old French engin (“engine”); and partly from Middle English grin, grine (“snare, trick, stratagem, deceit, temptation, noose, halter, instrument”), from Old English grin, gryn, giren (“snare, gin, noose”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gin (plural gins)

Setting and triggering a "gin" or foothold trap, demonstrated at the Black Country Living Museum
  1. (obsolete) A trick; a device or instrument.
  2. (obsolete) A scheme; contrivance; artifice; a figurative trap or snare.
  3. A snare or trap for game.
    • 1895, Thomas Hardy, “IV-ii”, in Jude the Obscure, London: Osgood:
      It was the cry of a rabbit caught in a gin.
  4. A machine for raising or moving heavy objects, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a windlass, pulleys, ropes, etc.
  5. (mining) A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a whim.
  6. A pile driver.
  7. A windpump.
  8. A cotton gin.
  9. An instrument of torture worked with screws.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Verb

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gin (third-person singular simple present gins, present participle ginning, simple past and past participle ginned)

  1. (transitive) To remove the seeds from cotton with a cotton gin.
  2. (transitive) To trap something in a gin.
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • → Italian: ginnare
Translations
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Etymology 3

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Inherited from Middle English ginnen (“to begin”), contraction of beginnen.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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gin (third-person singular simple present gins, present participle ginning, simple past gan, past participle gun)

  1. (archaic) To begin.

Etymology 4

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Borrowed from Dharug dyin (“woman”), but having acquired a derogatory tone.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gin (plural gins)

  1. (Australia, now considered offensive, ethnic slur) An Aboriginal woman.
    • 1869, Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, Three Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia, volume 1, page 273:
      His next shot was discharged amongst the mob, and most unfortunately wounded the gin already mentioned ; who, with a child fastened to her back, slid down the bank, and lay, apparently dying, with her legs in the water.
    • 1879 December 31, “Obituary”, in The Hobart Mercury, page 2:
      On December 28, in the same year [1828], he [John Allen] fought single handed a tribe of native blacks, numbering from thirteen to eighteen, besides "gins" to bring them spears, waddies, etc.
    • 1894, Ivan Dexter, Talmud: A Strange Narrative of Central Australia, published in serial form in Port Adelaide News and Lefevre's Peninsula Advertiser (SA), Chapter XXI, [1]
      From my position I could see the gins pointing back, and as the men turned they looked for a moment and then made a wild rush for the entrance.
    • 1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter XXI, in Capricornia, D. Appleton-Century, published 1943, page 353:
      How they must have laughed about the strutting of her whose mother was a wanton and aunt a gin!
    • 1988, Tom Cole, Hell West and Crooked, Angus & Robertson, published 1995, page 179:
      Dad said Shoesmith and Thompson had made one error that cost them their lives by letting the gins into the camp, and the blacks speared them all.
    • 2008, Bill Marsh, Jack Goldsmith, Goldie: Adventures in a Vanishing Australia, unnumbered page:
      But there was this gin there, see, what they called a kitchen girl.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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References
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  1. ^ R. M. W. Dixon, Australian Aboriginal Words, Oxford University Press, 1990, →ISBN, page 167.

Etymology 5

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Cognate to Scots gin (“if”): perhaps from gi(v)en,[1] or a compound in which the first element is from Old English ġif (English if) and the second is cognate to English an (“if”) (compare iffen),[1] or perhaps from again.[1]

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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gin

  1. (chiefly Scotland, Northern England, Southern US, Appalachia) If.
    • 1605, Richard Verstegan, Restitution of Decayed Intelligence, in Antiquities: Concerning the Most Noble, and Renowned English Nation:
      […] for pronouncing according as one would ſay at London I would eat more cheeſe if I had it, the Northern man ſaith, Ay ſuld eat mare cheeſe gin ay hadet, and the Weſterne man ſaith Chud eat more cheeſe an chad it.
    • 1804, Robert Couper, Poetry, I. 196:
      Gin the plough rests on the bank, / The loom, the nation, dies.
    • 1809, Thomas Donaldson, Poems, section 76:
      An' gin I'm weel and can keep sober / You may look for it in October.
    • 1815, Robert Anderson, Ballads in the Cumberland dialect, page 152:
      He's get han' and siller, / Gin he fancies me.
    • 1860, J. P. K. Shuttleworth, Scarsdale; Or, Life on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Border, Thirty Years Ago, page 158:
      yon felley at Barleigh has wrote farrantly (fairly) to my naunt; gin Robin could bur see ť letter he'd foind no fawt wi' me.
    • 1870, John Christopher Atkinson, Lost; or, What came of a slip from 'honour bright'., page 19:
      Wheeah, Ah thinks thee could, gin ye tried.
    • 1876, Mrs. George Linnaeus Banks, The Manchester Man, page 15:
      "Aw'd never ha slept i' mi bed gin that little un had bin dreawnded, an' me lookin' on loike a stump. Neay; that lass wur Bess, moi wench. We'n no notion wheer th' lad's mother is." Mr. Clough would have pressed the money upon him, but he put it back with a motion of his han.
    • 1880, Wooers, Banks, I. iv:
      […] gin schoo sets off in a tantrum an' flaah's t'mistress wiv her blutherin […]
References
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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “gin”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

