Outer London is the name for the group of London boroughs that form a ring around Inner London.[1] Together, the inner and outer boroughs form London, the capital city of the United Kingdom. The population at the 2021 Census was 5,395,500, which means over 60% of the population of Greater London lives in Outer London.
Outer London | |
|---|---|
 Statutory definition | |
 Statistical definition | |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Country | England |
| Region | London |
| Administrative area | Greater London |
| Area | |
| • Total | 484 sq mi (1,253 km2) |
| Population (2021 Census) | |
| • Total | 5,395,500 |
| • Density | 11,000/sq mi (4,300/km2) |
| NUTS | UKI2 |
History
editOuter London consists of areas that were not part of the County of London and became formally part of London when Greater London was created 1965. An exception is North Woolwich, which was in the County of London but was transferred to Newham in 1965.
London Government Act 1963
editThe twenty Outer London boroughs were defined by the London Government Act 1963.[2] The main difference between Inner and Outer London boroughs between 1965 and 1990 was that the outer boroughs were local education authorities. The statutory Outer London boroughs are:
ONS definition (statistics)
editThe Office for National Statistics and the decennial UK Census use a different definition of Outer London, excluding Haringey and Newham (which are defined as Inner London), and including Greenwich.[3] This is reflected in the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) classification. Under this classification, Outer London consists of the nineteen London boroughs of Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Kingston upon Thames, Merton, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Sutton, and Waltham Forest.
Population
edit| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1891 | |
| 1901 | |
| 1911 | |
| 1921 | |
| 1931 | |
| 1939 | |
| 1951 | |
| 1961 | |
| 1971 | |
| 1981 | |
| 1991 | |
| 2001 | |
| 2011 | |
| 2021 |
Figures here are for the Office for National Statistics defined Outer London (in its 2001 limits), whose land area is 1,254 km2 (484 sq mi). Figures before 1971 have been reconstructed by the Office for National Statistics based on past censuses in order to fit the 2001 limits.
Outer London continued to grow as population moved from Inner London, surpassing the Inner London population in 1951 at 4,517,588. The population of Greater London as a whole then started to decline, and the Outer London population fell from the 1951 peak to 4,230,000 in 1991. Since 1991 the Outer London population has been increasing again, surpassing the 1951 peak with a population of 4,942,040 in 2011. The population at the 2021 Census was 5,395,500.[4] Over 60% of the population of Greater London lives in Outer London.
Economy
editIn 2002 there were 1.64 million jobs located in Outer London, which accounted for 42% of total jobs in London. Heathrow Airport and Croydon are the most significant locations for employment in Outer London.[5]
Ethnicity
edit| Ethnic Group | Year | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 estimations[6] | 1991 census[7] | |||
| Number | % | Number | % | |
| White: Total | 3,821,141 | 89.8% | 3,534,783 | 82.9% |
| White: British | – | – | – | – |
| White: Irish | – | – | – | – |
| White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller | – | – | – | – |
| White: Roma | – | – | – | – |
| White: Other | – | – | – | – |
| Asian or Asian British: Total | 263,610 | 6.2% | 457,755 | 10.7% |
| Asian or Asian British: Indian | 172,715 | 4.1% | 283,286 | 6.7% |
| Asian or Asian British: Pakistani | 36,710 | 0.8% | 60,723 | 1.4% |
| Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi | 6,778 | 15,122 | ||
| Asian or Asian British: Chinese | 16,556 | 29,030 | ||
| Asian or Asian British: Other Asian | 30,851 | 69,594 | ||
| Black or Black British: Total | 131,883 | 3.1% | 205,299 | 4.8% |
| Black or Black British: African | 31,361 | 56,463 | ||
| Black or Black British: Caribbean | 78,534 | 1.8% | 116,359 | 2.7% |
| Black or Black British: Other Black | 21,988 | 32,477 | ||
| Mixed or British Mixed: Total | – | – | – | – |
| Mixed: White and Black Caribbean | – | – | – | – |
| Mixed: White and Black African | – | – | – | – |
| Mixed: White and Asian | – | – | – | – |
| Mixed: Other Mixed | – | – | – | – |
| Other: Total | 38,861 | 0.9% | 64,858 | 1.5% |
| Other: Arab | – | – | – | – |
| Other: Any other ethnic group | – | – | ||
| Non-White: Total | 434,360 | 10.2% | 727,917 | 17.1% |
| Total | 4,255,501 | 100% | 4,262,700 | 100% |
Strategic planning
editFor the purposes of the London Plan planning document produced by the Mayor of London, Outer London consists of the statutory Outer London boroughs, with the exception of Newham.[8]
Other definitions
editFrom 1990 to 2000 London used two telephone area codes with separate codes for 'Inner London' and 'Outer London' (originally 071 and 081 respectively, becoming 0171 and 0181 in 1995). The area covered by the 'Outer London' code was widely different from all of the above definitions. In 2000, London returned to using a single 020 area code and all official distinctions between 'inner' and 'outer' London numbers ceased at this time.[9][10]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "A Beginners Guide to UK Geography (2023)". Open Geography Portal. Office for National Statistics. 24 August 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
Outer London refers to the part of Greater London falling outside the boundaries of the former London county, which existed from 1889 to 1965. The Outer London area includes 19 of the London boroughs.
- ^ Office of Public Sector Information - London Government Act 1963 (c.33) (as amended)
- ^ "Outer London through time: Administrative History (post 1974)". A vision of Britain through time. Great Britain Historical GIS. Archived from the original on 2012-02-13. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
- ^ "Population and household estimates, England and Wales: Census 2021". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ King, Stephen (March 2009). "Working Paper 34: Outer London – Economic data and statistics" (PDF). GLA Economics. Greater London Authority. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
- ^ Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration. Internet Archive. London : HMSO. 1996. ISBN 978-0-11-691655-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration. Internet Archive. London : HMSO. 1996. ISBN 978-0-11-691655-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Mayor of London. London Plan: Chapter 2 (PDF). Greater London Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-06.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-26. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-17. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)