This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2012) |
San Jose, officially the Municipality of San Jose (Tagalog: Bayan ng San Jose), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Occidental Mindoro, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 153,267[3], representing a third of the provincial population, and is the largest among cities (excluding Puerto Princesa City) and municipalities in the Mimaropa region. It is also the most populous town in Occidental Mindoro.
San Jose | |
|---|---|
San Jose Roundabout Municipal plaza welcome arch and clock tower Rizal Street facing east Municipal townhall Tamaraw Fountain Statue, Aroma Beach Pandurucan Bridge illuminated at night | |
 Flag  Seal | |
 Map of Occidental Mindoro with San Jose highlighted | |
OpenStreetMap  | |
  San Jose Location within the Philippines | |
| Coordinates: 12°21′10″N 121°04′03″E / 12.35275°N 121.06761°E | |
| Country | Philippines |
| Region | Mimaropa |
| Province | Occidental Mindoro |
| District | Lone district |
| Founded | May 01, 1910 |
| Named for | Saint Joseph |
| Barangays | 39 (see Barangays) |
| Government | |
| • Type | Sangguniang Bayan |
| • Mayor | Rey Ladaga |
| • Vice Mayor | Santiago "Sonny" Javier |
| • Representative | Leody "Odie" Tarriela |
| • Municipal Council | Members |
| • Electorate | 86,110 voters (2022) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 446.70 km2 (172.47 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 3.0 m (9.8 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 32 m (105 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[3] | |
| • Total | 153,267 |
| • Rank | 21st |
| • Density | 340/km2 (890/sq mi) |
| • Households | 37,331 |
| Economy | |
| • Income class | 1st municipal income class |
| • Poverty incidence | 21.98 |
| • Revenue | ₱ 713.2 million (2020) |
| • Assets | ₱ 1,603 million (2020) |
| • Expenditure | ₱ 620.8 million (2020) |
| • Liabilities | ₱ 612.3 million (2020) |
| Service provider | |
| • Electricity | Occidental Mindoro Electric Cooperative (OMECO) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (PST) |
| ZIP code | 5100 |
| PSGC | |
| IDD : area code | +63 (0)43 |
| Native languages | Buhid Hanunó'o Ratagnon Tagalog |
San Jose has the province's largest commercial port and airport, the most banking, business, dining and commercial establishments in Occidental Mindoro, and has become a center of trade in the Mimaropa region.[5] Its major local and international exports include rice, salt and processed milkfish. It was ranked 13th in "overall competitiveness" among Philippine local government units in the 2017 Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index (CMCI).[6]
In pre-colonial times, it was named Pandurucan by the indigenous Mangyans after the local river, before later renamed for its patron saint, St. Joseph, the husband of Mary.
History
editHistorical records show that in the 14th century, Chinese traders anchored to trade at the shores of Mangarin, the oldest settlement in the southern portion of Occidental Mindoro. Its name was derived from the word “Mandarin”, an official Chinese Palace, the remains of which can still be found in the old barrio of Mangarin. The area was once a Sinified Buddhist state called Ma-i before the Sultanate of Brunei invaded. When the Spanish took possession of the Island in the 18th century, the first site of the Presidencia was built in sitio of Sinaoga,[7][8][9] on the western side of Barrio Santa Teresa, now part of the municipality of Magsaysay. A year later, it was again transferred to Caminawit.[10]
Archaeological evidence from caves and rockshelter sites in the island of Ilin indicate human habitation dating back thousands of years (Middle Holocene period, about 6,000 years ago).
Early 20th century
editOn May 1, 1910,[11] Pandurucan, which was renamed San Jose, became the seat of the Civil Government with Don German Ramirez as its first appointed leader up to 1915. When the Japanese Imperial Forces occupied the town, Bonifacio Gomez was appointed as Mayor from 1941 to 1942, followed by Pedro Cuden, 1942–1943 and finally Isabelo Abeleda, in 1944 until 1946. During the American reoccupation Bibiano Gaudiel replaced Isabelo Abeleda who regained his position in 1955.
