Early general elections were held in the New Hebrides on 29 November 1977 following the dissolution of the Representative Assembly elected in 1975 due to the Vanua'aku Pati blocking its work in order to protest the inclusion of members elected by the Chamber of Commerce.
The Vanua'aku Pati and other pro-independence parties boycotted the elections, meaning no seats were contested.[1] The result was a victory for the francophone Tanunion.[2] Nagriamel emerged as the second-largest party with seven seats.[3]
Background
editAfter the elections were announced, the Vanua'aku Pati issued a list of five demands that if not met, would result in them boycotting the elections. The demands were that voting rights be restricted to the indigenous population, the voting age be reduced to 18, a party winning a majority of seats be able to form a government alone, that the new government should have the powers required for self-government, and that an independence referendum be held by the end of the year.[4]
Results
editOf the 38 members elected, 26 were new to the Assembly.[5]
Nagriamel won seven seats and the Natatok Efate party won five. Other parties that won seats included the Movement for the Autonomy of the New Hebrides (MANH), Tanunion (a successor to the UCNH) and the Federation of Independents (FEDIP).[5]
A majority group of 21 representatives was established by Tanunion, Natatok Efate and two independents. FEDIP, the MANH and Nagriamel joined with three independents to form an opposition bloc holding the remaining 17 seats.[5]
Aftermath
editOn election day the Vanua'aku Pati announced the establishment of a People's Provisional Government, raising its flag at 47 of 50 party locations.[6] It subsequently which took control of large areas of several islands until it was dissolved in May 1978.[7]
When the newly elected Assembly met, Maxime Carlot Korman was elected as its president.[1] George Kalsakau of Natatok Efate was appointed as the first Chief Minister, heading a seven-member Council of Ministers including four members of the Tanunion/Natatko Efate group and two members of the FEDIP/MANH group.[5]
| Kalsakau cabinet | |
|---|---|
| Position | Minister |
| Chief Minister | George Kalsakau |
| Minister for Finance | Guy Prévot |
| Minister for Internal Affairs | Vincent Boulekone |
| Minister for Natural Resources | Albert Ravuti |
| Minister for Social Affairs | Gérard Leymang |
| Minister for Trade, Industry and Tourism | Aimé Maleré |
On 15 December 1978 Kalsakau lost a motion of no confidence by thirty votes to six,[5] and was removed as Chief Minister; the following day he was appointed as the Speaker of the Assembly. On 21 December he was succeeded as Chief Minister by Gérard Leymang who formed a unity government including the Vanua'aku Pati. Vanua'aku Pati leader Walter Lini was appointed Deputy Chief Minister and Minister for Social Affairs.[8]
| Leymang cabinet | |
|---|---|
| Position | Minister |
| Chief Minister | Gérard Leymang |
| Deputy Chief Minister Minister for Social Affairs |
Walter Lini |
| Minister for Education | Donald Kalpokas |
| Minister for Finance | Guy Prévot |
| Minister for Health | John Naupa |
| Minister for Internal Affairs | Maxime Carlot Korman |
| Minister for Public Services | George Kalkoa |
| Minister for Trade, Industry and Tourism | Aimé Maleré |
| Minister for Transport and Communications | Luke Dini |
| Minister for Natural Resources | Thomas Reuben |
References
edit- ^ a b New Hebrides' new era Pacific Islands Monthly, March 1978, p28
- ^ Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume II, p834 ISBN 0-19-924959-8
- ^ Across the Hebrides gap Pacific Islands Monthly, May 1978, pp33–35
- ^ Vanuaaku's stand on poll Pacific Islands Monthly, November 1977, p32
- ^ a b c d e James Jupp & Marian Sawer (1979) "New Hebrides 1978-79: Self-Government by Whom and for Whom?", The Journal of Pacific History, Volume 14, Number 4, pp208–220
- ^ Turmoil in New Hebrides Pacific Islands Monthly, January 1978, p5
- ^ Van Trease, Howard (9 August 2006). "The Operation of the single non-transferable vote system in Vanuatu". Commonwealth & Comparative Politics. 43 (3): 296–332. doi:10.1080/14662040500304833.
- ^ Hebrides' red letter day Pacific Islands Monthly, February 1979, p21