The molluscs have the widest variety of eye morphologies of any phylum,[1] and a large degree of variation in their function. Cephalopods such as octopus, squid, and cuttlefish have eyes as complex as those of vertebrates, while scallops have up to 100 simple eyes.[2]
Diversity
editThere are between seven and eleven distinct eye types in molluscs.[3] Molluscs have eyes of all levels of complexity, from the pit eyes of many gastropods, to the pinhole eyes of the Nautilus, to the lensed eyes of the other cephalopods. Compound eyes are present in some bivalves, and reflective 'mirrors' have been innovated by other lineages such as scallops.[1] As well as varying in complexity, the eyes of molluscs span a huge range in size; they may be from 20 μm (0.0008 in) to 27 cm (11 in) across.[1]
Anatomy
editGastropods and cephalopods have paired eyes on their heads (and sometimes tails),[1] but many molluscs do not have clear head regions in which to locate the eyes. Consequently, many molluscs may have a multitude of eyes in more unlikely places, such as along the edge of their shell.[1] Chitons have a dispersed network of tiny eyes over the surface of their shells which may act together as a compound eye.[1] Many gastropods have stalked eyes; the eye can be retracted into the stalk itself in the presence of danger.[1]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Serb, J. M.; Eernisse, D. J. (2008). "Charting Evolution's Trajectory: Using Molluscan Eye Diversity to Understand Parallel and Convergent Evolution". Evolution: Education and Outreach. 1 (4): 439–447. doi:10.1007/s12052-008-0084-1.
- ^ Land, M F; Fernald, R D (March 1992). "The Evolution of Eyes". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 15 (1): 1–29. doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.15.030192.000245.
- ^ 'Camera eyes in gastropod molluscs", mapoflife.org
External links
edit Media related to Mollusca eyes at Wikimedia Commons