Wiktionary

rose

See also: Appendix:Variations of "rose"

English

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A red rose (flower)
 
A rose (graph with only one vertex)

Etymology 1

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From Middle English rose, roose, from Old English rōse, but with its vowel influenced by Old French rose, both from Latin rosa. The Latin is of uncertain origin, but likely via Oscan from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”) (Aeolic ϝρόδον (wródon)), from Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower”) (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀- (varəδa-), Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr, late Middle Persian [Term?] (gwl /⁠gul⁠/), Persian گل (gol, “rose, flower”), and Middle Iranian borrowings including Old Armenian վարդ (vard, “rose”), Aramaic וַרְדָּא (wardā) / ܘܪܕܐ (wardā), Arabic وَرْدَة (warda), Hebrew וֶרֶד (wéreḏ)), from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰos (“sweetbriar”) (compare Old English word (“thornbush”), Latin rubus (“bramble”), Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”)). Possibly ultimately a derivation from a verb for "to grow" only attested in Indo-Iranian (*Hwardʰ-, compare Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati), with relatives in Avestan).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rose (countable and uncountable, plural roses)

  1. A shrub of the genus Rosa, with red, pink, white or yellow flowers.
  2. A flower of the rose plant.
  3. A plant or species in the rose family. (Rosaceae)
  4. Something resembling a rose flower.
  5. (heraldry) The rose flower, usually depicted with five petals, five barbs, and a circular seed.
  6. (countable, uncountable) A purplish-red or pink colour, the colour of some rose flowers.
    Web rose:  
    rose-pink:  
  7. A round nozzle for a sprinkling can or hose.
  8. The usually circular base of a light socket in the ceiling, from which the fitting or chandelier is suspended.
  9. Any of various large, red-bodied, papilionid butterflies of the genus Pachliopta.
  10. (mathematics) Any of various flower-like polar graphs of sinusoids or their squares.
  11. (mathematics, graph theory) A graph with only one vertex.
Descendants
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  • → Marshallese: rooj
  • → Tokelauan: loha
Translations
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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rose (third-person singular simple present roses, present participle rosing, simple past and past participle rosed)

  1. (poetic, transitive) To make rose-colored; to redden or flush.
  2. (poetic, transitive) To perfume, as with roses.

Adjective

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rose (not comparable)

  1. Having a purplish-red or pink color; rosy.
Translations
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Derived terms

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names for organisms derived from rose

See also

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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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rose

  1. simple past of rise
  2. (now colloquial and nonstandard) past participle of rise
    • 1775, The Complete Gazetteer of England and Wales […] ‎[1], volume 1, G. Robinson, and R. Baldwin, page 154:
      Chidley-Mount, Som. on the other ſide of the Parret, oppoſite to Bridgewater, which is ſuppoſed to have roſe from its ruins.
    • 1805, Cobbett's Political Register, volume 8, page 89:
      Here the genius of agriculture seems to have rose above its dawn.
    • 2006 January 30, Timothy Stagich, Conscious Ascension: The Global Rise of Mankind Out of the Depths of Conflict‎[2], Global Leadership Resources, →ISBN, page 86:
      And, it has often been in the most oppressed of times that human beings have rose up and discovered their greatest potential.
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Etymology 3

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From French rosé (“pinkish”).

Noun

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rose (plural roses)

  1. Alternative spelling of rosé

Anagrams

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References

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  • “rose”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Afrikaans

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Noun

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rose

  1. plural of roos

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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rose f

  1. dative/locative singular of rosa

Etymology 2

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Verb

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rose

  1. masculine singular present transgressive of rosit

Danish

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Etymology 1

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From late Old Norse rós, rósa, from Middle Low German rōse, from Latin rosa (“rose”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /roːsə/, [ˈʁoːsə]

Noun

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rose c (singular definite rosen, plural indefinite roser)

  1. rose (flower, shrub of the genus Rosa)
Inflection
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Declension of rose
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative rose rosen roser roserne
genitive roses rosens rosers rosernes
Descendants
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Etymology 2

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From French rosé.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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rose c (singular definite roseen, plural indefinite roseer)

  1. rosé (a pale pink wine)
Inflection
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Declension of rose
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative rose roseen roseer roseerne
genitive roses roseens roseers roseernes

Etymology 3

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From Old Norse hrósa, whence dialectal English roose, Old Swedish rōsa.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /roːsə/, [ˈʁoːsə]

Verb

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rose (imperative ros, infinitive at rose, present tense roser, past tense roste, perfect tense har rost)

  1. to praise, commend
Conjugation
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Inflection of rose
present past
simple roser roste
perfect har rost havde rost
passive roses rostes
participle rosende rost
imperative ros —
infinitive rose —
auxiliary verb have —
gerund rosen —

French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Middle French rose, from Old French rose, borrowed from Latin rosa (the expected form if it was inherited would be *reuse).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rose f (plural roses)

  1. rose (flower)
  2. rose window
  3. (heraldry) rose

Derived terms

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Noun

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rose m (plural roses)

  1. pink

Adjective

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rose (plural roses)

  1. pink
  2. (humorous) pink, left-wing
  3. (colloquial) erotic, blue
  4. (in phrases) rosy, rose-tinted

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Haitian Creole: woz
  • Louisiana Creole: ròz, roz
  • Mauritian Creole: roz
  • Seychellois Creole: roz
  • → Greek: ροζ (roz)
  • → Luxembourgish: Rous
  • → Persian: رز (roz)
  • → Romanian: roz

See also

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Colors in French · couleurs (layout · text)
     blanc      gris      noir
             rouge; cramoisi, carmin              orange; brun, marron              jaune; crème
             lime              vert              menthe
             cyan, turquoise; bleu canard              azur, bleu ciel              bleu
             violet, lilas; indigo              magenta; pourpre              rose

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Friulian

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Etymology

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From Latin rosa.

