Wiktionary

val

See also: Appendix:Variations of "val"
Languages (32)
Translingual • English
Afrikaans • Aragonese • Catalan • Czech • Danish • Dutch • Faroese • French • Friulian • Galician • Icelandic • Italian • Livonian • Middle High German • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Occitan • Old French • Old High German • Old Norse • Piedmontese • Portuguese • Romanian • Romansch • Serbo-Croatian • Slovak • Slovene • Spanish • Swedish • Venetan
Page categories

Translingual

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Symbol

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val

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Vehes.

See also

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English

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Etymology

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Shortening of Valium.

Noun

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val (countable and uncountable, plural vals)

  1. (informal) Valium.
    • 1997 May 29, Kate Sholl, “Re: MED: Pain relief in Neck?”, in alt.med.fibromyalgia‎[2] (Usenet):
      and i must be on that list of people that need to get knocked over with a hammer 'cause vicodin and val don't knock me out.
    • 1998 December 29, rob [username], “Re: Depression and MS(leg/feet burning pain)”, in alt.support.mult-sclerosis‎[3] (Usenet):
      I would think though that whatever the reason for a panic attack valium would be great. I know that if my house was on fire and I was on 15mg of val It[sic] would take a lot more energy than I had, to panic. ;^)
    • 2002 June 28, FllSpdAhd1 [username], “Re: Valium?”, in rec.pets.cats.health+behav‎[4] (Usenet):
      I'm a medic and phenobarb is the primary drug for true seizures, but the OP states the cat presents seizure like behavior at the sound of her voice. I don't know where any of you are from, but we don't treat seizures with val.

Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Etymology

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From Dutch vallen.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /fal/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

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val (present val, present participle vallende, past participle geval)

  1. to fall

Aragonese

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin valles.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈbal/
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Syllabification: val

Noun

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val f (plural vals)

  1. valley

References

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  • “valle”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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val m (plural vals)

  1. voucher

Etymology 2

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Verb

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val

  1. inflection of valer:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative
  2. inflection of valdre:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Interjection

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val

  1. okay

Further reading

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Czech

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Etymology

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Derived from Middle High German wal, from Latin vallum.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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val m inan

  1. bulwark, rampart

Declension

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Declension of val (hard masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative val valy
genitive valu valů
dative valu valům
accusative val valy
vocative vale valy
locative valu valech
instrumental valem valy

Further reading

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  • “val”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “val”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • “val”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Danish

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Old Norse valr.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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val c (singular definite valen, not used in plural form)

  1. (poetic) battlefield

References

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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Middle Low German wal or Dutch wal (“coast, shore”), from Latin vallum. Doublet of vold.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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val c (singular definite vallen, not used in plural form)

  1. (obsolete) steep coastline

References

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Etymology 3

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From Old Norse vǫllr, from Proto-Germanic *walþuz (“forest”), cognate with German Wald. Doublet of vold. Alternatively, the same word as the noun above.

Noun

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val c (singular definite vallen, not used in plural form)

  1. (obsolete) plain
    • 1812, N.F.S. Grundtvig, Til Danerkongen Frederik hin Sjette (in: Poetiske Skrifter, vol. 3, p. 2):
      Paa faste Val og paa den grønne Strand, | At ofre villig baade Liv og Blod.
      On the firm plain and the green beach to sacrifice both life and blood.

References

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Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Dutch val, from Old Dutch *fal, from Proto-West Germanic *fall, from Proto-Germanic *fallaz. Equivalent to a deverbal from vallen (“to fall”).

Noun

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val m (plural vallen, diminutive valletje n)

  1. a fall (act or event of falling)
  2. a downfall, demise
    Synonym: ondergang
  3. (in compounds) A case, modality
  4. (in compounds) The falling of the night, nightfall
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Middle Dutch valle, from Old Dutch falla, ultimately from the root of vallen (“to fall”), thus related to Etymology 1 above.

Noun

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val f (plural vallen, diminutive valletje n)

  1. a physical trap, snare
  2. any trap, ploy
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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val

  1. inflection of vallen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
    3. imperative

Etymology 4

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Probably of the same origin as walvis (“whale”), being the largest land fish.

Noun

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val m (plural vallen, diminutive valletje n)

  1. (obsolete) a catfish
    Synonym: meerval
  2. any of its relatives in the family Siluridae
Derived terms
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Etymology 5

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From Sanskrit वल्ल (valla),[1][2] a word used for various grains and pulses, or for a unit of weight equal to 3 रक्तिका (raktikā). The explanation of latter meaning is that the रक्तिका (raktikā) is named after the seeds of Abrus precatorius, of which there are often 3 in a pod.[3]

Noun

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val m (plural vals, diminutive valletje n)

