ъ

See also: ь, ѣ, Ъ, and Ь

ъ U+044A, ъ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN ← щ [U+0449] Cyrillic ы → [U+044B]

A distinctive glyph is used for Bulgarian. It resembles the handwritten form in Russian.

Character variations

ᲆ U+1C86, ᲆ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TALL HARD SIGN ← ᲅ [U+1C85] Cyrillic Extended-C ᲇ → [U+1C87]

Translingual

Letter

ъ (upper case Ъ)

1. A letter of the Cyrillic script, called hard sign.

Letter

ъ (upper case Ъ)

1. A letter of the Old Cyrillic script, called back yer or yeru.

Gallery

• 
  Regular.
• 
  Italics.
• 
  Handwritten.

Abaza

Letter

ъ • (ʔ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The sixty-sixth letter of the Abaza alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гв гв, Гъ гъ, Гъв гъв, Гъь гъь, Гь гь, Гӏ гӏ, Гӏв гӏв, Д д, Дж дж, Джв джв, Джь джь, Дз дз, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, Жв жв, Жь жь, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Кв кв, Къ къ, Къв къв, Къь къь, Кь кь, Кӏ кӏ, Кӏв кӏв, Кӏь кӏь, Л л, Ль ль, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тл тл, Тш тш, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Хв хв, Хъ хъ, Хъв хъв, Хь хь, Хӏ хӏ, Хӏв хӏв, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чв чв, Чӏ чӏ, Чӏв чӏв, Ш ш, Шв шв, Шӏ шӏ, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Adyghe

Letter

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The fifty-ninth letter of the Adyghe alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гу гу, Гъ гъ, Гъу гъу, Д д, Дж дж, Дз дз, Дзу дзу, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, Жъ жъ, Жъу жъу, Жь жь, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Ку ку, Къ къ, Къу къу, Кӏ кӏ, Кӏу кӏу, Л л, Лъ лъ, Лӏ лӏ, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пӏ пӏ, Пӏу пӏу, Р р, С с, Т т, Тӏ тӏ, Тӏу тӏу, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Хъ хъ, Хъу хъу, Хь хь, Ц ц, Цу цу, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чӏ чӏ, Чъ чъ, Ш ш, Шъ шъ, Шъу шъу, Шӏ шӏ, Шӏу шӏу, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, ӏ ӏ, ӏу ӏу

Aghul

Letter

ъ (ʔ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The forty-seventh letter of the Aghul alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Гь гь, Гӏ гӏ, Д д, Дж дж, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Кк кк, Къ къ, Кь кь, Кӏ кӏ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пп пп, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тт тт, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Уь уь, Ф ф, Х х, Хъ хъ, Хь хь, Хӏ хӏ, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чч чч, Чӏ чӏ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, ӏ ӏ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Alutor

Letter

ъ (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-fourth letter of the Alutor alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Вʼ вʼ, Г г, Гʼ гʼ, Ғ ғ, Д д, Е е, Ә ә, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Ӄ ӄ, Л л, М м, Н н, Ӈ ӈ, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Avar

Letter

ъ • (ʔ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The forty-first letter of the Avar alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Гь гь, Гӏ гӏ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Къ къ, Кь кь, Кӏ кӏ, Л л, Лъ лъ, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Хъ хъ, Хь хь, Хӏ хӏ, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чӏ чӏ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Bashkir

Letter

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-sixth letter of the Bashkir alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) хәреф; А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Ғ ғ, Д д, Ҙ ҙ, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Ҡ ҡ, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Ҫ ҫ, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Һ һ, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ә ә, Ю ю, Я я

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɤ], [ɤ̞]

Letter

ъ • (ǎ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Bulgarian alphabet, called ер голям (er goljam), and written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ж ж, З з, И и (Ѝ ѝ), Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ь ь, Ю ю, Я я

Buryat

Letter

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-first letter of the Buryat alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Һ һ, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Chechen

Letter

ъ • (ʔ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The forty-first letter of the Chechen alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Аь аь, Б б, В в, Г г, Гӏ гӏ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Кх кх, Къ къ, Кӏ кӏ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, Оь оь, П п, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Уь уь, Ф ф, Х х, Хь хь, Хӏ хӏ, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чӏ чӏ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Юь юь, Я я, Яь яь, ӏ ӏ

