Wikipedia

Greenhills, San Juan

Not to be confused with Greenhills (mixed-use development).

Greenhills is an urban barangay in San Juan, Metro Manila, Philippines. It is the largest barangay in San Juan, covering a total area of 2.09 square kilometers (209 ha) and spanning over a third of San Juan's total land area.[3]

Greenhills
Barangay
Aerial view of the Greenhills West subdivision in 2013
Aerial view of the Greenhills West subdivision in 2013
Official seal of Greenhills
Seal
Map
Greenhills is located in Metro Manila
Greenhills
Greenhills
Coordinates: 14°36′06″N 121°02′48″E / 14.60167°N 121.04667°E / 14.60167; 121.04667
CountryPhilippines
RegionNational Capital Region
CitySan Juan
District2nd District of San Juan[1]
Established1972[2]
Named forGreenhills, Ohio, United States
Government
 • TypeBarangay
 • Barangay captainAlan T. Yam
Area
[3][1]
 • Total2.08 km2 (0.80 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)[4][1]
 • Total15,212
 • Density7,313/km2 (18,940/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP Code
1503 (Greenhills North)
1502 (Greenhills Post Office)[5]
Area Code2
PSGC137405021
WebsiteFacebook

Centered and named after the Greenhills Shopping Center and its adjacent commercial establishments and gated communities, Barangay Greenhills is considered as a major commercial center of the city and of Metro Manila at large.[3]

The area was initially part of the Hacienda de Mandaluyon (Mandaluyong Estate), the estate holdings of the Augustinian Order. The land was later on sold to businessmen Don Francisco Ortigas and Phil Whitaker, who founded Ortigas & Company, which developed the area into multiple residential subdivisions and its centerpiece shopping center, to which it is known for today.[6]

History

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Mandaluyong Estate

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Map of the Hacienda de Mandaloyon on a mural at Ortigas Park in Ortigas Center

During the Spanish colonial era, the area that would become known as Greenhills was part of the Hacienda de Mandaloyon (also known as Mandaloya, Mandaloyen, Mandaloyong, or Mandaloya),[7][8] the estate holdings (haciendas) of the Augustinian Order, consisting of 4,033 hectares (40.33 km2) of sparsely inhabited rice fields and wild grasslands[9] that now span the cities of San Juan, Mandaluyong, Quezon City, and Pasig.[6]

The transfer of the Philippines to American rule in 1898 posed several challenges for the American colonial government, one of which was the issue of friar lands, as these religious orders did not pay taxes to the government and refused to sell their lands of their own accord. In order to resolve this problem, the Taft Commission arranged with the Holy See to force the sale of the friar lands to the American colonial government, with the aim of making them available for public use.[10] This led to the passage of Act No. 1120, also known as the Friar Lands Act of 1904, which facilitated the transfer of 166,000 hectares (1,660 km2) of friar lands to the American government,[11] which were later sold to private businesses and wealthy individuals.

As such, the Hacienda de Mandaluyon estate was sold to businessmen Dr. Frank W. Dudley and Don Francisco Ortigas. Dr. Dudley later sold his interest in the estate to Phil C. Whitaker, who with Ortigas founded the company Whitaker and Ortigas. The company would rename itself to Ortigas & Company, as it is known today. The company divided the land into residential subdivision developments now known as Capitol (Kapitolyo), Wack-Wack, Greenhills, Valle Verde and Greenmeadows.[6][12] Maps in the 1940s show that the area of the present-day Greenhills West was known as San Juan Heights Subdivision.[13]

Development of Greenhills

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The growth of suburban residential developments in the 1960s is attributed to middle-class and upper-class populations seeking refuge from the busy, urban climate of Manila. With the success of emerging middle-class residential enclaves such as the PhilAm Life Homes (now PhilAm) in Quezon City and several villages in Makati, which were located along Highway 54 (now EDSA), new residential subdivisions would be developed in the areas between such villages, such as White Plains, Blue Ridge, and Wack-Wack. The developments were named after famous Greenbelt planned communities in the United States that were developed to allow for the dispersal of the American population in an effort to minimize losses from possible attacks with weapons of mass destruction during the Cold War.[14]

During this time, Ortigas & Company drafted plans to develop a planned community on the west side of Highway 54, centered around plans for schools, churches, and a centerpiece suburban shopping complex following years of studying planned communities in other countries.[15] The new residential subdivision was named Greenhills, after the suburban Greenbelt community of Greenhills in the US state of Ohio.[14]

The newly-opened Greenhills subdivision covered 197 hectares (1.97 km2) of land, which would become divided further into distinct residential subdivisions known as North Greenhills, Greenhills West, and Greenhills East.[15] In 1959, the De La Salle Brothers (now De La Salle Philippines) purchased a 6 hectares (0.060 km2) property along Ortigas Avenue, establishing La Salle Green Hills.[16] A year later, the Jesuits purchased a few hectares of land in Little Baguio adjacent to Greenhills as a new location for its Xavier School in 1960, which was then situated along Echague Street in Manila.[9] Of this, 500 hectares (5.0 km2) was allocated for the Mary the Queen Parish Church, which moved from its original chapel at Zamora Street in Pasay City in 1963,[17] as well as Immaculate Concepcion Academy-Greenhills, run by the Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception, which moved into the area after transferring from its previous campus in Intramuros, Manila.[18] This was followed by plans in 1966 to construct a shopping center in what would become the Greenhills Shopping Center.[15]

In the 1990s, parts of Greenhills were rezoned as commercial zones, which brought upon commercial development around the Greenhills Shopping Center. A Chili's branch, the second in the country, was opened in 1998 along Missouri Street.[19]

Establishment of Barangay Greenhills

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The Greenhills subdivisions were originally located in Mapuntod, a traditional barrio of San Juan,[20][21] which was a municipality then part of Rizal until it was incorporated into Metro Manila in 1975 through Presidential Decree No. 824.[22] Prior to 1972, the Greenhills subdivisions were part of the San Juan barrios of West Crame, Addition Hills, and Little Baguio. This was until a petition was made by 278 residents of the Greenhills subdivisions seeking to carve out a new barrio consisting of the Greenhills subdivisions in 1971.[23]

On January 27, 1972, the San Juan Municipal Council approved the creation of Barrio Greenhills through Municipal Resolution No. 42 series of 1972.[2] Following this, the boundaries of West Crame, Addition Hills, and Little Baguio were redefined in Municipal Resolution No. 43 series of 1972.[24] In 1974, Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos Sr. signed Presidential Decree No. 557, renaming all barrios nationwide into barangays.[25] As a result, Barrio Greenhills was renamed as Barangay Greenhills, as it is known today.

Establishment of homeowner associations

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See also: Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos and Max Soliven § Martial Law Era

In 1972, during the Martial Law period under the second term of President Ferdinand Marcos, Ortigas & Company began setting up homeowner associations for each of its Greenhills subdivisions.[26]

In North Greenhills, the North Greenhills Association (NGA) was founded in December 1972 with journalist and television show host Max Soliven elected as the NGA's first president, and businessman Ray Lorenzana and ears, nose, and throat specialist Dr. Tony Perez serving as its vice presidents. The elections were conducted in a meeting with the subdivision's residents.[26]

Throughout 1973, the association established a modus vivendi with Ortigas and Company, setting up perimeter walls, guard posts, and gates, transforming North Greenhills into a gated community. Maintenance costs were later turned over to the association in 1975.[26]

Greenhills Grand Prix

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Main article: Philippines Grand Prix

From 1971[27] to 1976, Greenhills was home to the Greenhills Grand Prix,[28] an international motor race. The then-empty streets of the North Greenhills subdivision and a part of Ortigas Avenue served as its 3.2-kilometer (2.0 mi) circuit track, with the eastbound service road along Ortigas Avenue serving as its pit stop.[29][30][27]

