vala

See also: Appendix:Variations of "vala"

Fanagalo

Etymology

From Zulu -vala, from Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.

Verb

vala

1. to close, to shut

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *vala, from Proto-Uralic *wala. Related to Lule Sami vuolle, Erzya вал (val, “word”) and Nganasan бәлы (bəlɨ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋɑlɑ/, [ˈʋɑ̝lɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
• Syllabification^(key): va‧la

Noun

vala

1. oath
   • 19th century, (Julius Krohn?), “Vala”, in "Sotilaspoika", editor, Suomen sotilaan lauluja, 4th edition, Porvoo: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, published 1933:

     Kuullos pyhä vala kallis Suomen maa;
     Sinuun koskea ei väkivalta saa!
     Sua suojelemme, verin varjelemme,
     Ollos huoleton,
     Poikas valveill’ on.

     Hear now our sacred oath, dear Finland
     Never shall violence touch thee!
     We will defend thee, guard with our blood,
     So be free of worry,
     thy sons are awake.

Declension

Inflection of vala (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		vala	valat
genitive		valan	valojen
partitive		valaa	valoja
illative		valaan	valoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		vala	valat
accusative	nom.	vala	valat
	gen.	valan
genitive		valan	valojen valain rare
partitive		valaa	valoja
inessive		valassa	valoissa
elative		valasta	valoista
illative		valaan	valoihin
adessive		valalla	valoilla
ablative		valalta	valoilta
allative		valalle	valoille
essive		valana	valoina
translative		valaksi	valoiksi
abessive		valatta	valoitta
instructive		—	valoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of vala (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative valani valani accusative nom. valani valani gen. valani genitive valani valojeni valaini rare partitive valaani valojani inessive valassani valoissani elative valastani valoistani illative valaani valoihini adessive valallani valoillani ablative valaltani valoiltani allative valalleni valoilleni essive valanani valoinani translative valakseni valoikseni abessive valattani valoittani instructive — — comitative — valoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative valasi valasi accusative nom. valasi valasi gen. valasi genitive valasi valojesi valaisi rare partitive valaasi valojasi inessive valassasi valoissasi elative valastasi valoistasi illative valaasi valoihisi adessive valallasi valoillasi ablative valaltasi valoiltasi allative valallesi valoillesi essive valanasi valoinasi translative valaksesi valoiksesi abessive valattasi valoittasi instructive — — comitative — valoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative valamme valamme accusative nom. valamme valamme gen. valamme genitive valamme valojemme valaimme rare partitive valaamme valojamme inessive valassamme valoissamme elative valastamme valoistamme illative valaamme valoihimme adessive valallamme valoillamme ablative valaltamme valoiltamme allative valallemme valoillemme essive valanamme valoinamme translative valaksemme valoiksemme abessive valattamme valoittamme instructive — — comitative — valoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative valanne valanne accusative nom. valanne valanne gen. valanne genitive valanne valojenne valainne rare partitive valaanne valojanne inessive valassanne valoissanne elative valastanne valoistanne illative valaanne valoihinne adessive valallanne valoillanne ablative valaltanne valoiltanne allative valallenne valoillenne essive valananne valoinanne translative valaksenne valoiksenne abessive valattanne valoittanne instructive — — comitative — valoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative valansa valansa accusative nom. valansa valansa gen. valansa genitive valansa valojensa valainsa rare partitive valaansa valojaan valojansa inessive valassaan valassansa valoissaan valoissansa elative valastaan valastansa valoistaan valoistansa illative valaansa valoihinsa adessive valallaan valallansa valoillaan valoillansa ablative valaltaan valaltansa valoiltaan valoiltansa allative valalleen valallensa valoilleen valoillensa essive valanaan valanansa valoinaan valoinansa translative valakseen valaksensa valoikseen valoiksensa abessive valattaan valattansa valoittaan valoittansa instructive — — comitative — valoineen valoinensa

Derived terms

• ilmaisuvala
• ilmoitusvala
• kuuliaisuudenvala
• lippuvala
• lääkärinvala
• olympiavala
• papinvala
• sotilasvala
• todistajanvala
• tuomarinvala
• uskollisuudenvala
• valaehtoinen
• valaliitto
• valallinen
• valamiehistö
• valamies
• valan­ottaja
• valanottaja
• valanrikkoja
• valantehnyt
• valanteko
• valan­teko­tilaisuus
• valanvannoja
• valan­vannoja
• valanvannonta
• valapatto
• vale
• verivala
• virkavala
• väärä vala