  1. (obsolete) an East Indian weight for silver and gold.
    • 1682, Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, De zes reizen van den Heer J. Bapt. Tavernier, die hij, gedurende de tyt van veertig jaren, in Turkyen, Persiën, en in d'Indiën, langs alle de wegen, die derwaarts strekken, gedaan heeft [The six voyages of Lord J. Bapt. Tavernier, which he made during the period of forty years, in Turkey, Persia, and in the Indies, along all the roads leading thither], Amsterdam: Weduwe Johannes van Someren, page 12:
      Wat de Spaansche Reaal aangaat / die drieënzeventig Vals weegt / men heeft 'er vier Mamoudiën en een halve voor / en een Mamoudi geld twintig Pechas; en in dezer voegen heeft men voor de Spaansche Reaal tnegentig [sic] Pechas: maar zij moeten / gelijk ik gezegt heb / goed zijn / en drieenzeventig Vals wegen.
      As for the Spanish real, which weighs seventy-three vals, one gets four and a half mahmudi for it, and a mahmudi is worth twenty paisa; and in this way one has ninety paisa for the Spanish real: but they should, as I was saying, be good, and weigh seventy-three vals.

References

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  1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “valla-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 462
  2. ^ Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “वल्ल”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
  3. ^ Matthias de Vries, Lambert Allard te Winkel (1864) “val”, in Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal, published 2001

Anagrams

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Faroese

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Etymology

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From Old Norse val (“choice”) (see the verb velja (“to choose”)), from Proto-Germanic *walą.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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val n (genitive singular vals, plural val)

  1. choice
    Eg hevði einki val. ― I had no choice.
  2. (politics) election
    Í dag er val í Norðurkorea, og tað gongur fyri seg upp á ein heilt serligan hátt. ― Today there is an election in North Korea, and it is happening in a very special way.
  3. quality

Declension

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Declension of val
n3 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative val valið val valini
accusative val valið val valini
dative vali valinum valum valunum
genitive vals valsins vala valanna

French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old French val, from Latin vallem.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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val m (plural vaux)

  1. (literary) valley, vale

Derived terms

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See also

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Further reading

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Friulian

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Etymology

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From Latin vallis, vallem.

Noun

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val f (plural valis)

  1. valley

Synonyms

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Galician

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Etymology

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13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese vale, from Latin vallis, vallem.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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val m (plural vales)

  1. valley
    • c1350, Kevin M. Parker (ed.), Historia Troyana. Santiago: Instituto Padre Sarmiento, page 122:
      Et ao ferir, braadarõ et deron tan grãdes vozes que os vales rretenyam.
      As they clashed, they shouted and cried so aloud that the valleys resounded.

Derived terms

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References

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Icelandic

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Etymology

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From Old Norse val (“choice”) (see the verb velja (“to choose”)), from Proto-Germanic *walą.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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val n

  1. choice
  2. selection

Declension

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    Declension of val
n-s singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative val valið völ völin
accusative val valið völ völin
dative vali valinu völum völunum
genitive vals valsins vala valanna

Derived terms

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Italian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈval/
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Hyphenation: vàl

Noun

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val f (apocopated)

  1. Apocopic form of valle

Verb

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val

  1. Apocopic form of vale

Anagrams

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Livonian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *valo, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *waĺɜ. Cognates include Finnish valo.

Noun

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val

  1. light

Middle High German

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old High German val.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈval/, /ˈfal/

Noun

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val m

  1. fall
  2. (grammar) case
    • 14th century, Heinrich von Mügeln, Der meide krancz (Codex Palatinus germanicus (Cod. Pal. germ.) 14)
      Wÿ man dy namen brechen ſol
      Nach iren vellen hin czu cal
      [the following verses contain a declension of Petrus (genitive Petri, dative Petro, accusative Petrum, vocative Petre and ablative Petro)]
      How one shall inflect/decline (literally break) the nouns
      After their cases over to number

Declension

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Declension of val (masculine, class 2 strong)
singular plural
indef. def. noun def. noun
nominative ein dër val die velle
genitive eines dës valles dër velle
dative eime dëm valle dën vellen
accusative einen dën val die velle
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Descendants

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  • German: Fall

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse vaðill (“ford, shallow water”).

Noun

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val m (definite singular valen, indefinite plural valer, definite plural valene)

  1. inlet, shallow bay

Etymology 2

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From Old Norse valr (“the fallen”).

Noun

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val m (definite singular valen, indefinite plural valer, definite plural valene)

  1. (poetic) battlefield

Etymology 3

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From Old Norse val.

Noun

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val n

  1. form removed with the spelling reform of 1959; superseded by valg

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse val, from Proto-Germanic *walą.

Noun

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val n (definite singular valet, indefinite plural val, definite plural vala)

  1. choice
    Du har ikkje noko val.
    You don't have a choice.
  2. election
    Synonym: røysting
    Kven skal du røysta på til valet?
    Who are you going to vote for in the election?
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Old Norse valr, from Proto-Germanic *walaz.

Noun

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val m (definite singular valen, uncountable)

  1. the slain (in battle)
Derived terms
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References

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Occitan

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Occitan Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia oc

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin vallis.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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val f (plural vals)

  1. valley

Old French

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin vallis, vallem.

