spes

See also: Spes and spès

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• spesu

Etymology

From Latin spissus. Compare Italian spesso.

Adjective

spes m (feminine singular speasã, masculine plural spesh, feminine plural speasi or spease)

1. thick

Synonyms

• des
• picnos

Icelandic

Adjective

spes

1. special, often in an odd way

   Vinkona þín var svakalega spes.

   Your friend was really special.

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *spēs, from Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁s (“prosperity”), from *speh₁- (“to succeed, prosper”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /speːs/, [s̠peːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /spes/, [spɛs]

Noun

spēs f (genitive speī); fifth declension

1. hope (belief or expectation that something wished for can or will happen)

   Dum anima est, spēs est. ― As long as there is life, there is hope.

2. expectation, anticipation, apprehension (act or state of looking forward to an event as about to happen)
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.5:

     ab initio Faustulo spes fuerat regiam stirpem apud se educari

     From the beginning there was an expectation for Faustulus that he was bringing up the children of the royal blood

Declension

Fifth-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	spēs	spēs
Genitive	speī	spērum
Dative	speī	spēbus
Accusative	spem	spēs
Ablative	spē	spēbus
Vocative	spēs	spēs

Derived terms

• exspēs
• spēcula

Related terms

• spērō

Descendants

• Italian: spene, speme (the latter infl. by Latin)
• → Dutch: in spe
• → German: in spe

References

• “spes”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “spes”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• spes in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• spes in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt
    
  • a promising youth: adulescens bonae (egregiae) spei
    
  • to cherish a hope: spem habere
    
  • to cherish a hope: spe duci, niti, teneri
    
  • I have great hopes that..: magna me spes tenet (with Acc. c. Inf.) (Tusc. 1. 41. 97)
    
  • to conceive a hope: in spem venire, ingredi, adduci
    
  • to conceive a hope: spem concipere animo
    
  • to revive a hope: spem redintegrare (B. G. 7. 25)
    
  • to inspire any one with hope: spem alicui facere, afferre, inicere
    
  • to awaken new hope in some one: ad spem aliquem excitare, erigere
    
  • to inspire some one with the most brilliant hopes: in maximam spem aliquem adducere (Att. 2. 22. 3)
    
  • to induce some one to take a brighter view of things: in meliorem spem, cogitationem aliquem inducere (Off. 2. 15. 53)
    
  • to lead some one to expect..: spem proponere alicui
    
  • a ray of hope shines on us: spes affulget (Liv. 27. 28)
    
  • to rouse a vain, groundless hope in some one's mind: spem falsam alicui ostendere
    
  • to deprive a person of hope: spem alicui adimere, tollere, auferre, eripere
    
  • to cut off all hope: spem praecīdere, incidere (Liv. 2. 15)
    
  • to lose hope: spem perdere
    
  • to lose hope: spe deici, depelli, deturbari
    
  • expectation is overthrown: spes ad irritum cadit, ad irritum redigitur
    
  • to give up hoping: spem abicere, deponere
    
  • to be misled by a vain hope: inani, falsa spe duci, induci
    
  • hope has played me false: spes me frustratur
    
  • hope is vanishing by degrees: spes extenuatur et evanescit
    
  • to deceive a person's hope: spem alicuius fallere (Catil. 4. 11. 23)
    
  • to weaken, diminish a person's hope: spem alicui or alicuius minuere
    
  • to strengthen a person in his hopes: spem alicuius confirmare
    
  • to entertain a hope: spem alere
    
  • to set one's hope on some one: spem habere in aliquo
    
  • to set one's hope on some one: spem suam ponere, collocare in aliquo
    
  • to hover between hope and fear: inter spem metumque suspensum animi esse
    
  • contrary to expectation: praeter spem, exspectationem
    
• “spes”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “spes”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray