Yola (Fulfulde: Ƴola), meaning 'Great Plain' or 'Vast Plain Land', is the capital city and administrative centre of Adamawa State, Nigeria. It is located on the Benue River, and has a population of over 336,648 (2010).[2] Yola is split into two parts. The old town of Yola where the Lamido of Adamawa resides, is the traditional city and the new city of Jimeta (about 5 km or 3 mi NW) is the administrative and commercial centre.
Yola
"Yola-Jimeta" | |
|---|---|
  Yola Location in Nigeria | |
| Coordinates: 9°13′48″N 12°27′36″E / 9.23000°N 12.46000°E | |
| Country |  Nigeria |
| State | Adamawa State |
| Area | |
| • Total | 118 km2 (46 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 599 m (1,965 ft) |
| Population (2006 census)[1] | |
| • Total | 392,854 |
| • Density | 3,300/km2 (8,600/sq mi) |
| Ethnicity | |
| • Ethnic groups | Fulani · Kilba · Kanuri |
| Time zone | GMT+1 |
| Climate | Aw |
To the north are the Mandara Mountains and to the south are the Shebshi Mountains and Mount Dimlang (Vogel Peak) .
Yola is an access point to the Gashaka Gumpti Nature Reserve, which is one of the largest national park in Nigeria, the Ngel Nyaki montane forest reserve, the Mambilla Plateau, the Sukur UNESCO World Heritage Site, which is Africa's first cultural landscape to receive World Heritage List inscription,[3] the Yadin Waterfalls, the Kiri Dam on the Gongola River, the Benue national park in nearby Cameroon, the Waza National Park, and the Cameroonian town of Garoua, which lies across the border, on the Benue river.
History
editIt was established in 1841, Yola is a municipality that sprawls across the hillside of this North-Eastern region of Nigeria. It was the capital of a Fulani state until it was taken over by the British in 1901. Today, it is the capital of Adamawa State, which was formed in 1991 from part of Gongola State. Modibbo Adama, a local chief of the Fulani, founded Yola in 1841. During the Islamic movement led by Shehu Usman Dan Fodio in the early 19th century, Modibbo Adama was recognised as a Muslim Scholar who could lead the people in the Upper Benue area. The first European to visit the area was Heinrich Barth in 1851, shortly after Yola was founded. He traveled by the Sahara route, coming through Kukawa near Lake Chad, which at the time was the capital of the Borno Empire.[4]
The state is serviced by the Yola International Airport which is among the first airport buillt in Nigeria.
On 17 November 2015, a suicide bombing killed over 30 people.[5]
Climate
editYola has a tropical savanna climate that borders on a hot semi-arid climate (Aw bordering on BSh according to the Köppen climate classification) with a dry season and wet season. The temperature is warm year-round, with August and September having the lowest average high at 31.3 °C (88.3 °F) and December having the lowest average low at 16.9 °C (62.4 °F). March has the highest average high of 42.8 °C (109.0 °F), while April has the highest average low at 27.0 °C (80.6 °F). The highest temperatures occur in March and April, just before the wet season starts.
Yola receives 872.4 mm (34.35 in) of precipitation annually on average. There is a wet season from May to October and a dry season for the rest of the year. The dry season, especially from February to April, has higher daytime temperatures and can have lower nighttime lows. The dry season also has a higher diurnal temperature variation. August is the wet month, receiving 196.1 mm (7.72 in) of rain on average over 16 precipitation days. No precipitation falls from December to February. Humidity is low in the dry season, dropping to just 13.5% in February, but it can get quite humid during the wet season, especially from July to September. Yola receives 2,845.5 hours of sunshine annually, which is well-distributed throughout the year, with November having the most sunshine and August having the least.[6]
Clouds
editYola's cloud cover varies significantly throughout the year; clearer months last 4.6 months, while partly overcast months last 7.4 months. The clearest month is January, with 53% of the sky being either mostly clear or clear with 78% of the sky being clouded or overcast, May is the cloudiest month.[7][8][9]
Rainfall
editYola's monthly rainfall varies greatly according to the season, with a 7.3-month rainy season ranging from March 27 to November 7 and averaging 0.5 inches. The heaviest rain falls in August, with an average of 6.5 inches. The duration of the dry spell is 4.6 months, with January recording the lowest average rainfall of 0.0 inches.[9][8]
| Climate data for Yola (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 42.3 (108.1) |
44 (111) |
45.4 (113.7) |
46.5 (115.7) |
43 (109) |
39 (102) |
37.7 (99.9) |
35 (95) |
38 (100) |
39.5 (103.1) |
40.6 (105.1) |
40.6 (105.1) |
46.5 (115.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 34.5 (94.1) |
37.3 (99.1) |
40.0 (104.0) |
39.7 (103.5) |
36.3 (97.3) |
33.3 (91.9) |
31.6 (88.9) |
30.8 (87.4) |
31.4 (88.5) |
33.5 (92.3) |
36.2 (97.2) |
35.0 (95.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.3 (79.3) |
29.3 (84.7) |
32.6 (90.7) |
33.6 (92.5) |
31.1 (88.0) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.1 (80.8) |
27.3 (81.1) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.1 (82.6) |
26.3 (79.3) |
28.9 (84.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.1 (64.6) |
21.4 (70.5) |
25.2 (77.4) |
27.4 (81.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
24.3 (75.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.3 (73.9) |
23.2 (73.8) |
23.4 (74.1) |
20.1 (68.2) |
17.6 (63.7) |
22.8 (73.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 10 (50) |
14 (57) |
19 (66) |
19 (66) |
20 (68) |
18.7 (65.7) |
17.1 (62.8) |
17.8 (64.0) |
17.7 (63.9) |
18.8 (65.8) |
15 (59) |
11.5 (52.7) |
10 (50) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0.1 (0.00) |
0.2 (0.01) |
2.3 (0.09) |
35.5 (1.40) |
94.5 (3.72) |
138.8 (5.46) |
159.7 (6.29) |
196.2 (7.72) |
189.4 (7.46) |
67.9 (2.67) |
0.8 (0.03) |
0.5 (0.02) |
886.1 (34.89) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 3.2 | 7.2 | 9.7 | 10.4 | 12.4 | 11.9 | 5.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 60.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 25.4 | 21.5 | 29.6 | 50.4 | 65.9 | 73.3 | 80.4 | 84.0 | 82.3 | 75.8 | 52.7 | 34.8 | 56.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 254.2 | 229.6 | 232.5 | 228.0 | 244.9 | 228.0 | 201.5 | 195.3 | 207.0 | 263.5 | 282.0 | 279.0 | 2,845.5 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 7.6 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 6.9 | 8.5 | 9.4 | 9.0 | 7.8 |
| Source: NOAA (sunshine 1961–1990)[10][11] | |||||||||||||
Infrastructure
editThe nearby town of Jimeta has a market, zoo, an airport[12] with direct flights to Saudi Arabia, NiPost and NiTel offices as well as the main mosque and cathedral. Being a state capital, it is a major transport hub with buses and taxis heading north to Mubi and Maiduguri, west to Numan, Gombe, jalingo and Bauchi and south to Makurdi and Katsina Ala. Taxis are available to Garoua in Cameroon. There is an airport with regular flights to Abuja and Lagos. The town is home to various institutions of learning, such as the: American University of Nigeria (AUN) (which is Africa's first and only development university), Adamawa State Polytechnic, The Modibbo Adama University Yola (MAU) previously known as Federal University of Technology, Yola, located about 10 km (6 mi) north of the city on the road to Mubi, The Federal Government Girls College, Yola, AUN Academy (ABTI Academy), Aliyu Mustapha Academy, Chiroma Ahmad Academy, Ahmadu Ribadu College, MAUTECH university secondary school, Concordia College (which was nominated as the best post-primary school for 2007 by the National Association of Nigerian Students). Yola also houses one of the six campuses of the Nigerian Law school located beside the American University of Nigeria and many other educational institutions. Adamawa has one of the best depots in Nigeria, located about 5 km (3 mi) west on the road to Numan. Tourist sites include: The Three sister hills in Song Local Government Area, which are three scenic rock formations standing side by side at different height with the middle one as the big sister. The former Njuwa lake fishing festival site which is now dried and developed into residential area. The Lamido's Palace and the Annual horse-riding durbar, originally a Fulbe settlement, the town is largely dominated by Fulbe, as well as people from other parts of the country and the neighboring country of Cameroon.[2]
Notable people
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ "FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA : 2006 Population Census" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
- ^ a b "Yola | Hometown.ng". 2018-03-31. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
- ^ Brown, Jessica; Mitchell, Nora J.; Beresford, Michael (2005). The Protected Landscape Approach: Linking Nature, Culture, And Community. IUCN. pp. 43–. ISBN 978-2-8317-0797-6. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
- ^ Kemper, Steve (2012). Labyrinth of Kingdoms: 10,000 Miles Through Islamic Africa. New York: W. W. Norton. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-393-07966-1.
- ^ Yola market explosion kills 30
- ^ "Yola Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 2023-09-29.
- ^ "Yola Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
- ^ a b "Yola Annual Weather Averages". WorldWeatherOnline.com. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
- ^ a b "Yola, Adamawa, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data". tcktcktck.org. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Yola". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
- ^ "Yola Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
- ^ Ranter, Harro. "Yola Airport profile - Aviation Safety Network". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2021-06-25.