 

See also

• vannoa

Further reading

• “vala”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋɑlɑˣ/, [ˈʋɑ̝lɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
• Syllabification^(key): va‧la

Verb

vala

1. inflection of valaa:
   1. present active indicative connegative
   2. second-person singular present imperative
   3. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

Anagrams

• lava

Galician

Verb

vala

1. inflection of valar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈvɒlɒ]
• Hyphenation: va‧la

Verb

vala

1. Archaic third-person singular indicative past form of van (“to be”). For the full paradigm, see the usage template.

   Synonym: (modern form) volt

   • 1844, Sándor Petőfi, János vitéz^[3] (John the Valiant)^[4] chapter 4, stanza 1, translated by John Ridland:^[5]

     Mikorra a patak vize tükörré lett, / Melybe ezer csillag ragyogása nézett: / Jancsi Iluskáék kertje alatt vala; / Maga sem tudta, hogy mikép jutott oda.

     When the brook made a looking glass of its water, / In whose surface a thousand stars were a-glitter, / Johnny was standing at the foot of Nell's yard; / Though to tell how he'd come to it would have been hard. (literally: “… Johnny was at…”)

Conjugation

• valék, valál, vala, valánk, valátok, valának

See also

• vala-

Ingrian

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈʋɑlɑ/, [ˈʋɑɫɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈʋɑlɑ/, [ˈʋɑɫɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
• Hyphenation: va‧la

Verb

vala

1. inflection of vallaa:
   1. present indicative connegative
   2. second-person singular imperative
   3. second-person singular imperative connegative

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 636

Northern Kurdish

Alternative forms

• vale

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɑː

Adjective

vala

1. empty

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.

Verb

-vala

1. (transitive) to close, to shut

   Antonym: -vula

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

vala n pl

1. definite plural of val

Phuthi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.

Verb

-vala

1. to shut, to close

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin valla.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈva.lɐ/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈva.lɐ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈva.la/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈva.lɐ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈva.lɐ/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈba.lɐ/

• Rhymes: -alɐ
• Homophone: bala (Northern Portugal)
• Hyphenation: va‧la

Noun

vala f (plural valas)

1. ditch, trench

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• vàlāh
• vàlāj

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish والله (vallâhi), from Arabic وَاللّٰه (wa-llāh).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋǎlaː/
• Hyphenation: va‧la

Adverb

vàlā (Cyrillic spelling ва̀ла̄)

1. (regional, Bosnia) truthfully, honestly

Interjection

vàlā (Cyrillic spelling ва̀ла̄)

1. (regional, Bosnia) by God!, begad, egad, by golly

Swazi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.

Verb

-vala

1. to close, to shut

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Tongan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *lawa₃ (“loincloth, skirt”) (compare with Samoan lava-lava) related to Proto-Polynesian *lawa₂ (compare with Maori whakarawa (“to fasten”), Hawaiian lawa (“to bind”), Tongan lalava (“to braid with a sinnet, to wrap”)) from Proto-Oceanic *lawaq₂ (“spider”) (compare with Fijian lawalawa (“cobweb”)) from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lawaq (“spider”) (compare with Malay labah-labah and lelabah, Tagalog alalawa) Doublet of lavalava and lalava.

Noun

vala

1. clothes in general
2. loincloth

Venda

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.

Verb

vala

1. to close, to shut

   Antonym: vula

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.

Verb

-vala

1. (transitive) to close, to shut

   Antonym: -vula

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Yami

Etymology

Compare Malay merah (“red”).

Noun

vala

1. red

Zou

Vala khet.

Etymology

From va (“bird”) +‎ la (“feather”).

Noun

vala

1. quail

References

• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 66

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.

