binden
Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Dutch binden, from Old Dutch *bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editbinden
- (transitive) to tie
- (transitive) to wrap
- (transitive) to bind (generally, legally/contractually)
- (intransitive) to bind, to thicken (of food)
Conjugation
editConjugation of binden (strong class 3a) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | binden | |||
past singular | bond | |||
past participle | gebonden | |||
infinitive | binden | |||
gerund | binden n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | bind | bond | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | bindt, bind2 | bond | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | bindt | bond | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | bindt | bondt | ||
3rd person singular | bindt | bond | ||
plural | binden | bonden | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | binde | bonde | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | binden | bonden | ||
imperative sing. | bind | |||
imperative plur.1 | bindt | |||
participles | bindend | gebonden | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Derived terms
editDescendants
editGerman
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German binden, from Old High German bintan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-. Cognate with Low German binnen, Dutch binden, English bind, Danish binde.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editbinden (class 3 strong, third-person singular present bindet, past tense band, past participle gebunden, past subjunctive bände, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive) to bind, to tie, to fasten something by means of a string etc.
- Er hat den Hund an den Zaun gebunden.
- He's bound the dog to the fence.
- Aus den Zweigen binde ich einen Kranz.
- From the twigs I’ll bind a wreath.
- ein Buch binden ― to bind a book
- (transitive) to tie, to fasten a string etc.
- Ich binde mir die Schuhe. ― I'm tying my shoes.
- Sie hat sich einen Zopf gebunden.
- She's tied her hair into a ponytail.
- Er hat sich einen Schal um den Hals gebunden.
- He's tied a scarf around his neck.
- (transitive, often passive voice) to oblige, commit, bind
- Mein Vertrag bindet mich. ― My contract binds me.
- Ich bin vertraglich gebunden. ― I'm bound by a contract.
- (reflexive) to commit oneself, make a commitment (especially for marriage)
- (transitive) to make congeal, thicken, set, bond
- (transitive, of substances) to capture; to absorb (carbon dioxide etc.)
- (intransitive, of substances) to congeal, thicken, set, bond
- (phonetics, transitive) to make sandhi, crasis, liaison
- Französische Substantive werden im Singular nicht gebunden.
- There is no liaison with French singular nouns.
Conjugation
editinfinitive | binden | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | bindend | ||||
past participle | gebunden | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich binde | wir binden | i | ich binde | wir binden |
du bindest | ihr bindet | du bindest | ihr bindet | ||
er bindet | sie binden | er binde | sie binden | ||
preterite | ich band | wir banden | ii | ich bände1 | wir bänden1 |
du bandest du bandst |
ihr bandet | du bändest1 | ihr bändet1 | ||
er band | sie banden | er bände1 | sie bänden1 | ||
imperative | bind (du) binde (du) |
bindet (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
edit- abbinden
- anbinden
- Angebinde
- aufbinden
- Ausbund
- Band
- Binde
- Bindedraht
- Bindegarn
- Bindegewebe
- Bindehaut
- Bindemittel
- Binden
- bindend
- Binder
- Binderei
- Bindestrich
- Bindeton
- Bindewort
- Bindfaden
- Bindung
- Buchbinder
- Bund
- Einband
- einbinden
- entbinden
- Gebinde
- umbinden
- ungebunden
- unterbinden
- unverbindlich
- verbinden
- verbindlich
- Verbindlichkeit
- Verbindung
- Verbund
- zubinden
Further reading
editMiddle Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Old Dutch *bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-.
Verb
editbinden
Inflection
editStrong class 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | binden | |
3rd sg. past | bant | |
3rd pl. past | bonden | |
Past participle | gebonden | |
Infinitive | binden | |
In genitive | bindens | |
In dative | bindene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | binde | bant |
2nd singular | bints, bindes | bonts, bondes |
3rd singular | bint, bindet | bant |
1st plural | binden | bonden |
2nd plural | bint, bindet | bont, bondet |
3rd plural | binden | bonden |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | binde | bonde |
2nd singular | bints, bindes | bondes |
3rd singular | binde | bonde |
1st plural | binden | bonden |
2nd plural | bint, bindet | bondet |
3rd plural | binden | bonden |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | bint, binde | |
Plural | bint, bindet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | bindende | gebonden |
Derived terms
editDescendants
editFurther reading
edit- “binden (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “binden (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Middle English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old English bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną; equivalent to bynde + -en (infinitival suffix).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editbinden
- To bind, fasten; to make a knot or fastening.
- To wrap; to enclose in wrapping.
- To secure, strengthen; to make strong:
- To tie up; to strengthen with a knot.
