Jump to content

1945

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from AD 1945)

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1945 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1945
MCMXLV
Ab urbe condita2698
Armenian calendar1394
ԹՎ ՌՅՂԴ
Assyrian calendar6695
Baháʼí calendar101–102
Balinese saka calendar1866–1867
Bengali calendar1352
Berber calendar2895
British Regnal yearGeo. 6 – 10 Geo. 6
Buddhist calendar2489
Burmese calendar1307
Byzantine calendar7453–7454
Chinese calendar甲申年 (Wood Monkey)
4642 or 4435
    — to —
乙酉年 (Wood Rooster)
4643 or 4436
Coptic calendar1661–1662
Discordian calendar3111
Ethiopian calendar1937–1938
Hebrew calendar5705–5706
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat2001–2002
 - Shaka Samvat1866–1867
 - Kali Yuga5045–5046
Holocene calendar11945
Igbo calendar945–946
Iranian calendar1323–1324
Islamic calendar1364–1365
Japanese calendarShōwa 20
(昭和20年)
Javanese calendar1875–1876
Juche calendar34
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4278
Minguo calendarROC 34
民國34年
Nanakshahi calendar477
Thai solar calendar2488
Tibetan calendar阳木猴年
(male Wood-Monkey)
2071 or 1690 or 918
    — to —
阴木鸡年
(female Wood-Rooster)
2072 or 1691 or 919

1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1945th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 945th year of the 2nd millennium, the 45th year of the 20th century, and the 6th year of the 1940s decade.

1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the year concentration camps were liberated and the only year in which atomic weapons have been used in combat.

Events

[edit]

World War II will be abbreviated as “WWII”

January

[edit]
January 27 – The Soviet Red Army liberates Auschwitz.

February

[edit]
February 4 – The "Big Three" at the Yalta Conference: Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin.
February 19 – During the Battle of Iwo Jima, U.S. Marines land on the island.

March

[edit]

April

[edit]
April 7Japanese battleship Yamato explodes after persistent attacks from U.S. aircraft during the Battle of Okinawa.
April 30Adolf Hitler, along with his wife of one day Eva Braun, commits suicide.

May

[edit]
a black and white image of two Marines in their combat uniforms. One Marine is providing cover fire with his M1 Thompson submachinegun as the other with a Browning Automatic Rifle, prepares to break cover to move to a different position. There are bare sticks and rocks on the ground.
May – Marines of 1st Marine Division fighting on Okinawa.
May 8 – American soldiers fighting in the Pacific theater listen to radio reports of Victory in Europe Day.
May 9 – Prague is liberated by the Red Army.

June

[edit]
June 5Dwight Eisenhower, Georgy Zhukov and Arthur Tedder.

July

[edit]
July 16Trinity test at night in New Mexico.

August

[edit]
August 9 – The mushroom cloud from the nuclear bomb dropped on Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air.
August 18 – Surrender of the Japanese Army in Central China (Memorial in Wuhan).

September

[edit]
September 2 – Japan signs the Instrument of Surrender aboard the USS Missouri.
September 9 – Japanese troops formally relinquish control of Southern Korea over to the United States, effectively ending Japan's 35-year rule over Korea.

October

[edit]
October 18Nuremberg trials begin, after Buchenwald closes.

November

[edit]

December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

Births

[edit]
Births
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December
Stephen Stills
Sir Rod Stewart
Javed Akhtar
Tom Selleck
Bob Marley
Edwin Catmull
Ana Lúcia Torre
Björn Ulvaeus
Bob Seger
Yochanan Vollach
Priscilla Presley
Laurent Gbagbo
John Carlos
Wolfgang Schüssel
Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia
Dame Helen Mirren
Patrick Modiano
David Sanborn
Steve Martin
Vince McMahon
Wyomia Tyus
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

January

[edit]

February

[edit]

March

[edit]

April

[edit]

May

[edit]

June

[edit]

July

[edit]

August

[edit]

September

[edit]
Franz Beckenbauer

October

[edit]

November

[edit]
Gerd Müller

December

[edit]

Deaths

[edit]

January

[edit]
Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno
Else Lasker-Schüler

February

[edit]
Anne Frank
José María Moncada
Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy

March

[edit]
David Lloyd George
Hans Fischer

April

[edit]
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Benito Mussolini
Adolf Hitler

May

[edit]
Joseph Goebbels
Prince Waldemar of Prussia
Prince Kan'in Kotohito

June

[edit]
Luís Fernando de Orleans y Borbón

July

[edit]
Óscar R. Benavides

August

[edit]
Florencio Harmodio Arosemena

September

[edit]
Béla Bartók

October

[edit]
Pierre Laval

November

[edit]
Sigurður Eggerz

December

[edit]
George S. Patton

Nobel Prizes

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Girbig, Werner (1975). Six Months to Oblivion: The Eclipse of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force Over the Western Front, 1944/45. Schiffer Publishing. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-88740-348-4.
  2. ^ a b Duffy, Christopher (1991). Red Storm on the Reich: The Soviet March on Germany, 1945. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-22829-8.
  3. ^ Abraham J. Peck (1997). "The Agony of the Łódź Ghetto, 1941–1944". The Chronicle of the Łódź Ghetto, 1941–1944 by Lucjan Dobroszycki, and The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington D.C. The Simon Wiesenthal Center. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  4. ^ Kershaw, Ian (2008). Hitler: A Biography. New York: Norton. p. 891. ISBN 978-0-393-06757-6.
  5. ^ "Penicillin Pills May Replace Injection". The Milwaukee Sentinel. February 16, 1945. Retrieved May 22, 2012.[permanent dead link]
  6. ^ "SS General von Steuben [+1945]". WreckSite. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
  7. ^ Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant tornadoes, 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: Environmental Films. pp. 922–925. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
  8. ^ F. C. Pate (United States Weather Bureau) (October 1946). "The Tornado at Montgomery, Alabama, February 12, 1945". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 27 (8). American Meteorological Society: 462–464. JSTOR 26257954. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
  9. ^ "Guinness World Records Website". guinnessworldrecords.com. December 13, 2016.
  10. ^ Guinness Book of World Records. 2008. p. 137.
  11. ^ Battle of Manila Footnotes: Battle for Manila by Richard Connaughton, John Pimlott and Duncan Anderson (2002) Presidio Press ISBN 0-89141-771-0 pp 164-7
  12. ^ Year by Year – 1945. History International.
  13. ^ Air University Review. Department of the Air Force. 1976. p. 20.
  14. ^ Nohlen, Dieter; Stöver, Philip, eds. (2010). Elections in Europe: A data handbook. Baden-Baden: Nomos. p. 1678. ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7.
  15. ^ Mayne, Alan James (1999). From Politics Past to Politics Future: An Integrated Analysis of Current and Emergent Paradigms. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-275-96151-0. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
  16. ^ "Proclamation No. 430, s. 1989 - DECLARING THE EIGHTEENTH DAY OF MARCH OF EVERY YEAR AS VICTORY DAY IN THE ISLANDS OF PANAY AND ROMBLON, INCLUDING THE CITIES OF ILOILO AND ROXAS". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  17. ^ "Bombing Berlin: The Biggest Wartime Raid on Hitler's Capital". The National WWII Museum - New Orleans. March 14, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  18. ^ "Festung Kolberg 1945" (in Polish). Archived from the original on August 11, 2007. Retrieved March 21, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  19. ^ Grazulis, Thomas P. (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes, 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. p. 919. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
  20. ^ "Top Ten Deadliest Oklahoma Tornadoes (1882-Present)". National Weather Service in Norman, Oklahoma. Archived from the original on August 14, 2023. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
  21. ^ "1945". A WW2 Timeline. Worldwar-2.net. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  22. ^ Jones, Bill (1989). The Fatal Attraction of Adolf Hitler (Television documentary). BBC. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
  23. ^ Ziemke, Earl F. (1969). Battle for Berlin: End of the Third Reich. Ballantine's Illustrated History of World War II, Battle Book #6. Ballantine Books.
  24. ^ Smythe, John (1967). Bolo Whistler: The Life of General Sir Lashmer Whistler. London: Muller.