Noun

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rose f (plural rosis)

  1. flower
    Synonym: flôr
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Italian

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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rose pl

  1. plural of rosa

Etymology 2

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Verb

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rose

  1. third-person singular past historic of rodere

Etymology 3

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Participle

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rose f pl

  1. feminine plural of roso

Anagrams

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Latin

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Pronunciation

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Participle

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rōse

  1. vocative masculine singular of rōsus

Lower Sorbian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈrɔsɛ/, [ˈrɔsə]

Noun

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rose

  1. inflection of rosa:
    1. genitive singular
    2. nominative/accusative plural

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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From Old English rōse, from Latin rosa. Reinforced and remodelled on Old French rose, from the same Latin source.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈrɔːz(ə)/, /ˈrɔz(ə)/

Noun

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rose (plural roses or rosen)

  1. rose (plant belonging to the genus Rosa)
  2. rose (flower of the rose plant)
  3. (heraldry) The rose as a heraldic emblem.
  4. (figurative) A morally upstanding and virtuous individual.
  5. reddish-purple; a rosy colour
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Descendants
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  • English: rose (see there for further descendants)
  • Scots: rose
See also
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Colors in Middle English · coloures, hewes (layout · text)
     whit      grey, hor      blak
             red; cremesyn, gernet              citrine, aumbre; broun, tawne              yelow, dorry, gul; canevas
             grasgrene              grene             
             plunket; ewage              asure, livid              blewe, blo, pers
             violet; inde              rose, murrey; purpel, purpur              claret
References
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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rose

  1. Alternative form of rosen (“to boast”)

Middle French

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Etymology

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From Old French rose, from Latin rosa.

Noun

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rose f (plural roses)

  1. rose (flower)

Adjective

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rose m or f (plural roses)

  1. rosy; rose-coloured

Descendants

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  • French: rose (see there for further descendants)
  • → Middle Dutch: rose

References

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  • rose on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)

Middle High German

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old High German rōsa, from Latin rosa.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈroːs̠ə/

Noun

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rōse f or m

  1. rose
    Ich bin vrô von einer rôsen, diu kan sprëchen süeȥiu wort.
    I am glad of a rose which can say sweet words.

Declension

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Declension of rōse (feminine, weak)
singular plural
indef. def. noun def. noun
nominative ein diu rōse die rōsen
genitive einer dër rōsen dër rōsen
dative einer dër rōsen dën rōsen
accusative eine die rōsen die rōsen
Declension of rōse (masculine, weak)
singular plural
indef. def. noun def. noun
nominative ein dër rōse die rōsen
genitive eines dës rōsen dër rōsen
dative eime dëm rōsen dën rōsen
accusative einen dën rōsen die rōsen

Descendants

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  • Alemannic German: Roos, Roose
  • Bavarian:
    Cimbrian: roas
    Mòcheno: roas
  • Central Franconian: Rus
  • German: Rose (see there for further descendants)
  • Vilamovian: ruuz
  • Yiddish: רויז (royz)

References

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  • Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “rōse”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel

Norman

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Norman Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nrm

Etymology

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From Latin rosa.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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rose m or f

  1. (Jersey) pink (colour)
    Synonym: (Guernsey) couleur dé raose

Alternative forms

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Noun

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rose f (plural roses)

  1. rose (flower)

Derived terms

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no
 
Rose

Etymology

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From Latin rosa, via Old Norse rós and rósa.

Noun

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rose f or m (definite singular rosa or rosen, indefinite plural roser, definite plural rosene)

  1. a rose (plant and flower of genus Rosa)

Derived terms

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

Etymology

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From Latin rosa, via Old Norse rós and rósa.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rose f (definite singular rosa, indefinite plural roser, definite plural rosene)

  1. a rose (plant and flower of genus Rosa)

Derived terms

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Verb

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rose (present tense rosar/roser, past tense rosa/roste, past participle rosa/rost, passive infinitive rosast, present participle rosande, imperative rose/ros)

  1. alternative form of rosa

Further reading

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Old English

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Etymology

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From Latin rosa.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈroː.se/, [ˈroː.ze]

Noun

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rōse f (nominative plural rōsan or rōsa)

  1. rose

Declension

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Declension of rōse (weak)
Case Singular Plural
nominative rōse rōsan
accusative rōsan rōsan
genitive rōsan rōsena
dative rōsan rōsum

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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Old French

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Etymology

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    Learned borrowing from Latin rosa.

    Noun

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    rose oblique singular, f (oblique plural roses, nominative singular rose, nominative plural roses)

    1. rose (flower)
    2. rosewater

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    Adjective

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    rose m (oblique and nominative feminine singular rosee)

    1. rose-coloured

    References

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    Pali

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    Alternative forms

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    Alternative scripts

    Noun

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    rose

    1. inflection of rosa (“anger”):
      1. locative singular
      2. accusative plural

    Verb

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    rose

    1. optative active singular of rosati (“to annoy”)

    Serbo-Croatian

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    Noun

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    rose (Cyrillic spelling росе)

    1. inflection of rosa:
      1. genitive singular
      2. nominative/accusative/vocative plural
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