- To connect or link (especially by binding):
- (figurative) To remember; to keep one's mental connection secure.
- (figurative) To strengthen or provide proof for an argument.
- To take away one's agency; to enthrall:
- To enter into a socially binding obligation or agreement:
- To enter into a marital relationship; to marry.
- (rare, Late Middle English) To copulate; to have sex.
- To force or compel (to perform an action):
- To decorate or adorn; to add ornaments on.
- To evacuate; to induce constipation.
- To unify or join; to make one.
- To enclose or surround; to fold as to completely conceal.
- (rare) To cohere; to enjoin with itself.
- (rare, figurative) To end or finish; to wrap up (for the sense, compare Modern English wrap up)
Usage notes
editThis verb inherited a system of alternations between the past singular stem vowel (/ɔː/ or /a/ in Middle English) and the past plural and participle stem vowel (/uː/ in Middle English) from Old English and ultimately Proto-Germanic. In the later Middle English period, the vowel of the past plural tended to replace that of the singular, though occasionally the singular form was levelled to the plural instead. The Modern English past tense bound demonstrates the completion of this levelling.
Conjugation
editinfinitive | (to) binden, binde | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | binde | band, bond, bound | |
2nd-person singular | bindest | bounde, bonde, band | |
3rd-person singular | bindeth | band, bond, bound | |
subjunctive singular | binde | bounde1, bonde1 | |
imperative singular | — | ||
plural2 | binden, binde | bounden, bounde, bonden, bonde | |
imperative plural | bindeth, binde | — | |
participles | bindynge, bindende | bounden, bounde, ybounden, ybounde |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Related terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- “bī̆nden, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-27.
Middle High German
editEtymology
editInherited from Old High German bintan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną. Cognate with Dutch binden and English bind.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editbinden (class 3 strong, third-person singular present bindet, past tense bant, past participle gebunden, past subjunctive bünde, auxiliary hān)
- to bind
Conjugation
editinfinitive | binden | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
genitive gerund | bindennes bindenes | ||||
dative gerund | bindenne bindene | ||||
present participle | bindende | ||||
past participle | gebunden | ||||
auxiliary | hān | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich binde | wir binden | i | ich binde | wir binden |
du bindest | ir bindet | du bindest | ir bindet | ||
ër bindet | sie bindent | ër binde | sie binden | ||
preterite | ich bant | wir bunden | ii | ich bünde | wir bünden |
du bünde | ir bundet | du bündest | ir bündet | ||
ër bant | sie bunden | ër bünde | sie bünden | ||
imperative | bint (du) | bindet (ir) |
Descendants
editReferences
edit- Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “binden”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
Middle Low German
editEtymology
editFrom Old Saxon bindan (“to bind”), from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editbinden
- To bind.
Conjugation
editPlain Infinitive | binden | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Full Infinitive (Gerund) | tô bindene or tô bindende | |||
Verbal Noun | binden or bindent | |||
Participles | Imperatives | |||
Present | bindende | 2nd Person Singular | bint | |
Past | gebunden | 2nd Person Plural | bindet | |
Indicative | Subjunctive | |||
Present | Preterite | Present | Preterite | |
1st Person Singular | binde | bant | binde | bünde |
2nd Person Singular | bindest or bintst | bundest or bündest | bindest | bündest |
3rd Person Singular | bindet or bint | bant | bindet | bünde |
Plural | binden (bindet?) | bunden or bünden | binden | bünden |
Descendants
edit- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰendʰ-
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪndən
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪndən/2 syllables
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch verbs
- Dutch transitive verbs
- Dutch intransitive verbs
- Dutch class 3a strong verbs
- Dutch basic verbs
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰendʰ-
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:German/ɪndn̩
- Rhymes:German/ɪndn̩/2 syllables
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German strong verbs
- German class 3 strong verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German transitive verbs
- German terms with usage examples
- German reflexive verbs
- German intransitive verbs
- de:Phonetics
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰendʰ-
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch verbs
- Middle Dutch class 3 strong verbs
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English verbs
- Middle English terms with rare senses
- Late Middle English
- Middle English class 3 strong verbs
- enm:Appearance
- enm:Emotions
- enm:Marriage
- enm:Medicine
- enm:Society
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle High German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰendʰ-
- Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German
- Middle High German terms derived from Old High German
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle High German lemmas
- Middle High German verbs
- Middle High German strong verbs
- Middle High German class 3 strong verbs
- Middle High German verbs using hān as auxiliary
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Low German lemmas
- Middle Low German verbs
- Middle Low German strong verbs
- Middle Low German class 3 strong verbs