Noun

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val oblique singular, m (oblique plural vaus or vax or vals, nominative singular vaus or vax or vals, nominative plural val)

  1. valley

Descendants

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Old High German

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *fall, from Proto-Germanic *fallaz.

Noun

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val m

  1. fall

Descendants

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  • Middle High German: val

Old Norse

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Noun

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val

  1. accusative singular of valr

Piedmontese

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Etymology

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From Latin vallis, vallem.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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val f (plural vaj)

  1. valley

Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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val m (plural vales)

  1. Apocopic form of vale (“valley”)

Romanian

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic валъ (valŭ), from Proto-Slavic *valъ. Compare Serbo-Croatian val; close to Albanian valë.

Noun

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val n (plural valuri)

  1. wave
    Synonym: undă
Declension
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Declension of val
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) val valul (niște) valuri valurile
genitive/dative (unui) val valului (unor) valuri valurilor
vocative valule valurilor
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Latin vallum (“wall, rampart”), probably a later borrowing; cf. German Wall, Italian vallo, also English wall.

Noun

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val n (plural valuri)

  1. earth rampart which served in antiquity as a military stronghold
Declension
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Declension of val
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) val valul (niște) valuri valurile
genitive/dative (unui) val valului (unor) valuri valurilor
vocative valule valurilor
See also
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Romansch

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Etymology

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From Latin vallis, vallem.

Noun

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val f (plural vals)

  1. valley

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *valъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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vȃl m (Cyrillic spelling ва̑л)

  1. (regional, Croatia) wave (a long body of water curling into an arched form)
    Synonym: tȁlās

Declension

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Declension of val
singular plural
nominative val valovi
genitive vala valova
dative valu valovima
accusative val valove
vocative vale valovi
locative valu valovima
instrumental valom valovima

Slovak

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Etymology

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Derived from Middle High German wal, from Latin vallum.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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val m inan

  1. bulwark, rampart

Declension

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Declension of val
singular plural
nominative val valy
genitive valu valov
dative valu valom
accusative val valy
locative vale valoch
instrumental valom valmi

Further reading

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  • “val”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *valъ

Pronunciation

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Noun

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vȃl m inan

  1. wave, undulation

Inflection

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 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine inan., hard o-stem, plural in -ôv-
nom. sing. vál
gen. sing. vála
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		vál valôva valôvi
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		vála valôv valôv
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		válu valôvoma valôvom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		vál valôva valôve
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		válu valôvih valôvih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		válom valôvoma valôvi
 
 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing. vál
gen. sing. vála
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		vál vála váli
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		vála válov válov
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		válu váloma válom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		vál vála vále
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		válu válih válih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		válom váloma váli

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “val”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈbal/ [ˈbal]
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Syllabification: val

Etymology 1

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Noun

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val m (plural valles)

  1. Apocopic form of valle: valley
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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val

  1. Apocopic form of vale: is worth
    mi casa y mi hogar cien doblas val. (val rhymes with hogar, assonant rhyme)
    there's no place like home.
Usage notes
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  • In Old Spanish, after the consonants /d/, /n/, /l/, /ʎ/, /ɾ/ and /θ/, a final /e/ was regularly elided, as in pid, vien, val, quier, faz, versus the modern forms of pide, viene, vale, quiere, and hace, with -e restored by analogy (compare modern Portuguese, which still has apocope in words such as vem (“he/she comes”), quer (“he/she wants”), faz (“he/she does”)). In modern Spanish, a few apocopes following coronal consonants are still preserved: buen, gran, san, derived from bueno, grande, and santo.

Further reading

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Swedish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Swedish hval, from Old Norse hvalr, from Proto-Germanic *hwalaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”).

Noun

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val c

  1. a whale
Declension
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Declension of val
nominative genitive
singular indefinite val vals
definite valen valens
plural indefinite valar valars
definite valarna valarnas
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Old Norse val (related to the verb velja (“to choose”)), from Proto-Germanic *walą. Related to välja, vilja (English will).

Noun

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val n

  1. a choice
    Du har inget val
    You don't have a choice
  2. an election[1]
Declension
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Declension of val
nominative genitive
singular indefinite val vals
definite valet valets
plural indefinite val vals
definite valen valens
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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From Old Norse valr (“the slain, the fallen”), from Proto-Germanic *walaz (“corpse, body; carnage”).

Noun

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val c

  1. (obsolete) the fallen; casualties of a war or battle
Declension
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Declension of val
nominative genitive
singular indefinite val vals
definite valen valens
plural indefinite valar valars
definite valarna valarnas

References

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  1. ^ Government terms, Government Offices of Sweden

Anagrams

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Venetan

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Etymology

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From Latin vallis, vallem.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /val/
  • Hyphenation: vàl

Noun

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val f (plural val)

  1. valley

Synonyms

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