Anagrams

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Czech

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English gin.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈdʒɪn]
  • Hyphenation: gin
  • Rhymes: -ɪn

Noun

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gin m inan

  1. gin (alcoholic beverage)

Declension

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Declension of gin (hard masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative gin giny
genitive ginu ginů
dative ginu ginům
accusative gin giny
vocative gine giny
locative ginu ginech
instrumental ginem giny

Further reading

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  • “gin”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “gin”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Finnish

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Etymology

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< English gin

Noun

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gin

  1. (rare) Alternative spelling of gini (“gin”).

Declension

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Inflection of gin (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative gin ginit
genitive ginin ginien
partitive giniä ginejä
illative giniin gineihin
singular plural
nominative gin ginit
accusative nom. gin ginit
gen. ginin
genitive ginin ginien
partitive giniä ginejä
inessive ginissä gineissä
elative ginistä gineistä
illative giniin gineihin
adessive ginillä gineillä
ablative giniltä gineiltä
allative ginille gineille
essive gininä gineinä
translative giniksi gineiksi
abessive ginittä gineittä
instructive — ginein
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of gin (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative ginini ginini
accusative nom. ginini ginini
gen. ginini
genitive ginini ginieni
partitive giniäni ginejäni
inessive ginissäni gineissäni
elative ginistäni gineistäni
illative giniini gineihini
adessive ginilläni gineilläni
ablative giniltäni gineiltäni
allative ginilleni gineilleni
essive gininäni gineinäni
translative ginikseni gineikseni
abessive ginittäni gineittäni
instructive — —
comitative — gineineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative ginisi ginisi
accusative nom. ginisi ginisi
gen. ginisi
genitive ginisi giniesi
partitive giniäsi ginejäsi
inessive ginissäsi gineissäsi
elative ginistäsi gineistäsi
illative giniisi gineihisi
adessive ginilläsi gineilläsi
ablative giniltäsi gineiltäsi
allative ginillesi gineillesi
essive gininäsi gineinäsi
translative giniksesi gineiksesi
abessive ginittäsi gineittäsi
instructive — —
comitative — gineinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative ginimme ginimme
accusative nom. ginimme ginimme
gen. ginimme
genitive ginimme giniemme
partitive giniämme ginejämme
inessive ginissämme gineissämme
elative ginistämme gineistämme
illative giniimme gineihimme
adessive ginillämme gineillämme
ablative giniltämme gineiltämme
allative ginillemme gineillemme
essive gininämme gineinämme
translative giniksemme gineiksemme
abessive ginittämme gineittämme
instructive — —
comitative — gineinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative gininne gininne
accusative nom. gininne gininne
gen. gininne
genitive gininne ginienne
partitive giniänne ginejänne
inessive ginissänne gineissänne
elative ginistänne gineistänne
illative giniinne gineihinne
adessive ginillänne gineillänne
ablative giniltänne gineiltänne
allative ginillenne gineillenne
essive gininänne gineinänne
translative giniksenne gineiksenne
abessive ginittänne gineittänne
instructive — —
comitative — gineinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative gininsä gininsä
accusative nom. gininsä gininsä
gen. gininsä
genitive gininsä giniensä
partitive giniään
giniänsä 		ginejään
ginejänsä
inessive ginissään
ginissänsä 		gineissään
gineissänsä
elative ginistään
ginistänsä 		gineistään
gineistänsä
illative giniinsä gineihinsä
adessive ginillään
ginillänsä 		gineillään
gineillänsä
ablative giniltään
giniltänsä 		gineiltään
gineiltänsä
allative ginilleen
ginillensä 		gineilleen
gineillensä
essive gininään
gininänsä 		gineinään
gineinänsä
translative ginikseen
giniksensä 		gineikseen
gineiksensä
abessive ginittään
ginittänsä 		gineittään
gineittänsä
instructive — —
comitative — gineineen
gineinensä