Verb

-vala

1. (transitive) to close, to shut

   Antonym: -vula

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuvala
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuvala	ukungavali
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	vala	-vale
Plural	valani	-valeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyavala, ngivala	engivalayo, engivala	ngivala	angivali	engingavali	ngingavali
2nd singular	uyavala, uvala	ovalayo, ovala	uvala	awuvali	ongavali	ungavali
1st plural	siyavala, sivala	esivalayo, esivala	sivala	asivali	esingavali	singavali
2nd plural	niyavala, nivala	enivalayo, enivala	nivala	anivali	eningavali	ningavali
Class 1	uyavala, uvala	ovalayo, ovala	evala	akavali	ongavali	engavali
Class 2	bayavala, bavala	abavalayo, abavala	bevala	abavali	abangavali	bengavali
Class 3	uyavala, uvala	ovalayo, ovala	uvala	awuvali	ongavali	ungavali
Class 4	iyavala, ivala	evalayo, evala	ivala	ayivali	engavali	ingavali
Class 5	liyavala, livala	elivalayo, elivala	livala	alivali	elingavali	lingavali
Class 6	ayavala, avala	avalayo, avala	evala	awavali	angavali	engavali
Class 7	siyavala, sivala	esivalayo, esivala	sivala	asivali	esingavali	singavali
Class 8	ziyavala, zivala	ezivalayo, ezivala	zivala	azivali	ezingavali	zingavali
Class 9	iyavala, ivala	evalayo, evala	ivala	ayivali	engavali	ingavali
Class 10	ziyavala, zivala	ezivalayo, ezivala	zivala	azivali	ezingavali	zingavali
Class 11	luyavala, luvala	oluvalayo, oluvala	luvala	aluvali	olungavali	lungavali
Class 14	buyavala, buvala	obuvalayo, obuvala	buvala	abuvali	obungavali	bungavali
Class 15	kuyavala, kuvala	okuvalayo, okuvala	kuvala	akuvali	okungavali	kungavali
Class 17	kuyavala, kuvala	okuvalayo, okuvala	kuvala	akuvali	okungavali	kungavali
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngivalile, ngivalē	engivalile, engivalē	ngivalile, ngivalē	angivalanga	engingavalanga	ngingavalanga
2nd singular	uvalile, uvalē	ovalile, ovalē	uvalile, uvalē	awuvalanga	ongavalanga	ungavalanga
1st plural	sivalile, sivalē	esivalile, esivalē	sivalile, sivalē	asivalanga	esingavalanga	singavalanga
2nd plural	nivalile, nivalē	enivalile, enivalē	nivalile, nivalē	anivalanga	eningavalanga	ningavalanga
Class 1	uvalile, uvalē	ovalile, ovalē	evalile, evalē	akavalanga	ongavalanga	engavalanga
Class 2	bavalile, bavalē	abavalile, abavalē	bevalile, bevalē	abavalanga	abangavalanga	bengavalanga
Class 3	uvalile, uvalē	ovalile, ovalē	uvalile, uvalē	awuvalanga	ongavalanga	ungavalanga
Class 4	ivalile, ivalē	evalile, evalē	ivalile, ivalē	ayivalanga	engavalanga	ingavalanga
Class 5	livalile, livalē	elivalile, elivalē	livalile, livalē	alivalanga	elingavalanga	lingavalanga
Class 6	avalile, avalē	avalile, avalē	evalile, evalē	awavalanga	angavalanga	engavalanga
Class 7	sivalile, sivalē	esivalile, esivalē	sivalile, sivalē	asivalanga	esingavalanga	singavalanga
Class 8	zivalile, zivalē	ezivalile, ezivalē	zivalile, zivalē	azivalanga	ezingavalanga	zingavalanga
Class 9	ivalile, ivalē	evalile, evalē	ivalile, ivalē	ayivalanga	engavalanga	ingavalanga
Class 10	zivalile, zivalē	ezivalile, ezivalē	zivalile, zivalē	azivalanga	ezingavalanga	zingavalanga
Class 11	luvalile, luvalē	oluvalile, oluvalē	luvalile, luvalē	aluvalanga	olungavalanga	lungavalanga
Class 14	buvalile, buvalē	obuvalile, obuvalē	buvalile, buvalē	abuvalanga	obungavalanga	bungavalanga
