The Idrisiyya order (Arabic: الطريقة الإدريسية, romanized: al-Ṭarīqa al-ʾIdrīsiyya) is a Sufi order of Sunni Islam named after Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi. It is also called the Tariqa Muhammadiyya, and it rejected following any of the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence (Taqlid),[2][3] adopting the same methodology as Ismail Dehlavi, who remarked that the agenda of the new order known as Tariqa al-Muhammadiyya was to purify Islam and reject what they deemed to be Bid'ah or Shirk.[4][5]
It is not a Tariqa in the sense of an organized Sufi order, but rather a methodology, consisting of a set of beliefs and practices, which according to the order's members, aimed at nurturing the spiritual link between the disciple and Muhammad directly.[6][7]
Spread and influence
editOriginally based in Mecca, this tariqa was spread widely in Libya, Egypt, Sudan, East Africa (Somalia, Eritrea, Kenya), Yemen, the Levant (Syria and Lebanon) and South East Asia (Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei). It also has followers elsewhere, such as in Pakistan as well as Italy and the United Kingdom.[8]
Among the paths adhering to the Idrisiyya methodology include the Khatmiyya, Dandarawiyya, the Ja'fariyya, and the Salihiyya.[9] The order has a great deal of overlap with the Deobandis and Ahl al-Hadith of India,[2] but is opposed to the Wahhabi belief of affirming corporeality for God.[2]
The litanies and prayers of Ibn Idris in particular gained universal acceptance among Sufi orders and has been incorporated into the litanies and collections of many paths unrelated to the Idrisiyya that reject the order's methodology.[10]
Members
edit- Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi, the founder of the Idrisiyya order.[5]
- Mohammed Uthman al-Mirghani al-Khatim, founder of the Khatmiyya path in Sudan and Eritrea.[9]
- Mowlana Abd al-Rahman Nurow. A Somali disciple of ibn Idris who spread the Tariqa Muhammadiyya in Somalia.[11]
- Abu'l 'Abbas Al Dandarawi, Egyptian Sufi and founder of the Dandarawiyya path in Saudi Arabia.[9]
- Salih al-Ja'fari. He edited and published the works of Ibn Idris and revived his order. He founded the Ja'fariyya path.[12]
- Muhammad Abdullah Hasan, follower of the Salihiyya path which rejects seeking intercession from Saints in one's invocation of God, which it labels as Shirk.[13]
- Shaikh Muhammad Said al-Linggi, who introduced a path of this order into Singapore by the followers of al-Linggi.[1]
- Shaikh Hafiz Muhammad Amin bin Abdul Rehman from Multan.[1][14] Idrisiyya was introduced in Pakistan by him.[1][14]
Opposition
editThe order's methodology has been opposed by al-Ahbash, who have declared that the Dandarawiyya path have fallen into blasphemy and no longer follow the Quran despite reading it.[15] Unsurprisingly, the Idrisiyya has also been opposed by Barelvis, who see their methodology as being heretical, and similar to Deobandis and Ahl al-Hadith.[16]
References
edit- ^ a b c d "www.ahmadiah-idrisiah.com, at-Tariqah al-Ahmadiah al-Idrisiah ar-Rasyidiah ad-Dandarawiah (Singapore)". www.ahmadiah-idrisiah.com. Retrieved 2023-07-07.
- ^ a b c Scott Alan Kugle, Sufis & Saints' Bodies: Mysticism, Corporeality, & Sacred Power, 2007, ISBN 080783081X, p. 269-270
- ^ Dajani, Samer, Reassurance for the Seeker, p. 12.
- ^ Past present: When history fails Dawn (newspaper), Published 3 March 2012, Retrieved 16 August 2018
- ^ a b Dajani, Samer, Reassurance for the Seeker, p. 14.
- ^ Sedgwick, Saints and Sons, pp. 12, 17.
- ^ Dajani, Reassurance for the Seeker, pp. 13-15.
- ^ Sedgwick, Saints and Sons, pp. 18-19.
- ^ a b c O'Fahey, Rex S.; Karrar, Ali Salih (1987). "The Enigmatic Imam: The Influence of Ahmad ibn Idris". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 19 (2): 205–220. doi:10.1017/S0020743800031846. S2CID 162359962. Ref 64
- ^ Sedgwick, Mark, Saints and Sons, pp. 18-19.
- ^ On this shaykh see, Hidigh, Uthman, Anis al-jalis fi tarjamat sayyidi Ahmad ibn Idris, Mogadishu, pp. 112-124.
- ^ See Dajani, Samer, Reassurance for the Seeker.
- ^ I. M. Lewis (1998). Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society. The Red Sea Press. p. 37-38. ISBN 9781569021033.
- ^ a b Correspondent, A. (2023-08-25). "Spiritual leader laid to rest". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2024-07-03.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ "The truth about The Dandrawiyah Sufis – Alsunna.org :: Authentic Prophetic Teachings". Retrieved 2024-07-03.
- ^ "who is shaikh amin in multan". IslamiMehfil. 2008-01-07. Retrieved 2024-07-03.
Bibliography
edit- O'Fahey, Rex S. (1994) Enigmatic Saint, Ahmad Ibn Idris and the Idrisi Tradition, Northwestern University Press, Evanston, Illinois by arrangement with C. Hurst and Co. (Publishers) Ltd., London. ISBN 0-8101-0910-7
- Thomassen, Einar & Radtke, Bernd, (eds.) (1993) The Letters of Ahmad ibn Idris. London: Christopher Hurst. A collective volume containing the texts and translations of 35 letters to and from Ibn Idris. The contributors are Albrecht Hofheinz, Ali Salih Karrar, R.S. O’Fahey, B. Radtke & Einar Thomassen. Published by Northwestern University Press, Evanston, Illinois by arrangement with C. Hurst and Co. (Publishers) Ltd., London. ISBN 978-0-8101-1070-0
- Sedgwick, Mark, Saints and Sons: The Making and Remaking of the Rashidi Ahmadi Sufi Order, 1799-2000, Leiden: Brill, 2005.
- Hidigh, Uthman, Anīs al-jalīs fī tarjamat sayyidī Ahmad ibn Idrīs, Mogadishu, n.d., pp. 112–124.
- Dajani, Samer, Reassurance for the Seeker: A Biography and Translation of Salih al-Ja'fari's al-Fawa'id al-Ja'fariyya, a Commentary on Forty Prophetic Traditions, Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 2013.
- "The Path". العلم النافع Beneficialilm.com. Archived from the original on 1 July 2014.