Arrest of Joseph Estrada

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Main articles: Trial of Joseph Estrada and EDSA III

In 2001, following the failed impeachment trial of President Joseph Estrada and the Second EDSA Revolution that followed, Estrada resigned from office on the afternoon of January 20, 2001. This was followed with charges of plunder and perjury being filed against him at the Sandiganbayan, which were initially brought up at the failed impeachment trial.[31] On April 24, 2001, the Sandiganbayan had ordered the arrest of Estrada, his son San Juan mayor Jinggoy Estrada, and other individuals involved in charges of plunder and graft.[32][31]

As a result, thousands of loyalists of Estrada had mobilized to Greenhills, using jeepneys and human barricades to block the police and military forces from arresting the former president, who lived inside the North Greenhills subdivision.[33] The arrest warrant was eventually served the next day on April 25, 2001,[32] as Estrada and his son Jinggoy were arrested and brought to Camp Crame for detention and processing.[32] In jail, Estrada made a statement maintaining his innocence and denounced the Arroyo government's efforts to persecute him as a "violation of his human rights". The statement instigated loyalists to converge upon Camp Crame and EDSA, sparking the EDSA III riots from April 25 to 30, 2001.[32]

Proposed opening of Greenhills subdivisions

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On July 23, 2019, following President Rodrigo Duterte's plea to government officials to reclaim public roads being used for "private ends", Department of Interior and Local Government secretary Eduardo Año floated the idea of opening up the roads of gated communities to improve traffic flow during rush hours.[34] Following this, San Juan mayor Francis Zamora stated that even though he himself lives in one of Greenhills' gated communities, he would be willing to fight for the proposal to open up these communities if it will help alleviate traffic flow in the city.[35] However, no updates on this proposal have been reported since then.

Days later, on July 26, 2019, Zamora signed Executive Order No. 4, prohibiting on-street parking along Club Filipino Avenue and the Annapolis, Missouri, and Connecticut Streets from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m. PHT. This repeals a city ordinance and executive order under the previous administration of Guia Gomez, which allowed one-side parking on the mentioned roads.[36][37]

COVID-19 pandemic

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Main articles: COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines and COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila

In March 2020, the first two confirmed locally transmitted cases of COVID-19 in the Philippines were reported in Greenhills. The first case was a 62-year-old Filipino man from Cainta that regularly visited the Greenhills Masjid, a mosque within the Greenhills Shopping Center. It was believed that the man had contracted COVID-19 from another individual at the mosque. The disease was passed on to his wife, who became the second local case.[38]

Due to this, the mosque was ordered closed by the San Juan city government and the entire shopping center was ordered to be disinfected and sanitized. The announcement of local transmission of COVID-19 in the area also caused many people to avoid the shopping center and the Greenhills vicinity in fear of catching the disease.[39]

Geography

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Greenhills and the adjacent West Crame are the only barangays in San Juan that are not entirely situated on tuff and tuffaceous sedimentary rock, with parts of the barangay being situated on top of pyroclastic flow adobe deposits. The highest elevation of San Juan can be found in Greenhills at its border with Quezon City's Barangay Camp Aguinaldo along EDSA, peaking at 34 meters (112 ft) above sea level.[1]

Boundaries

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The political borders of Greenhills are defined by the Ermitaño Creek, a tributary of the San Juan River, to which it borders the barangays of Addition Hills, Little Baguio, and Santa Lucia in San Juan to the west and the barangays of East Pasadeña and Corazon De Jesus to the northwest. It has land borders with Quezon City's Barangay Valencia to the northwest and Barangay West Crame to the northeast, Quezon City's Barangay Camp Aguinaldo to the east, and Mandaluyong's Barangay Wack Wack-Greenhills East to the southeast.