Class 15	kuvalile, kuvalē	okuvalile, okuvalē	kuvalile, kuvalē	akuvalanga	okungavalanga	kungavalanga
Class 17	kuvalile, kuvalē	okuvalile, okuvalē	kuvalile, kuvalē	akuvalanga	okungavalanga	kungavalanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāvala	engāvala	ngāvala	angivalanga	engingavalanga	ngingavalanga
2nd singular	wāvala	owāvala	wāvala	awuvalanga	ongavalanga	ungavalanga
1st plural	sāvala	esāvala	sāvala	asivalanga	esingavalanga	singavalanga
2nd plural	nāvala	enāvala	nāvala	anivalanga	eningavalanga	ningavalanga
Class 1	wāvala	owāvala	āvala	akavalanga	ongavalanga	engavalanga
Class 2	bāvala	abāvala	bāvala	abavalanga	abangavalanga	bengavalanga
Class 3	wāvala	owāvala	wāvala	awuvalanga	ongavalanga	ungavalanga
Class 4	yāvala	eyāvala	yāvala	ayivalanga	engavalanga	ingavalanga
Class 5	lāvala	elāvala	lāvala	alivalanga	elingavalanga	lingavalanga
Class 6	āvala	āvala	āvala	awavalanga	angavalanga	engavalanga
Class 7	sāvala	esāvala	sāvala	asivalanga	esingavalanga	singavalanga
Class 8	zāvala	ezāvala	zāvala	azivalanga	ezingavalanga	zingavalanga
Class 9	yāvala	eyāvala	yāvala	ayivalanga	engavalanga	ingavalanga
Class 10	zāvala	ezāvala	zāvala	azivalanga	ezingavalanga	zingavalanga
Class 11	lwāvala	olwāvala	lwāvala	aluvalanga	olungavalanga	lungavalanga
Class 14	bāvala	obāvala	bāvala	abuvalanga	obungavalanga	bungavalanga
Class 15	kwāvala	okwāvala	kwāvala	akuvalanga	okungavalanga	kungavalanga
Class 17	kwāvala	okwāvala	kwāvala	akuvalanga	okungavalanga	kungavalanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingavala	—	ngingavala	ngingevale	—	ngingevale
2nd singular	ungavala	—	ungavala	ungevale	—	ungevale
1st plural	singavala	—	singavala	singevale	—	singevale
2nd plural	ningavala	—	ningavala	ningevale	—	ningevale
Class 1	angavala	—	engavala	angevale	—	engevale
Class 2	bangavala	—	bengavala	bangevale	—	bengevale
Class 3	ungavala	—	ungavala	ungevale	—	ungevale
Class 4	ingavala	—	ingavala	ingevale	—	ingevale
Class 5	lingavala	—	lingavala	lingevale	—	lingevale
Class 6	angavala	—	engavala	angevale	—	engevale
Class 7	singavala	—	singavala	singevale	—	singevale
Class 8	zingavala	—	zingavala	zingevale	—	zingevale
Class 9	ingavala	—	ingavala	ingevale	—	ingevale
Class 10	zingavala	—	zingavala	zingevale	—	zingevale
Class 11	lungavala	—	lungavala	lungevale	—	lungevale
Class 14	bungavala	—	bungavala	bungevale	—	bungevale
Class 15	kungavala	—	kungavala	kungevale	—	kungevale
Class 17	kungavala	—	kungavala	kungevale	—	kungevale
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizovala	engizovala	ngizovala	angizuvala	engingezuvala	ngingezuvala
2nd singular	uzovala	ozovala	uzovala	awuzuvala	ongezuvala	ungezuvala
1st plural	sizovala	esizovala	sizovala	asizuvala	esingezuvala	singezuvala
2nd plural	nizovala	enizovala	nizovala	anizuvala	eningezuvala	ningezuvala
Class 1	uzovala	ozovala	ezovala	akazuvala	ongezuvala	engezuvala
Class 2	bazovala	abazovala	bezovala	abazuvala	abangezuvala	bengezuvala
Class 3	uzovala	ozovala	uzovala	awuzuvala	ongezuvala	ungezuvala
Class 4	izovala	ezovala	izovala	ayizuvala	engezuvala	ingezuvala
Class 5	lizovala	elizovala	lizovala	alizuvala	elingezuvala	lingezuvala
Class 6	azovala	azovala	ezovala	awazuvala	angezuvala	engezuvala
Class 7	sizovala	esizovala	sizovala	asizuvala	esingezuvala	singezuvala
