Józef Lewartowski
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Józef Lewartowski | |
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יוסף לעווארטאווסק י | |
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| Born | 10 May 1895 |
| Died | 25 August 1942 |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Political party | Communist Party of Poland Polish Workers' Party |
| Movement | Jewish resistance Polish resistance |
Józef Lewartowski (Yiddish: יוסף לעווארטאווסקי, birth name: Aron Finkelstein Yiddish: ןאהרן פינקעלשטיי May 1895 Bielsk Podlaski[1] - 25 August 1942 Warsaw) was a Polish communist politician of Jewish origin, revolutionary, member of the KPP and PPR one of the first organizers of the Jewish resistance in Nazi occupied Poland, co-founder of the Anti-Fascist Bloc.[2]
Biography
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Józef Lewartowski was born in 1895 into a family of poor Torah-observant Jews. His parents were Moishe and Chava Lewartowski. He joined the Poale Zion in 1918. In 1920 Lewartowski was member of the Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee. He was co-founder of Communist Party of Poland and member of the Central Jewish Bureau. On 9 April 1926 he was arrested and sentenced by the Polish court to 3 years in prison. Lewartowski was member and leader of Prison's Commune - organization of left-wing political prisoners in Second Polish Republic. He escaped from prison in December 1926 and fled to Moscow. In 1932 Lewartowski returned to Poland. In 1933 he was one of the organizers of labor strike in Łódź and Białystok. In 1934 he was re-arrested and sentenced to 12 years of prison. In prison he met Alfred Lampe, Paweł Finder and Bolesław Bierut. Lewartowski was released from the prison on 1 September 1939 and took part in Defense of Warsaw during the September Campaign. Since 1941 he lived in Warsaw Ghetto. He joined the Polish Workers' Party and in March 1942 he founded of the Anti-Fascist Bloc. Józef Lewartowski died 25 August 1942, shot by Gestapo.[3] He has been awarded the Order of the Cross of Grunwald.[4]
English translations of two biographies written in Yiddish for the Bielsk Podlaski yizkor book Bielsk-Podliask – Book in the Holy Memory of the Bielsk Podliask Jews Whose Lives Were Taken During the Holocaust Between 1939 and 1944[5] are available online. There is a detailed eight-page biography,[6] and a brief biography.[7]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Polski Słownik Judaistyczny, t. 2, Warszawa 2003
- ^ Polski Słownik Biograficzny, t. XVII, Warszawa 1972
- ^ Bernard Ber Mark, Walka i zagłada warszawskiego getta (1959)
- ^ Aleksander Mazur: Order Krzyża Grunwaldu 1943-1985. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, 1988, s. 89. ISBN 83-11-07449-6
- ^ Bielsk-Podliask: Book in the Holy Memory of the Bielsk-Podliask Jews Whose Lives Were Taken During the Holocaust Between 1939 and 1944 (Bielsk-Podlaski, Poland) 1975
- ^ Yosef Levartovski, The Fighter and Revolutionary, Organizer of the Anti-Fascist Battle in the Warsaw Ghetto 1975
- ^ Three Heroes and Martyrs of Bielsk, Aharon Yosef Levartovski 1975
| International | |
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| National | |
- 1895 births
- 1942 deaths
- Communist Party of Poland politicians
- Jewish Polish politicians
- Jewish resistance members during the Holocaust
- Jewish socialists
- Warsaw Ghetto inmates
- People who died in the Warsaw Ghetto
- Polish resistance members of World War II
- Polish revolutionaries
- Polish Workers' Party politicians
- Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 3rd class