Education

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Xavier School

Health

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  • Cardinal Santos Medical Center[41]
  • The Health Cube Medical Clinics
  • The Medical City Clinic[42]

Landmarks

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Subdivisions

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  • Greenhills West
  • North Greenhills
  • Northeast Greenhills

Transport

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Ortigas Avenue in Greenhills

Roads

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The six-lane Ortigas Avenue serves as a main thoroughfare for Greenhills, spanning the barangay from end to end, while the four-lane Bonny Serrano Avenue (also known as Santolan Road, and further northwest as Pinaglabanan Street) encircles the barangay's perimeter. The four-lane Wilson Street in Greenhills connects Ortigas Avenue to other adjacent barangays in San Juan, as well as Mandaluyong. The two-to-four lane Annapolis Street and Connecticut Street are commercialized areas, as well as roads parallel to Ortigas Avenue, connecting the Greenhills Shopping Center to EDSA.

One-way bicycle lanes with paint separation are present along Ortigas Avenue and Bonny Serrano Avenue as part of the Metropolitan Bike Lane Network[44] and along Wilson Street. From 2020 to 2023, the section of Ortigas Avenue within Greenhills had physical protection using bollards and motorcycle lanes next to its bicycle lanes.[45][46]

The Greenhills mixed-use development also has the Greenhills Active Playground, which are painted bicycle lanes that loop around the development.[47]

The area is served by Bus Route 2 (Angono-Quiapo) spanning Ortigas Avenue. Jeepney routes also provide intra and intercity transport along Annapolis Street, Santolan Road, and Ortigas Avenue, which brings passengers to and from the San Juan city proper, Ortigas Center, and Cubao in Quezon City.

Railways

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Greenhills is served by the Santolan–Annapolis and Ortigas stations of the MRT Line 3 and Gilmore Station of the LRT Line 2, although those are all located outside the city borders. However, the stations are connected to the barangay via bus and jeepney routes plying the stations.

The future MRT Line 4 has been approved and has plans to build two stations serving Greenhills, such as Greenhills and Bonny Serrano, and to traverse through the barangay.[48]

Other corridors

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A roofed pedestrian alley between The Eisenhower Condominium and One Kennedy Place condominiums along Eisenhower Street also connects the Greenhills area to Road 11 in the adjacent Barangay West Crame.[49][50]

Government

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The seat of government of Greenhills is located at Annapolis Wilshire Plaza along Annapolis Street,[51] a 26-storey building constructed in 2013.[52] Other facilities also include a four-storey multi-purpose building and basketball court along Santolan Road, which was inaugurated on April 24, 2022.[53]

Demographics

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Barangay Greenhills is the second most-populated barangay in San Juan, with a population of 15,212 people according to the 2020 census,[4] up from a population of 14,114 people in the 2015 census.[54] The earliest record of Barangay Greenhills in the official population census can be found on the 1975 census, the same year that San Juan was transferred to Metro Manila from the province of Rizal.[55][22]

