The Treaty of Belgrade, also known as the Belgrade Peace,[a] was the peace treaty signed on September 18, 1739 in Belgrade, Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia (today Serbia), by the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Habsburg monarchy on the other, that ended the Austro–Turkish War (1737–39). It also recognized Circassia, particularly its eastern half Kabardia, as an independent nation for the first time by the European countries.
| Treaty of Belgrade | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Signed | 18 September 1739 |
| Location | Belgrade, Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia (now Serbia) |
| Parties |  Habsburg Monarchy Ottoman Empire |
Background
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2020) |
Treaty
editThis treaty ended the hostilities of the five-year Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39), in which the Habsburgs joined Imperial Russia in its fight against the Ottomans. Austria was defeated by the Turks at Grocka and signed a separate treaty in Belgrade with the Ottoman Empire on August 21, probably being alarmed at the prospect of Russian military success. With the Treaty of Belgrade, the Habsburgs ceded the Kingdom of Serbia with Belgrade, the southern part of the Banat of Temeswar and northern Bosnia to the Ottomans, and the Banat of Craiova (Oltenia), gained by the Treaty of Passarowitz in 1718, to Wallachia (an Ottoman subject), and set the demarcation line to the rivers Sava and Danube. The Habsburg withdrawal forced Russia to accept peace at the Russo-Turkish War, 1735-1739 with the Treaty of Niš, whereby it was allowed to build a port at Azov, gaining a foothold on the Black Sea.[1]
The Treaty of Belgrade effectively ended the autonomy of Kingdom of Serbia which had existed since 1718. This territory would await the next Habsburg-Ottoman war to be temporarily again included into the Habsburg monarchy in 1788 with the help of Koča Anđelković.[2]
The treaty is also notable for being one of the last international treaties to be written in Latin.[3]
The treaty recognized Circassia, particularly its eastern half Kabardia, as an independent nation for the first time by the European countries.
Aftermath
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (April 2018) |
See also
editNotes
editReferences
edit- ^ Treaty of Nis (1739), Alexander Mikaberidze, Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, ed. Alexander Mikaberidze, (ABC-CLIO, 2011), 647.
- ^ Dennis P. Hupchick, The Balkans:From Constantinople to Communism, (Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), 213.
- ^ Laugier, Marc-Antoine (1770). The History of the Negociations for the Peace Concluded at Belgrade September 18, 1739. W. and J. Richardson. p. 528.
Sources
edit- Hochedlinger, Michael (2003). Austria's Wars of Emergence: War, State and Society in the Habsburg Monarchy, 1683–1797. Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-29084-6.
- Popović, Dušan J. (1950). Србија и Београд од Пожаревачког до Београдског мира, 1718–1739.
- Regele, Oskar (1954). "Die Schuld des Grafen Reinhard Wilhelm von Neipperg am Belgrader Frieden 1739 und an der Niederlage bei Mollwitz 1741". MÖStA. 7: 373–398.
- Roider, Karl A. (1972). The Reluctant Ally: Austria's Policy in the Austro-Turkish War, 1737–1739. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-0237-4.
- Roider, Karl A. (1972). "The Perils of Eighteenth-Century Peacemaking: Austria and the Treaty of Belgrade, 1739". Central European History. 5 (3): 195–207. doi:10.1017/s0008938900015478. S2CID 145605956.
- Tupetz, Theodor (1878). "Der Türkenfeldzug von 1739 und der Friede zu Belgrad". Historische Zeitschrift. 40 (1). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH: 1–51. doi:10.1524/hzhz.1878.40.jg.1. JSTOR 27592807. S2CID 164314285.