Wiktionary

歉

See also: 欠
歉 U+6B49, 歉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B49
← 歈
[U+6B48] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 歊 →
[U+6B4A]

Translingual

edit

Han character

edit

歉 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿金弓人 (TCNO) or 難廿金弓人 (XTCNO), four-corner 87282, composition ⿰兼欠)

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 570, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16159
  • Dae Jaweon: page 958, character 30
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2148, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+6B49

Chinese

edit
simp. and trad.
 歉
2nd round simp. 倩

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character 歉
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 
Characters in the same phonetic series (兼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
譧 *r'eːms
賺 *r'eːms
尲 *kreːm
鹻 *kreːmʔ
歉 *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms
槏 *kʰreːmʔ
鰜 *ɡreːm, *keːm
稴 *ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm
豏 *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms
甉 *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm
廉 *ɡ·rem
鎌 *ɡ·rem
鬑 *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
鐮 *ɡ·rem
簾 *ɡ·rem
薕 *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
蠊 *ɡ·rem
嬚 *ɡ·remʔ
溓 *ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ
嵰 *kʰremʔ
隒 *ŋɡremʔ
熑 *ɡ·reːm
濂 *ɡ·reːm
燫 *ɡ·reːm
兼 *keːm, *keːms
縑 *keːm
鶼 *keːm
蒹 *keːm
搛 *keːm
謙 *kʰeːm
膁 *kʰeːmʔ
嗛 *kʰeːmʔ
慊 *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb
傔 *kʰeːms
馦 *qʰeːm
嫌 *ɡeːm
鼸 *ɡeːmʔ
尷 *kreːm

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms) : phonetic 兼 (OC *keːm, *keːms) + semantic 欠 (“person with mouth open”) to convey the original meaning of feeling hunger after eating. The phonetic component 兼 could be a reference to food since it represents a hand holding two crop plants.

Pronunciation

edit
Rime
Character 歉 歉 歉
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 溪 (29) 溪 (29) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 添 (157) 咸 (151) 咸 (151)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) IV II II
Fanqie 苦簟切 苦減切 口陷切
Baxter khemX kheamX kheamH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰemX/ /kʰˠɛmX/ /kʰˠɛmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰemX/ /kʰᵚæmX/ /kʰᵚæmH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰɛmX/ /kʰɐmX/ /kʰɐmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰɛmX/ /kʰəɨmX/ /kʰəɨmH/
Li
Rong 		/kʰemX/ /kʰɐmX/ /kʰɐmH/
Wang
Li 		/kʰiemX/ /kʰɐmX/ /kʰɐmH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kʰiemX/ /kʰămX/ /kʰămH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qiǎn qiǎn qiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		him2 haam2 haam3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 歉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qiàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khɛmH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰˁremʔ-s/
English deficient, modest

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 歉 歉 歉 歉
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
No. 6033 6034 6071 6075
Phonetic
component 		兼 兼 兼 兼
Rime
group 		談 談 談 談
Rime
subdivision 		2 2 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		歉 㦿 嗛
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰreːms/ /*kʰreːmʔ/ /*kʰeːmʔ/ /*kʰeːms/
Notes 校本右從攴

Definitions

edit

歉

  1. deficient; lacking; insufficient
  2. to apologize
  3. to regret; to be dissatisfied
  4. crop failure; poor harvest
  5. (obsolete) to not eat enough food

Compounds

edit

Japanese

edit

Kanji

edit
歉

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. insufficiency
  2. lack
  3. shortage

Readings

edit
  • On (unclassified): けん (ken)、かん (kan)
  • Kun: あきたりない (akitarinai)

Korean

edit

Hanja

edit

歉 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

歉: Hán Nôm readings: gồm, khiểm, khiễm, khiệm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=歉&oldid=82539193"