Further reading

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French

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English gin.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gin m (plural gins)

  1. gin

Further reading

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Irish

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Etymology

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From Old Irish gein, verbal noun of gainithir (“is born”), from Proto-Celtic *ganyetor (compare Welsh geni (“be born, bear”)) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (compare English kin, Latin gignō (“beget, bear”), Ancient Greek γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “become”), Sanskrit जनति (janati, “beget”)).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gin f (genitive singular gine, nominative plural ginte)

  1. begetting, birth
  2. fetus
  3. offspring, child, person
  4. generating source

Declension

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Declension of gin

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative gin ginte
Vocative a ghin a ghinte
Genitive gine ginte
Dative gin ginte

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an ghin na ginte
Genitive na gine na nginte
Dative leis an ngin

don ghin

leis na ginte

Derived terms

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Verb

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gin (present analytic gineann, future analytic ginfidh, verbal noun giniúint, past participle ginte)

  1. give birth to (used only in the autonomous form)
  2. germinate, sprout; spring forth; originate
  3. beget, procreate
  4. generate, produce

Conjugation

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conjugation of gin (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present ginim gineann tú;
ginir† 		gineann sé, sí ginimid gineann sibh gineann siad;
ginid† 		a ghineann; a ghineas /
a ngineann* 		gintear
past ghin mé; ghineas ghin tú; ghinis ghin sé, sí ghineamar; ghin muid ghin sibh; ghineabhair ghin siad; ghineadar a ghin /
ar ghin* 		gineadh
past habitual ghininn / ngininn‡‡ ghinteá / nginteᇇ ghineadh sé, sí / ngineadh sé, s퇇 ghinimis; ghineadh muid / nginimis‡‡; ngineadh muid‡‡ ghineadh sibh / ngineadh sibh‡‡ ghinidís; ghineadh siad / nginidís‡‡; ngineadh siad‡‡ a ghineadh /
a ngineadh* 		ghintí / ngint퇇
future ginfidh mé;
ginfead 		ginfidh tú;
ginfir† 		ginfidh sé, sí ginfimid;
ginfidh muid 		ginfidh sibh ginfidh siad;
ginfid† 		a ghinfidh; a ghinfeas /
a nginfidh* 		ginfear
conditional ghinfinn / nginfinn‡‡ ghinfeá / nginfeᇇ ghinfeadh sé, sí / nginfeadh sé, s퇇 ghinfimis; ghinfeadh muid / nginfimis‡‡; nginfeadh muid‡‡ ghinfeadh sibh / nginfeadh sibh‡‡ ghinfidís; ghinfeadh siad / nginfidís‡‡; nginfeadh siad‡‡ a ghinfeadh /
a nginfeadh* 		ghinfí / nginf퇇
subjunctive present go ngine mé;
go nginead† 		go ngine tú;
go nginir† 		go ngine sé, sí go nginimid;
go ngine muid 		go ngine sibh go ngine siad;
go nginid† 		— go ngintear
past dá ngininn dá nginteá dá ngineadh sé, sí dá nginimis;
dá ngineadh muid 		dá ngineadh sibh dá nginidís;
dá ngineadh siad 		— dá ngintí
imperative ginim gin gineadh sé, sí ginimis ginigí;
ginidh† 		ginidís — gintear
verbal noun giniúint
past participle ginte

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
gin ghin ngin
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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Janday

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Noun

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gin

  1. woman, girl

Further reading

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  • John Gladstone Steele, Aboriginal Pathways: in Southeast Queensland and the Richmond River

Japanese

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Romanization

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gin

  1. Rōmaji transcription of ぎん

Louisiana Creole

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Etymology

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Inherited from French gagner (“to earn, to gain”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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gin