  25. ^ "War Diary for Friday, 27 April 1945". Stone & Stone Books. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
  26. ^ MacDonogh, Giles (2007). After the Reich: The Brutal History of the Allied Occupation. New York: Basic Books. p. 93.
  27. ^ Duncan, George R. "Massacres and Atrocities of World War II". Retrieved October 15, 2015.
  28. ^ "Central Europe Campaign – 522nd Field Artillery Battalion". Archived from the original on March 20, 2016. Retrieved January 12, 2015. Jewish prisoners from the outer Dachau camps were marched to Dachau, and then 70 miles south. Many of the Jewish marchers weighed less than 80 pounds. Shivering in their tattered striped uniforms, the "skeletons" marched 10 to 15 hours a day, passing more than a dozen Bavarian towns. If they stopped or fell behind, the SS guards shot them and left their corpses along the road.
  29. ^ "Search Results". www.ushmm.org. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
  30. ^ "Liberatione". Lib.usc.edu. May 4, 1945. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
  31. ^ "Befrielsen 1945 – Tidslinje". Befrielsen1945.dk. January 2, 2012. Archived from the original on January 22, 2011. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
  32. ^ Waller, Derek (September 25, 2010). "U-Boats that Surrendered". u-boat.net. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  33. ^ "Hungary: Recovery of Crown Jewels 1945". Retrieved December 17, 2008.
  34. ^ Milcic, Allen. "Croatian Axis Forces in WWII". Retrieved June 28, 2012.
  35. ^ Dizdar, Zdravko (December 2005). "Prilog istraživanju problema Bleiburga i križnih putova (u povodu 60. obljetnice)" [An addition to the research of the problem of Bleiburg and the Way of the Cross (dedicated to their 60th anniversary)]. The Review of Senj (in Croatian). 32 (1). Senj, Croatia: City Museum Senj; Senj Museum Society: 117–193. ISSN 0582-673X. Retrieved May 28, 2012.
  36. ^ "Edward Kennedy, 58, Reporter Who Flashed '45 Surrender, Dies". The New York Times. Associated Press. November 30, 1963. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
  37. ^ Killen, John (2003). The Luftwaffe: A History. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. pp. 299–300. ISBN 978-1-78159-110-9.
  38. ^ Colin F. Baxter; John Martin Carroll, eds. (2007). The American Military Tradition: From Colonial Times to the Present. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 181. ISBN 9780742544284.
  39. ^ Bethell, Nicholas (1974). The Last Secret. London. ISBN 9780465038138.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  40. ^ Palaich, Michael (1991). "Bleiburg Tragedy". YouTube. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
  41. ^ a b c d e f "1945 – The Decision to Drop the Bomb". NuclearFiles. Archived from the original on April 6, 2010.
  42. ^ Mohamed, Jama (2002). "'The Evils of Locust Bait': Popular Nationalism during the 1945 Anti-Locust Control Rebellion in Colonial Somaliland". Past & Present (174): 184–216. doi:10.1093/past/174.1.184. ISSN 0031-2746. JSTOR 3600720.
  43. ^ "1945: Labour landslide buries Churchill". BBC News. April 5, 2005.
  44. ^ "Accident North American B-25D-20 Mitchell 41-30577, 28 Jul 1945". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
  45. ^ "USS Indianapolis sinking: 'You could see sharks circling'". BBC News. Archived from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  46. ^ Glantz, LTC David M. (June 1983). Leavenworth Papers No. 8 - August Storm: Soviet Tactical and Operational Combat in Manchuria, 1945 (PDF). Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. p. 1. ISSN 0195-3451. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
  47. ^ Angier, R. B.; Boothe, J. H.; Hutchings, B. L.; Mowat, J. H.; Semb, J.; Stokstad, E. L. R.; Subbarow, Y.; Waller, C. W.; Cosulich, D. B.; Fahrenbach, M. J.; Hultquist, M. E.; Kuh, E.; Northey, E. H.; Seeger, D. R.; Sickels, J. P.; Smith Jr, J. M. (1945). "Synthesis of a Compound Identical with the L. Casei Factor Isolated from Liver". Science. 102 (2644): 227–28. Bibcode:1945Sci...102..227A. doi:10.1126/science.102.2644.227. PMID 17778509.
  48. ^ Hoffbrand, A. V.; Weir, D. G. (2001). "The history of folic acid". British Journal of Haematology. 113 (3): 579–589. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02822.x. PMID 11380441. S2CID 22925228.
