Apis (/ˈeɪpɪs/; Ancient Greek: Ἄπις derived from apios "far-off"[1] or "of the pear-tree"[2]) was a king of Argos in Greek mythology.
Family
editApis was a son of Phoroneus by the nymph Teledice[3] (Laodice[citation needed]) or Cinna[4] or Cerdo,[5] and brother of Niobe. In some accounts, he was the son of Phoroneus by his first wife Peitho ("Persuasion") and thus brother to Aegialeus.[6] Yet, Apis' possible mother was also Perimede, daughter of Aeolus.[7]
Reign
editDuring Apis' reign he established a tyrannical government and called the Peloponnesus after his own name Apia, but was eventually killed in a conspiracy headed by Thelxion, king of Sparta, and Telchis.[3] In the former of these passages Apollodorus of Athens states that Apis, the son of Phoroneus, was killed by Aetolus; but this is a mistake arising from the confusion of this Apis with another Apis who was the son of Jason, who was killed by Aetolus during the funeral games celebrated in honor of Azanes.[8] Argus Panoptes, a descendant of his sister Niobe, avenged his murder by putting Thelxion and Telchis to death.[9]
| APIS' CHRONOLOGY OF REIGN ACCORDING TO VARIOUS SOURCES | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kings of Argos | Regnal Years | Castor | Regnal Years | Syncellus | Regnal Years | Apollodorus | Hyginus | Tatian | Pausanias | ||
| Precessor | 1652 | 60 winters & summers | Phoroneus | 1649.5 | 60 winters & summers | Phoroneus | 1650 | Phoroneus | -do- | -do- | -do- |
| Apis | 1622 | 35 winters & summers | Apis | 1619.5 | 35 winters & summers | Apis | 1625 | Apis | -do- | -do- | -do- |
| Successor | 1604.5 | 70 winters & summers | Argus | 1602 | 70 winters & summers | Argus | 1600 | Argus | -do- | Argeius or Criasus | Argus |
Serapis
editApis, the son of Phoroneus, is said, after his death, to have been worshiped as a god under the name of Serapis (Σάραπις). This confusion is still more manifest in the tradition, that Apis gave his kingdom of Argos to his brother, and went to Egypt, where he reigned for several years afterwards.[10][11] Apis is spoken of as one of the earliest lawgivers among the Greeks.[12] Both these stories show that Egyptian myths were mixed up with the story of Apis, see Apis (Egyptian mythology).
Notes
edit- ^ Liddell, Henry; Scott, Robert, eds. (1940). "ἄπιος, v.". A Greek-English Lexicon. Clarendon Press.
- ^ Liddell, Henry; Scott, Robert, eds. (1940). "ἄπιος, n.". A Greek-English Lexicon. Clarendon Press.
- ^ a b Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2.1.1
- ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 145
- ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, 2. 21. 1
- ^ Scholiast on Euripides, Orestes 920
- ^ Scholia on Pindar, Olympian Ode 3. 28
- ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 5.50.6
- ^ Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2.1.2
- ^ Eusebius, Chronicle, n. 271
- ^ Augustine, De Civitate Dei, 18. 5
- ^ Theodoret. Graec. Affect. Cur. vol. iv. p. 927, ed. Schulz.
References
edit- Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
- Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Pseudo-Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Schmitz, Leonhard (1870). "Apis". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 1. p. 226.