World War II
editSan Jose figures prominently in Philippine history for its role during World War II. American naval forces led by General Douglas MacArthur staged a so-called "Second Landing" in the beaches of San Jose (the "First" being the famous Leyte Landing) on December 15, 1944, to retake the Philippine islands from the Japanese (the Battle of Mindoro). Securing San Jose and the whole Mindoro island proved decisive in the goal to recapture Manila and Luzon, and the eventual defeat of the Japanese Imperial forces by Filipino and American troops.
Contemporary history
editIn 1950, the Philippine government split Mindoro into two provinces, Occidental Mindoro and Oriental Mindoro. San Jose became the temporary capital until it was later transferred to Mamburao. With encouragement from the national government, migration into Mindoro in the years after World War II boosted population growth and spurred development. The Philippine Sugar Mill plantation in the northern Barangay Central helped San Jose become the center of commerce in those years.
On April 3, 1969, the barrios of Alibog, Caguray, Calawag, Gapasan, Laste, Lourdes, Nicolas, Paclolo, Purnaga, Sibalat, and Santa Teresa was separated from San Jose to create a separate municipality known as Magsaysay.
During the 1970s, development has since shifted to what is now the poblacion area and neighboring barangays. The economic base also has widened to include rice, corn, tobacco, salt, and aquaculture production geared towards both the local Philippine and international markets.
Conversion into a city
editThe Municipality of San Jose passed Resolution No. 0023 in 2001, seeking conversion to city status.[12] In 2016, Congresswoman Josephine Ramirez-Sato filed House Bill No. 2164 which aims to convert San Jose into a component city.[13] To date, this resolution has not been acted upon or pursued by Congress of the Philippines.[14]
Geography
editSan Jose is 173 kilometres (107 mi) from Mamburao and 229 kilometres (142 mi) from Calapan. It is located at the southern part of the province with a total land area of 44,670 hectares (110,400 acres). San Jose is bordered on the north by the municipalities of Rizal and Calintaan, on the east by the municipalities of Mansalay and Bulalacao, on the south by the municipality of Magsaysay, and on the west by the Mindoro Strait. Its jurisdiction includes Ambulong and Ilin Islands.
Climatic condition is classified under Type A category and slope is generally flat. Soil composition developed from recent alluvial deposits which are silty-loam to clay loam and landforms consist of limestone and sedimentary rocks. All types of erosion are present: slight, moderate and severe erosion. Eleven (11) rivers and creeks, including the Pandurucan River which runs through the center of town, serve as natural drainage. Mineral deposits includes copper and limestone.
Barangays
editSan Jose is politically subdivided into 39 barangays.[15] Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
Barangay Naibuan (PSGC 175110040) was created by virtue of Presidential Memorandum Order No. 19, series of 2018, pursuant to Sangguniang Panlalawigan Resolution No. 138, series of 2007 and ratified through a plebiscite on January 5, 2018.[16][17][18]
| PSGC | Barangay | Population | ±% p.a. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020[3] | 2010[19] | |||||
| 175110001 | Ambulong | 1.5% | 2,224 | 1,539 | 3.75% | |
| 175110002 | Ansiray | 0.7% | 1,032 | 945 | 0.88% | |
| 175110003 | Bagong Sikat | 4.3% | 6,564 | 6,096 | 0.74% | |
| 175110004 | Bangkal | 0.6% | 933 | 799 | 1.56% | |
| 175110005 | Barangay 1 (Poblacion) | 0.2% | 283 | 265 | 0.66% | |
| 175110006 | Barangay 2 (Poblacion) | 0.3% | 415 | 391 | 0.60% | |
| 175110007 | Barangay 3 (Poblacion) | 0.9% | 1,323 | 1,113 | 1.74% | |
| 175110008 | Barangay 4 (Poblacion) | 0.3% | 500 | 473 | 0.56% | |
| 175110009 | Barangay 5 (Poblacion) | 1.0% | 1,569 | 1,524 | 0.29% | |
| 175110010 | Barangay 6 (Poblacion) | 0.3% | 398 | 450 | −1.22% | |