  49. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Jessup, John E. (1989). A Chronology of Conflict and Resolution, 1945-1985. New York: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-24308-5.
  50. ^ Myers, Brian Reynolds (December 16, 2023). "The Power to Mystify". Sthele Press. Assertion that the emperor's surrender 'abruptly' ended Japan's occupation of the peninsula, which in fact continued in the southern part for more than three weeks?
  51. ^ "Surrender of Japan in Korea".
  52. ^ "Amery sentenced to death: "A self-confessed traitor."". The Times. No. 50312. November 29, 1945. p. 2.
  53. ^ "75th Anniversary of World Bank Articles of Agreement Ratification". World Bank. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
  54. ^ "Discovery of Promethium". Oak Ridge National Laboratory Review. 36 (1). 2003. Archived from the original on June 22, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
  55. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016".
  56. ^ William D. Rubinstein; Michael Jolles; Hilary L. Rubinstein (February 22, 2011). The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 868. ISBN 978-1-4039-3910-4.[permanent dead link]
  57. ^ Chase's ... Calendar of Events. Contemporary Books. 2003. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-07-139098-9.
  58. ^ "They planted an important seed for nanotechnology" (Press release). The Nobel Prize. October 4, 2023. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
  59. ^ Geoff Nicholson (1991). Big Noises: Rock Guitar in the 1990s. Quartet. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-7043-0145-0.
  60. ^ "Profile of highlife legend Nana Ampadu". GhanaWeb. September 30, 2021. Archived from the original on October 19, 2022. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
  61. ^ Avery, Laura (2004). Newsmakers. Gale Research. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-7876-6806-8. ISSN 0899-0417. OCLC 17977680.
  62. ^ Bauer, Pat (March 29, 2022). "Linda Hunt". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  63. ^ Encyclopedia of Contemporary German Culture. Taylor & Francis. 2013. ISBN 9781136816109.
  64. ^ Colin Larkin, ed. (1997). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music (Concise ed.). Virgin Books. p. 666/7. ISBN 1-85227-745-9.
  65. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022". Nobel Prize (Press release). The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. October 4, 2022. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  66. ^ Ruggieri, Melissa. "Procol Harum singer Gary Brooker, the voice of 'A Whiter Shade of Pale,' dies at 76". USA Today. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
  67. ^ "Betty Stöve". Women's Tennis Association.
  68. ^ Dagnino, Maruja. "Lali Armengol Argemi". In Transparencia Venezuela (ed.). 20 mujeres venezolanas del siglo XX (PDF). pp. 68–71. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 6, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  69. ^ Anon (2017). "Henderson, Dr Richard". Who's Who (online Oxford University Press ed.). Oxford: A & C Black. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.19818. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  70. ^ "Patrick Modiano". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
  71. ^ Easlea, Daryl (April 7, 2010). Talent Is An Asset: The Story Of Sparks. Omnibus Press. ISBN 9780857122377 – via Google Books.
  72. ^ "Khaleda Zia". Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers. February 25, 2020. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
  73. ^ "Obituary: John McAfee, antivirus software designer, dies aged 75". The Times. June 24, 2021. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  74. ^ "Serial killer Dennis Nilsen dies in prison aged 72". The Guardian. May 12, 2018. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  75. ^ "Legacy Lyle Bien". South Dakota Hall of Fame. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  76. ^ David J. Goldman (2014). Jewish Sports Stars; Athletic Heroes Past and Present
  77. ^ "Lemmy, Motörhead frontman – obituary". The Daily Telegraph. December 29, 2015. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  78. ^ "Noel Redding". The Guardian. May 15, 2003. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
  79. ^ "Vernon Wells". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. 2014. Archived from the original on October 28, 2014.
  80. ^ "Edith Frank". July 6, 2010. Archived from the original on July 6, 2010. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