  1. (transitive) to have (to own, to possess)
    Mâ tant gin dé sœr. ― My aunt has two sisters.
  2. (transitive) to have under one's control, in one's power
  3. (transitive) to have (a condition), to be
    Mo gin swaf. ― I'm thirsty. (literally, “I have thirst.”)
    Mo gin pœr. ― I'm scared. (literally, “I have fear.”)
  4. (transitive) to be (an age)
    Li gin 19 zan. ― She's 19 years old. (literally, “She has 19 years.”)
  5. (copulative) to get, to become
  6. (transitive) to get, to make (cause someone or something to do something)
  7. (auxiliary) to have to
    Synonyms: bezwin, dwa, gin pou, ifo
  8. (auxiliary) should
    Synonym: sé
  9. (auxiliary) to be going to, will
    Synonyms: a, alé, kouri, va

Usage notes

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  • Mirrors the use of French avoir (“to have”) in some ways. For example, Louisiana Creole gin pou mirrors French avoir pour (“to be obligated to”).

Derived terms

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Mandarin

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Romanization

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gin

  1. Nonstandard spelling of gīn.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English gin.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gin m inan

  1. gin (alcoholic beverage)

Declension

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Declension of gin
singular plural
nominative gin giny
genitive ginu ginów
dative ginowi ginom
accusative gin giny
instrumental ginem ginami
locative ginie ginach
vocative ginie giny

Further reading

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  • gin in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • gin in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English gin.

Noun

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gin n (plural ginuri)

  1. gin

Declension

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Declension of gin
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) gin ginul (niște) ginuri ginurile
genitive/dative (unui) gin ginului (unor) ginuri ginurilor
vocative ginule ginurilor

Scots

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Cognate to dialectal English gin (“if”), which see for more.

Conjunction

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gin

  1. if (conditional; subjunctive)
    Gin A war ye, A wad gang. ― If I were you, I would go.
    • 1778, Alexander Ross, Fortunate Shepherdess, page 124:
      Then says the squire,
      Gin that be all your fear,
      She sanna want a man, for want of gear.
      A thousand pounds a year, well burthen free,
      I mak her sure of, gin she'll gang with me.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Etymology 2

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From Old English [Term?].

Preposition

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gin

  1. Against; nearby; towards.
    gin night ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology

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From Old Irish gainithir (“is born”), from Proto-Celtic *ganyetor (compare Welsh geni (“be born, bear”)) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (compare English kin, Latin gignō (“beget, bear”), Ancient Greek γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “become”), Sanskrit जनति (janati, “beget”)).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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gin (past ghin, future ginidh, verbal noun gintinn, past participle ginte)

  1. beget, produce, father
  2. create, engender
  3. procreate, reproduce
  4. breed
  5. (computing) generate

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Mutation of gin
radical lenition
gin ghin

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “gin”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[3], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gainithir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Spanish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English gin.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (everywhere but Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈʝin/ [ˈɟ͡ʝĩn]
  • IPA(key): (Buenos Aires and environs) /ˈʃin/ [ˈʃĩn]
  • IPA(key): (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈʒin/ [ˈʒĩn]

Noun

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gin m (plural gines)

  1. gin
    Synonym: ginebra

Further reading

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Sumerian

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Romanization

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gin

  1. Romanization of 𒁺 (gin)

Swedish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English gin.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gin c or n

  1. gin (liquor)

Declension

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Declension of gin
nominative genitive
singular indefinite gin gins
definite ginen ginens
plural indefinite — —
definite — —
Declension of gin
nominative genitive
singular indefinite gin gins
definite ginet ginets
plural indefinite — —
definite — —

See also

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References

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Anagrams

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Welsh

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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gin

  1. (colloquial) (North Wales) first-person singular of gan
  2. (colloquial) (North Wales) second-person singular of gan

Wiradjuri

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Noun

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gin

  1. Alternative spelling of geen

Yola

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Etymology

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Compare Scots gin.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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gin

  1. if
    Synonym: yith
    • 1927, “THE FORTH MAN'S GRACE AFTER A SCANTY DINNER”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 137, line 3:
      Gin we have no mo' maate, it maakes no mo' matter,
      [If we have no more meat, it makes no more matter,]

References

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  • Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 137

Yoruba

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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gin

  1. (Igbomina) to chip off a small part of something
    Synonym: yin
    ìyá gin uṣu lé ọmọ lọ́wọ́ ― The mother chipped off a small part of a yam to give to the child
  2. (Igbomina) to trim the edges of something with a razor
    babá gin irun ọmọ náà ― The father trimmed the edges of the child's hair
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