Lyctocoridae
| Lyctocoridae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Lyctocoris dimidiatus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Superfamily: | Cimicoidea |
| Family: | Lyctocoridae Reuter, 1884 |
Lyctocoridae is a reconstituted family of bugs, formerly classified within the minute pirate bugs of the family Anthocoridae.[1] It is widely distributed, with one species (Lyctocoris campestris), being cosmopolitan.[2][3]
Description
[edit]Lyctocoridae range in length from 2 mm to 6 mm. They have tarsi 3-segmented, forewing with a costal fracture and with weakly developed veins in the membrane, laterotergites on all abdominal terga, and male genitalia strongly asymmetrical (left paramere larger than the right).[2]
Overall they resemble the related family Anthocoridae, but can be distinguished by:
- In males, the left paramere is flat, with a single-sheet form, and without a median sulcus. The phallus is tubular and well visible, with ductus seminis striated transversely and extended apically by a needle-shaped acus.[4]
- In females, there are genital apophyses in the anterior region of abdominal sternum 7.[4]
Diet
[edit]Lyctocoridae are mostly predators of small, soft-bodied arthropods, though L. campestris occasionally feeds on mammal (including human) blood[2][3] and L. ichikawai is only known to feed on sap of sawtooth oak (Quercus acutissima).[5] Adults and nymphs have similar diets.[4]
Habitat
[edit]This family of bugs occurs under tree bark and in decaying plant matter, animal nests and burrows, manure piles, poultry houses, granaries and stored food products.[2][3]
Reproduction
[edit]Lyctocoridae practice traumatic insemination in which the male pierces the female (using the acus of his phallus) between terga 7 and 8 on the right side of her abdomen. The male's sperm migrate through the haemocoel or through specialized structures in the female to the ovaries, then fertilise the eggs within the vitellarium.[3]
Biological control
[edit]Some species of Lyctocoridae are biological control agents that feed on pest insects. Lyctocoris attack beetle and moth pests in stored food products, and also attack bark beetle pests.[3]
Systematics
[edit]Recent phylogenetic work supports the treatment of Lyctocoridae as a family separate from Anthocoridae,[1] but more recent molecular phylogenies indicate that many lineages considered at one point to be constituents are still better placed in Anthocoridae (e.g, Dufouriellini;[6]), leaving only a few genera in Lyctocoridae.
Genera
[edit]BioLib lists a single subfamily Lyctocorinae Reuter, 1884:
- Lyctocoris Hahn, 1836 (in monotypic tribe Lyctocorini Reuter, 1884)
- Astemmocoris Carayon & Usinger, 1965
Placed in Anthocoridae
[edit]The following are placed in the Anthocorinae tribes Anthocorini, Dufouriellini, and Scolopini:
- Alofa Herring, 1976
- Amphiareus Distant, 1904
- Brachysteles Mulsant & Rey, 1852
- Buchananiella Reuter, 1884
- Calliodis Reuter, 1871
- Cardiastethus Fieber, 1860
- Dufouriellus Kirkaldy, 1906
- Dysepicritus Reuter, 1885
- Nidicola Harris and Drake, 1941
- Orthosoleniopsis Poppius, 1909
- Physopleurella Reuter, 1884
- Scoloposcelis Fieber, 1864
- Solenonotus Reuter, 1871
- Xylocoridea Reuter, 1876
- Xyloecocoris Reuter, 1879
References
[edit]- ^ a b Schuh, Randall T.; Weirauch, Christiane; Wheeler, Ward C. (2009). "Phylogenetic relationships within the Cimicomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): a total-evidence analysis". Systematic Entomology. 34 (1): 15–48. Bibcode:2009SysEn..34...15S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.498.8756. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00436.x. ISSN 1365-3113. S2CID 85422423.
- ^ a b c d Schuh, R. T.; Slater, J. A. (1995). True bugs of the world (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) : classification and natural history. New York, USA: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-2066-0. OCLC 31132787.
- ^ a b c d e Horton, D. R. (2008). "Minute Pirate Bugs (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)". In Capinera (ed.). Encyclopedia of Entomology (J. L. ed.). Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 2402–2412. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4633. ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1.
- ^ a b c Carpintero, Diego L. (2015), Panizzi, Antônio R.; Grazia, Jocélia (eds.), "Minute Pirate Bugs (Anthocoridae and Lyctocoridae)", True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Neotropics, Entomology in Focus, vol. 2, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 217–236, doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9861-7_9, ISBN 978-94-017-9860-0, retrieved 2022-09-09
- ^ Yamada, Kazutaka; Yasunaga, Tomohide; Ichikawa, Toshihide (2012-10-24). "A new species of Lyctocoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cimicoidea) feeding on the exuded sap of Sawtooth Oak, Quercus acutissima, in Japan". Zootaxa. 3525 (1): 65. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3525.1.5. ISSN 1175-5334.
- ^ Zhang D, Xu L, Wang S, Liang J, Li M, Zhang H. The first complete mitochondrial genome of Dufouriellini (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and implications for its phylogenetic position. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2022 Sep;111(1):e21885. doi: 10.1002/arch.21885. Epub 2022 Mar 20. PMID: 35312097.
External links
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