| 175110011 | Barangay 7 (Poblacion) | 0.3% | 436 | 437 | −0.02% | |
| 175110012 | Barangay 8 (Poblacion) | 0.2% | 348 | 343 | 0.14% | |
| 175110013 | Batasan | 4.1% | 6,260 | 4,851 | 2.58% | |
| 175110014 | Bayotbot | 1.6% | 2,492 | 2,081 | 1.82% | |
| 175110015 | Bubog | 6.1% | 9,356 | 8,134 | 1.41% | |
| 175110016 | Buri | 0.4% | 607 | 484 | 2.29% | |
| 175110017 | Camburay | 1.2% | 1,849 | 1,856 | −0.04% | |
| 175110018 | Caminawit | 8.0% | 12,223 | 10,564 | 1.47% | |
| 175110019 | Catayungan | 0.7% | 1,021 | 794 | 2.55% | |
| 175110020 | Central | 7.1% | 10,901 | 9,250 | 1.66% | |
| 175110021 | Iling Proper | 1.4% | 2,124 | 1,886 | 1.20% | |
| 175110022 | Inasakan | 0.4% | 625 | 581 | 0.73% | |
| 175110023 | Ipil | 0.5% | 789 | 587 | 3.00% | |
| 175110024 | La Curva | 2.0% | 3,034 | 3,270 | −0.75% | |
| 175110025 | Labangan Iling | 0.7% | 1,070 | 1,009 | 0.59% | |
| 175110026 | Labangan Poblacion | 6.3% | 9,683 | 8,872 | 0.88% | |
| 175110027 | Mabini | 1.9% | 2,938 | 2,584 | 1.29% | |
| 175110028 | Magbay | 2.8% | 4,299 | 3,651 | 1.65% | |
| 175110029 | Mangarin | 2.2% | 3,410 | 3,049 | 1.13% | |
| 175110030 | Mapaya | 5.2% | 7,982 | 7,349 | 0.83% | |
| 175110031 | Murtha | 3.9% | 5,985 | 5,279 | 1.26% | |
| 175110032 | Monte Claro | 2.5% | 3,855 | 3,506 | 0.95% | |
| 175110033 | Natandol | 1.0% | 1,521 | 1,062 | 3.66% | |
| 175110034 | Pag-asa | 7.3% | 11,232 | 12,701 | −1.22% | |
| 175110035 | Pawican | 1.5% | 2,295 | 2,149 | 0.66% | |
| 175110037 | San Agustin | 3.5% | 5,363 | 5,301 | 0.12% | |
| 175110038 | San Isidro | 1.2% | 1,785 | 1,844 | −0.32% | |
| 175110039 | San Roque | 9.6% | 14,706 | 14,119 | 0.41% | |
| Total | 153,267 | 131,188 | 1.57% | |||
Climate
edit| Climate data for San Jose, Occidental Mindoro (1991–2020, extremes 1980–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 36.0 (96.8) |
36.8 (98.2) |
38.3 (100.9) |
39.2 (102.6) |
38.8 (101.8) |
38.0 (100.4) |
39.2 (102.6) |
37.4 (99.3) |
35.6 (96.1) |
36.0 (96.8) |
38.0 (100.4) |
36.6 (97.9) |
39.2 (102.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.5 (90.5) |
33.0 (91.4) |
34.0 (93.2) |
34.9 (94.8) |
34.1 (93.4) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.0 (87.8) |
31.0 (87.8) |
30.9 (87.6) |
31.7 (89.1) |
32.8 (91.0) |
32.6 (90.7) |
32.6 (90.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.2 (81.0) |
27.9 (82.2) |
28.9 (84.0) |
29.6 (85.3) |
29.4 (84.9) |
28.4 (83.1) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27.3 (81.1) |
27.7 (81.9) |
28.2 (82.8) |
28.1 (82.6) |
28.1 (82.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.9 (71.4) |
22.9 (73.2) |
23.8 (74.8) |
24.3 (75.7) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.4 (75.9) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.7 (74.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 15.5 (59.9) |
15.4 (59.7) |
18.5 (65.3) |
18.8 (65.8) |
20.5 (68.9) |
18.0 (64.4) |
20.0 (68.0) |
18.0 (64.4) |
19.0 (66.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
18.8 (65.8) |
17.5 (63.5) |
15.4 (59.7) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 13.0 (0.51) |
11.8 (0.46) |
11.8 (0.46) |
31.6 (1.24) |
166.4 (6.55) |
325.5 (12.81) |
507.3 (19.97) |
469.0 (18.46) |
436.1 (17.17) |
244.0 (9.61) |
97.4 (3.83) |
74.8 (2.94) |
2,388.7 (94.04) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 15 | 20 | 20 | 18 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 117 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 73 | 72 | 71 | 72 | 78 | 84 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 86 | 79 | 76 | 80 |
| Source: PAGASA[20][21] | |||||||||||||
San Jose has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). The average annual temperature is 27.5 °C. The warmest month of the year is May, with an average temperature of 28.9 °C. January has the lowest average temperature of the year, at 26.5 °C. The average annual rainfall is 3126 mm. The driest month is March, with 8 mm of rainfall. With an average of 714 mm, the most precipitation falls in July.
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1903 | 1,764 | — |
| 1918 | 7,703 | +10.33% |
| 1939 | 11,788 | +2.05% |
| 1948 | 12,443 | +0.60% |
| 1960 | 36,211 | +9.31% |
| 1970 | 44,761 | +2.14% |
| 1975 | 53,100 | +3.49% |
| 1980 | 66,262 | +4.53% |
| 1990 | 87,520 | +2.82% |
| 1995 | 101,411 | +2.80% |
| 2000 | 111,009 | +1.96% |
| 2007 | 118,807 | +0.94% |
| 2010 | 131,188 | +3.67% |
| 2015 | 143,430 | +1.71% |
| 2020 | 153,267 | +1.31% |
| Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[22][19][23][24] | ||
San Jose is the most densely populated area in the province of Occidental Mindoro, with a 2.38% annual growth. Out of the total population of 143,430 people, about 42% reside in urban area while 58% are situated in rural barangays. The majority of the population consists of a mix of migrants of different ethnolinguistic groups from nearby provinces, namely: Tagalogs, Bicolanos, Visayans, Kapampangans, Pangasinans and Ilocanos. Some 2% of its population belong to the indigenous Mangyan peoples, primarily the Hanunuo and Buhid tribes.
Average household size is recorded at 5 with an urban density of 6500 persons per km2. About 69% are dependents, resulting to a dependency ratio of 1:2. On the other hand, male-female ratio is computed at 108:100.
Tagalog is the most spoken language and 83.97% are practicing Roman Catholicism, pastorally served since 1983 by the Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of San Jose in Mindoro, with its own titular church, the St. Joseph the Worker Cathedral.
Economy
editPoverty incidence of San Jose
10
20
30
40
2006
30.10 2009
29.76 2012
21.19 2015
22.65 2018
15.27 2021
21.98 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] |
The municipality has diverse economic activities. However, the majority of the working force which is estimated at 76%, are still engaged in agriculture. Like the rest of the province, other industries in San Jose are tied to the town's agricultural base. A substantial majority of palay and rice of Occidental Mindoro, a major supplier of rice for Manila and elsewhere, are delivered, milled, traded and sold in San Jose.
Other major agricultural products include corn, garlic, onions, and root crops. Aquaculture is well-developed in San Jose which is known for its export quality lapu-lapu, bangus (milkfish), and sugpo (prawn). The town has abundant coastal and marine resources which provide an ample supply of fish and marine products for local consumption and exports.
Commercial livestock and poultry farms producing layers, broilers and meat products also exist. San Jose has a large number of agricultural support facilities such as rice mills, warehouses, solar dryers, and the like.
Registered commercial establishments number more than a thousand, and the public market, the center of commercial activities, is the largest in the province of Occidental Mindoro. Major fast food chains and local restaurants serve residents and tourists alike, while retail shopping centers such as San Jose Town Mall offer shopping conveniences. Pharmacies and major banks can also be found in town.
Other industries include hollow blocks making, handicrafts, furniture, sweet goods and other food products (pasalubong), and other small-scale enterprises and home-based businesses. Andrea Benoya's Te Ands' handicrafts are inspired by Mangyan tribe's Mindoro's culture. Her creations include hand-beaded Pakudos, necklace, cross stitch, fashion accessory, souvenir, key chains, embroidered wallets, apparels, accessories, seashells, coconut shells and handwoven Ramit textile woven on a backstrap loom.[33]
Economic growth is likely to rise in the next decade with the influx of business interests, along with planned power and water supply improvements.