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning Ordinance of the City of San Juan 2013-2023. Vol. III: Sectoral Studies. p. 3.
  2. ^ a b Resolution No. 42 (January 27, 1972), San Juan Municipal Resolution No. 42 series of 1972
  3. ^ a b c Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning Ordinance of the City of San Juan 2013-2023. Vol. I: The Comprehensive Land Use Plan. pp. iv, 22.
  4. ^ a b "2020 Census of Population and Housing (2020 CPH) Population Counts Declared Official by the President". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 7, 2021. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
  5. ^ "San Juan City Postal Code Metro Manila". December 5, 2019. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
  6. ^ a b c "The Developer". Ortigas Properties. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  7. ^ Manila and Suburbs (Map). July 25, 1944. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
  8. ^ G.R. No. L-33952 (March 9, 1987), Ortigas & Company, Limited Partnership, Petitioner, V. Hon. Vivencio M. Ruiz, in His Capacity as Judge of the Court of First Instance of Rizal (Branch Xv), Inocencio Bernardo, Eugenio C. Santos; Anacleto Alejandro, Moises Javier, Alejandro Sta. Ana, Jose Santos, Domingo Inocencio, Blas Cruz, Cenon Raymundo, Esperidion Santos, Benigno Tuazon, Zoilo Cruz, Florencio Ebreo, Domingo Legaspi, Lucio Mendoza, Juan Reyes, Balbino Santos, Felipe Reyes, Onisimo J. Santiago, Manuel Espiritu, Toribio Bernardo, Felimon Reyes, Guillermo Bernal, Alfredo Espiritu, Celestino Cruz, Victorio Santos, Maximiano Inocencio, Antonino Cruz, Pascual Alejandro, Francisca Aguirre, Eladio Santos, Eduvijis Alejandro, Policarpio Legaspi, Alejandro Santiago, Genaro Cruz, Mariano Santos, Florencia Carasco, Dionisia Cruz, Rosario Santiago, Ignacia Tuazon, Eusebia Molina, Rosario Alejandro and Felipa Bernal, Respondents., Chan Robles Virtual Law Library, retrieved May 1, 2024
  9. ^ a b "About Xavier". Xavier School. Retrieved July 30, 2021.
  10. ^ Cunningham, Charles H. (1916). "Origin of the Friar Lands Question in the Philippines". The American Political Science Review. 10 (3): 465–480. doi:10.2307/1945652. ISSN 0003-0554. JSTOR 1945652. S2CID 147336631.
  11. ^ Act No. 1120 (April 26, 1904), Friar Lands Act of 1904
  12. ^ Flores, Wilson (December 19, 2005). "The Ortigas clan stages a business comeback". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  13. ^ Manila and Suburbs, (Japanese Airfields) Philippines (Map). July 25, 1944. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  14. ^ a b Alcazaren, Paolo (January 11, 2003). "How Green were those Hills?". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  15. ^ a b c "Ortigas & Company". October 28, 2016. Archived from the original on October 28, 2016. Retrieved July 30, 2021.
  16. ^ "History of La Salle Green Hills". La Salle Green Hills. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
  17. ^ Philippines, Getting Married (June 29, 2012). "Mary the Queen: Simplicity in White and Blue". Weddings in the Philippines. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
  18. ^ "History of ICA". Immaculate Concepcion Academy Greenhills. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
  19. ^ Herrera, Alicia (October 8, 1998). "Chili's opens in Greenhills". BusinessWorld. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
  20. ^ G.R. No. 33516 (May 8, 1975), Mariano Rodriguez vs. Court of Appeals, Court of Agrarian Relations, Pasig, Rizal, and Ortigas & Co., Limited Partnership
  21. ^ Jimenez, Fidel (November 15, 2008). "San Juan opens COD mannequin show in Greenhills". GMA Integrated News and Public Affairs. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
  22. ^ a b Presidential Decree No. 824 (November 7, 1975), Creating the Metropolitan Manila and the Metropolitan Manila Commission and for Other Purposes
  23. ^ Resolution No. 207 (December 2, 1971), San Juan Municipal Resolution No. 207 series of 1971
  24. ^ Resolution No. 43 (January 27, 1972), San Juan Municipal Resolution No. 43 series of 1972
  25. ^ Presidential Decree No. 557 (September 21, 1974), Declaring all barrios in the Philippines as barangays, and for other purposes
  26. ^ a b c Soliven, Preciosa (October 27, 2011). "North Greenhills 39 years ago". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  27. ^ a b David, Mikko (September 30, 2018). "The story of the 1971 Greenhills Grand Prix". Top Gear Philippines. Retrieved August 22, 2022.
