budak

Dupaningan Agta

Noun

budak

1. flower

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay budak (“child”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɗik, *ɗiik, *ɗiək (“slave”). The sense of slave is reinforced by Javanese ꦧꦸꦝꦏ꧀ (budhak, “slave”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈbudaʔ/ [ˈbu.daʔ], /ˈbudak/ [ˈbu.dak̚]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -udaʔ, -udak
• Syllabification: bu‧dak

Noun

budak (plural para budak, budak-budak, first-person possessive budakku, second-person possessive budakmu, third-person possessive budaknya)

1. slave

   Synonyms: antek, hamba

2. (obsolete, mainly found in dialectal) child

   Synonym: anak

Usage notes

• The word is part of partial false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore usage can be seen in Malay budak.
• The sense "child", which is the meaning in Standard Malay can be found in regional speech such as the Indonesian of Riau Malay speech. However, the sense of child is obsolete in standard Indonesian.

Derived terms

• berbudak-budak
• kebudak-budakan
• membudak
• membudakkan
• memperbudak
• pembudakan
• perbudakan

 

• budak belian
• budak cinta
• budak dalam

 

Further reading

• “budak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Maguindanao

Noun

budak

1. mythological horse having the head of a human; a beautiful woman with long hair and beautiful wings

Malay

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɗik, *ɗiik, *ɗiək (“slave”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /budak/
• Rhymes: -udak, -dak, -ak
• (Johor-Riau) IPA^(key): [budäʔ]
• Rhymes: -aʔ

Noun

budak (Jawi spelling بودق, plural budak-budak, informal 1st possessive budakku, 2nd possessive budakmu, 3rd possessive budaknya)

1. (Malaysia, Singapore, Riau, Sumatra) young person; child

   Synonyms: anak, kanak-kanak, bocah

2. (archaic, mainly in Indonesia) slave

   Synonyms: hamba, abdi

   • 1849, Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir, Hikayat Abdullah, page 250:

     Adapun barang siapa yang hendak membeli budak-budak itu, maka dibukakannya tubuhnya dan berbagai-bagai lakunya, dengan tiada menaruh kasihan barang sedikit jua pun.

     He whosoever wants to purchase the slaves take [clothing] off their bodies and do many things upon them with not even a little mercy.

Usage notes

The word is part of partial false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Indonesian usage can be seen in Indonesian budak.

Derived terms

• memperbudakkan

Descendants

• Indonesian: budak

References

• Kamus Bahasa Indonesia-Melayu Riau, Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1997, →ISBN, page 13
• Kamus Melayu Sumatera Utara-Indonesia, Balai Bahasa Sumatera Utara Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa Republik Indonesia, 2018, →ISBN, page 140
• Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “بودق boedak”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek‎^[1], John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 63
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “بودق budak”, in A Malay-English dictionary‎^[2], Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 127
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “budak”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised)‎^[3], volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 158

Further reading

• “budak” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Old Sundanese

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɗik, *ɗiik, *ɗiək (“slave”).

Noun

budak

1. young person; child

   Synonyms: anak, putra (male) / putri (female)

   • c. 16th century, Carita Parahiyangan:

     "Rababu leumpang! Ku siya bwatkeun budak éta ka Rahiyangtang Mandiminyak. Anteurkeun patemuan siya Sang Salahtwah!"

     Go, Rababu! Bring that child with you to Rahiyangtang Mandiminyak! Send him your bastard, Sang Salahtwah (the mistake)!

Descendants

• Sundanese: budak

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بوداق (budak).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bûdaːk/
• Hyphenation: bu‧dak

Noun

bȕdāk m (Cyrillic spelling бу̏да̄к)

1. pickax, mattock

Declension

Declension of budak

	singular	plural
nominative	bȕdāk	bȕdāci
genitive	budaka	budaka
dative	budaku	budacima
accusative	budak	budake
vocative	budače	budaci
locative	budaku	budacima
instrumental	budakom	budacima

References

• “budak”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Sundanese

Etymology

From Old Sundanese budak, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɗik, *ɗiik, *ɗiək (“slave”). Word and sense related to Malay budak.

Noun

budak (Sundanese script ᮘᮥᮓᮊ᮪, plural barudak)

1. young person; child; kid

   Synonym: murangkalih

   Kunaon éta budak teu indit ka sakola?

   Why didn't that kid go to school?

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بوداق (budak, “shoot in a tree; gnarl”), from Proto-Turkic *būtak, a development of *būta- (“to cut branches, prune”).

Noun

budak (definite accusative budağı, plural budaklar)

1. (botany) shoot, the emerging stem and embryonic leaves of a new plant
2. gnarl, a knot in the wood or a protuberance with twisted grain on a tree

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	budak
Definite accusative	budağı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	budak	budaklar
Definite accusative	budağı	budakları
Dative	budağa	budaklara
Locative	budakta	budaklarda
Ablative	budaktan	budaklardan
Genitive	budağın	budakların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular budağım budaklarım 2nd singular budağın budakların 3rd singular budağı budakları 1st plural budağımız budaklarımız 2nd plural budağınız budaklarınız 3rd plural budakları budakları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular budağımı budaklarımı 2nd singular budağını budaklarını 3rd singular budağını budaklarını 1st plural budağımızı budaklarımızı 2nd plural budağınızı budaklarınızı 3rd plural budaklarını budaklarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular budağıma budaklarıma 2nd singular budağına budaklarına 3rd singular budağına budaklarına 1st plural budağımıza budaklarımıza 2nd plural budağınıza budaklarınıza 3rd plural budaklarına budaklarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular budağımda budaklarımda 2nd singular budağında budaklarında 3rd singular budağında budaklarında 1st plural budağımızda budaklarımızda 2nd plural budağınızda budaklarınızda 3rd plural budaklarında budaklarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular budağımdan budaklarımdan 2nd singular budağından budaklarından 3rd singular budağından budaklarından 1st plural budağımızdan budaklarımızdan 2nd plural budağınızdan budaklarınızdan 3rd plural budaklarından budaklarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular budağımın budaklarımın 2nd singular budağının budaklarının 3rd singular budağının budaklarının 1st plural budağımızın budaklarımızın 2nd plural budağınızın budaklarınızın 3rd plural budaklarının budaklarının

Derived terms

• budak deliği
• budak özü
• budaklamak
• budaklanmak
• budaklı
• budaksız
• dişbudak

 

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “budak”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 683
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “budak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük