The Javan surili (Presbytis comata) is a vulnerable species of Old World monkey endemic to the western half of Java, Indonesia, a biodiversity hotspot. Other common names by which it is known by include gray, grizzled or Sunda Island surili; grizzled or stripe-crested langur; Javan grizzled langur; grizzled, Java or Javan leaf monkey; langur gris.[3]
| Javan surili[1] | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Haplorhini |
| Infraorder: | Simiiformes |
| Family: | Cercopithecidae |
| Genus: | Presbytis |
| Species: | P. comata
|
| Binomial name | |
| Presbytis comata (Desmarest, 1822)
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| Javan surili range | |
There are two subspecies of the Javan surili:
- Presbytis comata comata - Occurs in western Java
- Presbytis comata fredericae - Occurs in central Java
This colobine species has a sacculated stomach to assist the breakdown in the cellulose from the leaves it feeds on. It has a small, slender face and tail, and large round stomachs. Its coloring ranges from dark gray to white. Leaf monkeys tend to be active during the day, spending up to 5 hours grooming themselves.
Distribution
editThe Javan surili is found in the western half of Java, Indonesia. It ranges as far east as Mt. Lawu on the border with East Java.[3] According to a recent study, this species is mostly confined to Sundaland due to changes in the geography, sea level and vegetation that occurred during the Pleistocene era, and partly due to the type of vegetation and soil there today.[4] The Javan surili lives in primary and secondary lowland rainforests, with an altitudnal range of 2500 meters.[5]
Ecology
editThe Javan surili mostly consumes leaves, however, it will also consume flowers, fruits, and seeds.[4] This species appears to be more folivorous than any other member of the genus Presbytis, with over 62% of its overall diet composed of young leaves and 6% of mature leaves.[6]
Conservation
editThis species is currently listed on the IUCN red list of vulnerable species because of habitat loss due to human activity.[2] It is estimated that fewer than 1,000 exist today in their natural habitat and only 4% of their natural habitat remains.[3] Most of the loss of its original habitat is due to the clearing of the rainforests in Indonesia. Only 4% of its original habitat remains and the population has decreased by at least 50% in the last ten years.[7] Of the two subspecies of P. comata, the frediricae subspecies is among the rarest and most at risk for extinction, located in one of the most highly populated areas on the island and near an active volcano.[8]
References
edit- ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 171. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ a b Nijman, V.; Setiawan, A.; Ang, A. (2022). "Presbytis comata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T210369485A210370097. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
- ^ a b c Masicott, P. "Grizzled Leaf Monkey". Retrieved 2007-04-20.
- ^ a b Mejiaard, E.; Groves, C.P. (2004). "The Biogeographical Evolution and Phylogeny of the Genus Presbytis.". Primate Report. 68 (1): 71–90.
- ^ Flannery, S. "Grizzled Leaf Monkey (Presbytis comata)". Retrieved 2007-04-26.
- ^ Bennett, A.; Davies, G. (1994). "The Ecology of Asian Columbines". In Davies A.G.; Oates, J.F. (eds.). Colobine Monkeys: Their Ecology, Behaviour, and Evolution. Cambridge University Press. p. 159. ISBN 9780521331531.
- ^ "Grizzled Leaf Monkey". Retrieved 2007-04-28.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Nijman, V. (1997). "Geographical Variation in Pelage Characteristics in Grizzled Leaf Monkey Presbytis comata (Desmarest, 1822)". Contributions to Zoology. 66 (4): 257–264.