Chukchi

Letter

ъ (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-first letter of the Chukchi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Ӄ ӄ, Л л, Ԓ ԓ, М м, Н н, Ӈ ӈ, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, ʼ

Chuvash

Letter

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-second letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Ӑ ӑ, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ӗ ӗ, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Ҫ ҫ, Т т, У у, Ӳ ӳ, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Crimean Tatar

Letter

ъ (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-second letter of the Crimean Tatar alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Къ къ, Л л, М м, Н н, Нъ нъ, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Дж дж, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Dargwa

Letter

ъ • (ʾ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The forty-first letter of the Dargwa alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Гь гь, Гӏ гӏ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Къ къ, Кь кь, Кӏ кӏ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Хъ хъ, Хь хь, Хӏ хӏ, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чӏ чӏ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Dungan

Letter

ъ • (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-third letter of the Dungan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ә ә, Ж ж, Җ җ, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ў ў, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Eastern Mari

Letter

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-first letter of the Eastern Mari alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ҥ ҥ, О о, Ӧ ӧ, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ӱ ӱ, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Even

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-first letter of the Even alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ӈ ӈ, О о, Ө ө, Ӫ ӫ, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Evenki

Letter

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Evenki alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ӈ ӈ, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Ingush

Letter

ъ • (ʔ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-ninth letter of the Ingush alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Аь аь, Б б, В в, Г г, Гӏ гӏ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Кх кх, Къ къ, Кӏ кӏ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Хь хь, Хӏ хӏ, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чӏ чӏ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, Яь яь, ӏ ӏ

Itelmen

Letter

ъ (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The forty-second letter of the Itelmen alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Ӑ ӑ, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Кʼ кʼ, Ӄ ӄ, Ӄʼ ӄʼ, Л л, Љ љ, Ԓ ԓ, М м, Н н, Њ њ, Ӈ ӈ, О о, О̆ о̆, П п, Пʼ пʼ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тʼ тʼ, У у, Ў ў, Ф ф, Х х, Ӽ ӽ, Ц ц, Ч ч, Чʼ чʼ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Ә ә, Э э, Ю ю, Я я (ʼ, ˚)

Kabardian

Letter

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The fifty-third letter of the Kabardian alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Э э, Б б, В в, Г г, Гу гу, Гъ гъ, Гъу гъу, Д д, Дж дж, Дз дз, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, Жь жь, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Ку ку, Кӏ кӏ, Кӏу кӏу, Къ къ, Къу къу, Кхъ кхъ, Кхъу кхъу, Л л, Лъ лъ, Лӏ лӏ, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Ф ф, Фӏ фӏ, Х х, Ху ху, Хь хь, Хъ хъ, Хъу хъу, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Щӏ щӏ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Ю ю, Я я, ӏ ӏ, ӏу ӏу

Kalmyk

Letter

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-fourth letter of the Kalmyk alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Ә ә, Б б, В в, Г г, Һ һ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, Җ җ, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Kazakh

Alternative scripts
Arabic	n/a
Cyrillic	ъ
Latin	n/a
Yañalif	ʼ

Letter

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-sixth letter of the Kazakh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Ә ә, Б б, В в, Г г, Ғ ғ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Қ қ, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ұ ұ, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Һ һ, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, І і, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Khakas

Letter

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-fourth letter of the Khakas alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Ғ ғ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, І і, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, Ӧ ӧ, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ӱ ӱ, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ӌ ӌ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Kumyk

Letter

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-fourth letter of the Kumyk alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Гь гь, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Къ къ, Л л, М м, Н н, Нг нг, О о, Оь оь, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Уь уь, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Kyrgyz

Letter

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-first letter of the Kyrgyz alphabet, called ажыратуу белгиси (ajıratuu belgisi), and written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Lezgi

Letter

ъ • (ʾ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The fortieth letter of the Lezgi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Гь гь, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Къ къ, Кь кь, Кӏ кӏ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Уь уь, Ф ф, Х х, Хъ хъ, Хь хь, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чӏ чӏ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Mongolian

Letter

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirtieth letter of the Mongolian alphabet, called хатуугийн тэмдэг (xatuugiin temdeg), and written in the Cyrillic script.

Usage notes

Due to its rarity, the hard sign ъ is sometimes replaced by the more common soft sign ь (ʹ).

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) үсэг; А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Nivkh

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The forty-first letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Ӷ ӷ, Ғ ғ, Ӻ ӻ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Кʼ кʼ, Қ қ, Қʼ қʼ, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, П п, Пʼ пʼ, Р р, Р̆ р̆, С с, Т т, Тʼ тʼ, У у, Ў ў, Ф ф, Х х, Ҳ ҳ, Ӿ ӿ, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Northern Mansi

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-fifth letter of the Northern Mansi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, А̄ а̄, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Е̄ е̄, Ё ё, Ё̄ ё̄, Ж ж, З з, И и, Ӣ ӣ, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ӈ ӈ, О о, О̄ о̄, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ӯ ӯ, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ы̄ ы̄, Ь ь, Э э, Э̄ э̄, Ю ю, Ю̄ ю̄, Я я, Я̄ я̄

Old Novgorodian

Letter

ъ • (ŭ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. A letter of the Old Novgorodian alphabet, written in the Old Cyrillic script.
   • c. 1025‒1050, Берестяная грамота № 591 [Birchbark letter no. 591]‎^[1], Novgorod:

     а б в г д е ж ꙃ ꙁ [м] л н о п р с т оу ф х ц ч ш ъ ѣ ѫ ѭ у ѧ

     a b v g d e ž dz z [m] l n o p r s t u f x ć ć š ŭ jě ǫ jǫ u ję

   • c. 1180‒1200, Берестяная грамота № 460 [Birchbark letter no. 460]‎^[2], Novgorod:

     а б в г д е ж ꙅ ꙁ и ї к л м н о п р с т уо ѳ х ѡ ц ч ш щ ъ ѣ ѫ ю у ѧ

     a b v g d e ž dz z i i k l m n o p r s t u θ x o ć ć š ść ŭ jě ǫ ju u ję

   • c. 1200‒1220, Берестяная грамота № 778 [Birchbark letter no. 778]‎^[3], Novgorod:

     а б в г д е ж ꙃ ꙁ и ї к л м н о п р с т оу ф х ѿ ц ч ш ъ ѣ ѫ ѫ ю ѧ

     a b v g d e ž dz z i i k l m n o p r s t u f x otŭ ć ć š ŭ jě ǫ ǫ ju ję

   • c. 1240‒1260, Onfim, Берестяная грамота № 199 [Birchbark letter no. 199]‎^[4], Novgorod:

     а б в г д ¦ е ж ꙅ ꙁ и и к л м н о п р с т у ѳ х ѿ ц ч ш щ ъ ꙑ [ь] ѣ ꙋ ю ѫ ѧ …

     a b v g d ¦ e ž dz z i i k l m n o p r s t u θ x otŭ ć ć š ść ŭ y [ĭ] jě u ju ǫ ję …

   • c. 1240‒1260, Onfim, Берестяная грамота № 201 [Birchbark letter no. 201]‎^[5], Novgorod:

     а б : в г : д е : ж ꙅ : ꙁ и : і к : л м : н о : п р : с т : у ѳ х ѿ : ц ч : ш щ : ъ ꙑ : ь ѣ : ꙋ ю : ѫ ѧ : …

     a b : v g : d e : ž dz : z i : i k : l m : n o : p r : s t : u θ x otŭ : ć ć : š ść : ŭ y : ĭ jě : u ju : ǫ ję : …

   • c. 1240‒1260, Onfim, Берестяная грамота № 205 [Birchbark letter no. 205]‎^[6], Novgorod:

     а б в г д е ж ꙅ ꙁ и і к л м н о п р с т у ѳ х отъ ц ч ш щ ъ ꙑ ь ѣ ꙋ ю ѫ ѧ

     a b v g d e ž dz z i i k l m n o p r s t u θ x otŭ ć ć š ść ŭ y ĭ jě u ju ǫ ję

   • c. 1340‒1360, Берестяная грамота № Ст. Р. 25 [Birchbark letter no. St. R. 25]‎^[7], Staraya Russa:

     а б в г … н о - - - т у ѳ х [ѿ] … [ъ] - [ь] ѣ ѫ - …

     a b v g … n o - - - t u θ x [otŭ] … [ŭ] - [ĭ] jě ǫ - …

   • c. 1380‒1400, Берестяная грамота № Ст. Р. 24 [Birchbark letter no. St. R. 24]‎^[8], Staraya Russa:

     а б в г д е ж [ꙅ] ꙁ и і к л м н о п р с т у ф х [ѿ] ѡ ц ч ш щ ъ ꙑ ь ѣ ѧ

     a b v g d e ž [dz] z i i k l m n o p r s t u f x [otŭ] o ć ć š ść ŭ y ĭ jě ję

Ossetian

Letter

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-eighth letter of the Ossetian alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Usage notes

Only used in Russian borrowings.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Ӕ ӕ, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Д д, Дж дж, Дз дз, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Къ къ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пъ пъ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тъ тъ, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Хъ хъ, Ц ц, Цъ цъ, Ч ч, Чъ чъ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Russian

Pronunciation

This letter has no pronunciation of its own. It instead functions as a graphic sign.

Letter

ъ (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The twenty-eighth letter of the Russian alphabet, called твёрдый знак (tvjórdyj znak), and written in the Cyrillic script.

Usage notes

The hard sign has no sound of its own, but modifies that of the preceding consonant by causing it to be pronounced unpalatalized (i.e. hard). Some writers use an apostrophe instead of ъ (e.g. съезд (sʺjezd) — с'езд (s’ezd)) which is considered non-standard or obsolete.

Before the 1918 spelling reform, ъ also appeared after every final consonant except й (e.g. грѣхъ (grěx, “sin, fault”)), or after words like въ (v, “in, to”) and съ (s, “with”) that are nowadays spelled as only a single consonant. After the 1918 spelling reform, when the usage of ъ was heavily reduced, some typewriters did not have the letter at all, forcing people to use an apostrophe.

See also

• ь (ʹ) (soft sign)
• (Cyrillic-script letters) бу́ква; А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Southern Altai

Letter

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-second letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Ј ј, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ҥ ҥ, О о, Ӧ ӧ, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ӱ ӱ, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Tabasaran

Letter

ъ • (ʾ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The forty-first letter of the Tabasaran alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Аь аь, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Гь гь, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Къ къ, Кь кь, Кӏ кӏ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Пӏ пӏ, Р р, С с, Т т, Тӏ тӏ, У у, Уь уь, Ф ф, Х х, Хъ хъ, Хь хь, Ц ц, Цӏ цӏ, Ч ч, Чӏ чӏ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, ӏ ӏ, ʼ

Tajik

Letter

ъ • (ʾ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-second letter of the Tajik alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Ғ ғ, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Ӣ ӣ, Й й, К к, Қ қ, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ӯ ӯ, Ф ф, Х х, Ҳ ҳ, Ч ч, Ҷ ҷ, Ш ш, Ъ ъ, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Tatar

Letter

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-fourth letter of the Tatar alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Ә ә, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, Җ җ, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Һ һ, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Tundra Nenets

Letter

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Tundra Nenets alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ӈ ӈ, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, ʼ, ˮ

Tuvan

Letter

ъ • (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-first letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ң ң, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Udmurt

Letter

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-third letter of the Udmurt alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, Ӝ ӝ, З з, Ӟ ӟ, И и, Ӥ ӥ, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, Ӧ ӧ, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ӵ ӵ, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Uzbek

Letter

ъ (’) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Uzbek alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Ъ ъ, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, Ў ў, Қ қ, Ғ ғ, Ҳ ҳ

Western Mari

Letter

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-first letter of the Western Mari alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Ӓ ӓ, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, Ӧ ӧ, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ӱ ӱ, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ӹ ӹ, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я

Yakut

Letter

ъ • () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

1. The thirty-fifth letter of the Yakut alphabet, called кытаанах бэлиэ (kıtaanaq belie), and written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Ҕ ҕ, Д д, Дь дь, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ҥ ҥ, Нь нь, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Һ һ, Т т, У у, Ү ү, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я