Class 8	zizovala	ezizovala	zizovala	azizuvala	ezingezuvala	zingezuvala
Class 9	izovala	ezovala	izovala	ayizuvala	engezuvala	ingezuvala
Class 10	zizovala	ezizovala	zizovala	azizuvala	ezingezuvala	zingezuvala
Class 11	luzovala	oluzovala	luzovala	aluzuvala	olungezuvala	lungezuvala
Class 14	buzovala	obuzovala	buzovala	abuzuvala	obungezuvala	bungezuvala
Class 15	kuzovala	okuzovala	kuzovala	akuzuvala	okungezuvala	kungezuvala
Class 17	kuzovala	okuzovala	kuzovala	akuzuvala	okungezuvala	kungezuvala
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyovala	engiyovala	ngiyovala	angiyuvala	engingeyuvala	ngingeyuvala
2nd singular	uyovala	oyovala	uyovala	awuyuvala	ongeyuvala	ungeyuvala
1st plural	siyovala	esiyovala	siyovala	asiyuvala	esingeyuvala	singeyuvala
2nd plural	niyovala	eniyovala	niyovala	aniyuvala	eningeyuvala	ningeyuvala
Class 1	uyovala	oyovala	eyovala	akayuvala	ongeyuvala	engeyuvala
Class 2	bayovala	abayovala	beyovala	abayuvala	abangeyuvala	bengeyuvala
Class 3	uyovala	oyovala	uyovala	awuyuvala	ongeyuvala	ungeyuvala
Class 4	iyovala	eyovala	iyovala	ayiyuvala	engeyuvala	ingeyuvala
Class 5	liyovala	eliyovala	liyovala	aliyuvala	elingeyuvala	lingeyuvala
Class 6	ayovala	ayovala	eyovala	awayuvala	angeyuvala	engeyuvala
Class 7	siyovala	esiyovala	siyovala	asiyuvala	esingeyuvala	singeyuvala
Class 8	ziyovala	eziyovala	ziyovala	aziyuvala	ezingeyuvala	zingeyuvala
Class 9	iyovala	eyovala	iyovala	ayiyuvala	engeyuvala	ingeyuvala
Class 10	ziyovala	eziyovala	ziyovala	aziyuvala	ezingeyuvala	zingeyuvala
Class 11	luyovala	oluyovala	luyovala	aluyuvala	olungeyuvala	lungeyuvala
Class 14	buyovala	obuyovala	buyovala	abuyuvala	obungeyuvala	bungeyuvala
Class 15	kuyovala	okuyovala	kuyovala	akuyuvala	okungeyuvala	kungeyuvala
Class 17	kuyovala	okuyovala	kuyovala	akuyuvala	okungeyuvala	kungeyuvala
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngivale	ngingavali
2nd singular	uvale	ungavali
1st plural	sivale	singavali
2nd plural	nivale	ningavali
Class 1	avale	angavali
Class 2	bavale	bangavali
Class 3	uvale	ungavali
Class 4	ivale	ingavali
Class 5	livale	lingavali
Class 6	avale	angavali
Class 7	sivale	singavali
Class 8	zivale	zingavali
Class 9	ivale	ingavali
Class 10	zivale	zingavali
Class 11	luvale	lungavali
Class 14	buvale	bungavali
Class 15	kuvale	kungavali
Class 17	kuvale	kungavali
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngavala	ngangavala, angavala, angangavala
2nd singular	wavala	wangavala, awavala, awangavala
1st plural	savala	sangavala, asavala, asangavala
2nd plural	navala	nangavala, anavala, anangavala
Class 1	wavala	wangavala, akavala, akangavala
Class 2	bavala	bangavala, abavala, abangavala
Class 3	wavala	wangavala, awavala, awangavala
Class 4	yavala	yangavala, ayavala, ayangavala
Class 5	lavala	langavala, alavala, alangavala
Class 6	avala	angavala, awavala, awangavala
Class 7	savala	sangavala, asavala, asangavala
Class 8	zavala	zangavala, azavala, azangavala
Class 9	yavala	yangavala, ayavala, ayangavala
Class 10	zavala	zangavala, azavala, azangavala
Class 11	lwavala	lwangavala, alwavala, alwangavala
Class 14	bavala	bangavala, abavala, abangavala
Class 15	kwavala	kwangavala, akwavala, akwangavala
Class 17	kwavala	kwangavala, akwavala, akwangavala

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “vala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “vala (6.3)”