  81. ^ Lumsden, Herbert
  82. ^ Kimmelman, Benedict B. (September–October 1987). "The Example Of Private Slovik". American Heritage Magazine. 38 (6). Retrieved October 5, 2012.
  83. ^ "One day they simply weren't there any more..." (PDF). anne frank house. March 2015. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
  84. ^ Kaplan, Alice (2000). The Collaborator: The Trial and Execution of Robert Brasillach. University of Chicago Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-226-42414-9.
  85. ^ "Aleksey Nikolayevich, Count Tolstoy | Soviet writer | Britannica". www.britannica.com. January 6, 2024.
  86. ^ "LIEUTENANT GENERAL MILLARD F. HARMON". Air Force.[permanent dead link]
  87. ^ Hill, Alec (1979). "'Chauvel, Sir Henry George (Harry) (1865–1945)'". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
  88. ^ "Preview unavailable". ProQuest. ProQuest 107039613.
  89. ^ "Casualty Details | CWGC". www.cwgc.org. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
  90. ^ MG Maurice Rose
  91. ^ "Ontdek amateurschilder, drukker, fotograaf Hendrik Nicolaas Werkman". rkd.nl.
  92. ^ Evans, Richard J. (2008). The Third Reich at War: 1939–1945. London: Allen Lane. p. 750. ISBN 978-0-7139-9742-2.
  93. ^ Wallace, Sam (January 25, 2020). "The imperishable story of Julius Hirsch: the great goalscorer murdered at Auschwitz who adorns Stamford Bridge mural". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.
  94. ^ "AAFA Bio - Kenneth J. Alford".
  95. ^ "Ishii Kikujiro | Biography & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. March 15, 2024.
  96. ^ "Boris Galerkin". TheFreeDictionary.com.
  97. ^ Harry Hillman Taken by Death, Cumberland News, August 10, 1945
  98. ^ Firoz Alam (October 1, 2009). Subhas Chandra Bose. Sahni Publications. p. 121. ISBN 978-81-7564-242-3.
  99. ^ Fildes, P. (February 13, 1956). "Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer, 1858-1945". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 2: 237–247. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1956.0016. S2CID 73380545.
  100. ^ Stevens, Halsey. 2018. "Béla Bartók: Hungarian Composer". Encyclopædia Britannica online (accessed 27 September 2018).
  101. ^ "Dr. W.B. Cannon, 73, Neurologist, Dead. Harvard Psychology Professor for 36 Years Noted for His Work on Traumatic Shock Became Professor in 1906". New York Times. October 2, 1945. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  102. ^ "Felix Salten | Austrian novelist | Britannica". www.britannica.com. September 2, 2023.
  103. ^ "Felicija Bortkevičienė". www.vle.lt.
  104. ^ Franklin Carmichael
  105. ^ Hugh Fordin, Stephen Sondheim (1995). Getting to Know Him: A Biography of Oscar Hammerstein II. Da Capo Press. p. 237. ISBN 0-306-80668-1.[permanent dead link]
  106. ^ [Sinclair, Sir Edwyn Sinclair Alexander-, of Freswick (1865–1945)]
  107. ^ Billy Altman, Laughter's Gentle Soul: The Life of Robert Benchley. (New York City: W. W. Norton, 1997. ISBN 0-393-03833-5) Pages 352-362
  108. ^ Inge, Tonette Bond. Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, ed. Charles Reagan Wilson and William R. Ferris. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989. Page 884.
  109. ^ FC, Celtic. "Jimmy Quinn". Celtic FC.
  110. ^ Siegman, Joseph (2020). Jewish Sports Legends: The International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. U of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9781496222121.
  111. ^ Wing, Leonard Fish
  112. ^ Axelrod, Alan (2006), Patton: A Biography, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 168–9, ISBN 978-1-4039-7139-5
  113. ^ Theodore Dreiser Recalled. Clemson University Press. 2017. p. 311. ISBN 9781942954446.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Ian Buruma. Year Zero: A History of 1945 (Penguin Press; 2013) 368 pages; covers liberation, revenge, decolonization, and the rise of the United Nations. excerpt
  • International News Service, It Happened In 1945 The Essential Year Book (1946)
  • Keith Lowe. Savage Continent: Europe in the Aftermath of World War II (2012) excerpt and text search
  • McDannald, A. H. ed. The Americana Annual 1946 (1946) events of 1945 online; encyclopedia yearbook global coverage in 950pp
  • Walter Yust, ed. 10 Eventful Years, 1937 – 1946 Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 1947, 4 vol., encyclopedia yearbook online