Transportation
editSan Jose is accessible via the West Mindoro Coastal Road/Occidental Mindoro National Highway and the Philippine Nautical Highway System.
The town is served by the San Jose Airport via Cebu Pacific with regular scheduled flights to Manila. A new route was opened by Philippine Airlines connecting the town to Clark International Airport in Pampanga, with five regular weekly flight schedules.[34] San Jose is also served by its seaport, Caminawit Port.
Education
editMajor educational institutions in the province include Occidental Mindoro State College (OMSC), Divine Word College of San Jose (DWC), San Jose Adventist Academy Inc. (SJAA), Montessori de San Jose, Philippine Central Islands College (PCIC), I-NET Asia Technological School, Inc., Southwest Philippines Ecumenical School Inc., Abeleda Technical School, Grace Christian School and Maranatha Christian Academy.
References
edit- ^ Municipality of San Jose | (DILG)
- ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
- ^ a b c Census of Population (2020). "Mimaropa". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
- ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
- ^ "Products, Industries and Investment Opportunities in San Jose". Retrieved November 20, 2018.
- ^ "Overall Most Competitive 1st to 2nd Class Municipalities". Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). Retrieved November 20, 2018.
- ^ Candelario, Rudy. "History of the town of San Jose". Retrieved November 20, 2018.
- ^ "Philippine Studies (pp. 99, 459, 474)". Ateneo de Manila University Press. 1991. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
- ^ Acebes, Rodolfo Meim (2008). "Mindoro sa Panahon ng Digmaan, 1941-1945". National Commission for Culture and the Arts. ISBN 9789718141083. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
- ^ Candelario, Rudy (2000). "Maikling Kasaysayan ng Occidental Mindoro (p. 5)". Mindoro Historical Society (Quezon City).
- ^ By virtue of Executive Order 31, signed by Governor General Cameroon Forbes on April 18, 1910.
- ^ "Explanatory Note (Relative to City-hood of San Jose)". Blogger. July 29, 2007. Retrieved October 3, 2023.
- ^ House Bill No. 2164 (August 1, 2016), Charter of the City of San Jose (PDF), Congress of the Philippines, archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2017, retrieved July 23, 2020
- ^ House Bill No. 2164 (April 20, 2022), An Act Converting the Municipality of San Jose, Occidental Mindoro, Into A Component City To Be Known as City of San Jose, Senate of the Philippines, retrieved December 2, 2023
- ^ "2018 Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC)". Philippine Statistics Authority.
- ^ Press Release - 12 New Barangays Established in the First Quarter of 2018 (PDF) (Report). Philippine Statistics Authority. April 23, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
- ^ Memorandum Order No. 19 (PDF). Office of the President (Report). January 12, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
- ^ Crisostomo, Sheila (December 20, 2017). "Mindoro barangay plebiscite set". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
- ^ a b Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region IV-B (Mimaropa)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
- ^ "San Jose, Occidental Mindoro Climatological Normal Values 1991–2020" (PDF). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 8, 2022. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
- ^ "San Jose, Occidental Mindoro Climatological Extremes" (PDF). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 7, 2022. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
- ^ Census of Population (2015). "Region IV-B (Mimaropa)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
- ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region IV-B (Mimaropa)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
- ^ "Province of Occidental Mindoro". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
- ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
- ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
- ^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. March 23, 2009.
- ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 3, 2012.
- ^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. May 31, 2016.
- ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 10, 2019.
- ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
- ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
- ^ "Proprietress preserves Mindoro heritage". Manila Standard. October 7, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
- ^ "PAL opens 3 new routes". SunStar. October 21, 2018. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
- http://www.blgf.gov.ph/downloads/lgudata/SIE01-04/2011eSRE.xls
- http://www.cmcindex.org.ph/pages/profile/?lgu=San%20Jose%20(OM)
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274961318_Shell_tool_technology_in_Island_Southeast_Asia_an_early_Middle_Holocene_Tridacna_adze_from_Ilin_Island_Mindoro_Philippines