  28. ^ "Racing with Legends" Part 10: Greenhills Grand Prix, archived from the original on December 20, 2021, retrieved October 3, 2021
  29. ^ Altoveros, Jose (May 22, 2019). "These vintage photos show that racing in the Philippines was awesome". Autoindustriya. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  30. ^ Yap, Karl Lester (October 6, 2004). "Restored, souped-up vehicles take spotlight in motor show". BusinessWorld. Retrieved August 22, 2022.
  31. ^ a b "G.R. No. 148560". lawphil.net. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  32. ^ a b c d Alquitran, Jose Rodel Clapano,Jaime Laude,Non. "Estrada jailed for plunder". Philstar.com. Retrieved May 27, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  33. ^ Alquitran, Christina Mendez,Non. "Airborne troops on alert for arrest". Philstar.com. Retrieved May 27, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  34. ^ Ranada, Pia (July 23, 2019). "Año wants to open gated subdivisions during rush hours". Rappler.
  35. ^ Ramirez, Robertzon (July 26, 2019). "Mayors act on DILG call to ease traffic". The Philippine Star.
  36. ^ Servallos, Neil Jayson (July 26, 2019). "San Juan bans parking on Greenhills streets". The Philippine Star. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
  37. ^ Tipan, Eric (February 26, 2016). "San Juan revises Greenhills street parking rule". AutoIndustriya.com. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
  38. ^ Crisostomo, Sheila (March 7, 2020). "Philippines has first local case of COVID-19". The Philippine Star.
  39. ^ "LOOK: Greenhills virtually deserted, as coronavirus scare grips mall". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved July 29, 2022.
  40. ^ "Istituto Culinario: Are you ready to cook a masterpiece?". The Philippine Star. July 19, 2012. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
  41. ^ "Hospital In Greenhills, San Juan". Cardinal Santos Medical Center. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
  42. ^ "Greenhills Mall - The Medical City Clinic is now open at G/F Connecticut Arcade, Greenhills! Clinic Schedule: Monday - Saturday 8am - 5pm HOTLINE: (02) 8396-9899 Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
  43. ^ Chong, Terence (March 6, 2018). Pentecostal Megachurches in Southeast Asia: Negotiating Class, Consumption and the Nation. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. p. 133. ISBN 978-981-4786-88-1. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  44. ^ "List of all bike lanes based on DPWH classifications". Freedom of Information Philippines. August 25, 2022. Retrieved August 11, 2023.
  45. ^ Luna, Franco (April 8, 2022). "The Road Ahead: In San Juan, 'culture shift' among drivers needed for cyclists to thrive". The Philippine Star. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
  46. ^ Cruz, James Patrick (August 18, 2023). "San Juan City removes bollards along bike lanes in Ortigas". Rappler. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
  47. ^ "The new 24/7 jogging and bike lanes along Greenhills are now open". TopGear Philippines. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
  48. ^ Soho, Jessica (January 3, 2020). SONA: Pagtatayo ng MRT-4 na tatagos sa kahabaan ng Ortigas Ave., inaprubahan ng NEDA Board [NEDA board approved the construction of MRT-4 that will run through Ortigas Ave.]. YouTube (in Filipino). GMA News.
  49. ^ "Barangay Greenhills". www.facebook.com. Retrieved October 14, 2021.
  50. ^ "Way: Eisenhower Street-Footpath-Road 11 (43550565)". OpenStreetMap. Retrieved October 14, 2021.
  51. ^ "Barangay Greenhills". Facebook. Barangay government of Greenhills. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
  52. ^ "Annapolis Wilshire Plaza For Sale". Annapolis Wilshire Plaza. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
  53. ^ Samahan po ninyo kami sa... - Mayor Francis Zamora, retrieved May 4, 2022
  54. ^ "Highlights of the Philippine Population 2015 Census of Population". Philippine Statistics Authority. May 19, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
  55. ^ Urban Population of the Philippines By Category, By Region, Province And City/Municipality And By Barangay: 1970, 1975 And 1980. Manila: National Economic and Development Authority National Census and Statistics Office. 1983. p. 327.
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