Marco Camenisch (born 21 January 1952) is a Swiss anarchist and environmental activist.[1]
Biography
editEarly life
editCamenisch was born on January 21, 1952, in Campocologno, Switzerland and raised in a middle-class home in canton Graubünden.[2]
Activism
editIn the late 1970s, Camenisch was involved in local opposition to the nuclear power industry. In Switzerland, as in other countries, the movement against nuclear power plants utilized tactics of direct action: cutting down electrical pylons, sabotage against power stations, and actions against leaders of the nuclear industry.[3]
On Christmas eve of 1979, Camenisch with René Moser sabotaged a power station belonging to NOK (Nordostschweizer Kraftwerke) at Bad Ragaz, St. Gallen with explosives, destroying two transformers and a power pole. The pair were arrested for the sabotage in January 1980 and after spending a year free on bail, the court of Canton in Chur and Graubünden sentenced Camenisch to 10 years in prison.[4][5]
Escape
editIn December 1981, he escaped from Regensdorf prison[4] near Zürich, along with 5 other prisoners. During the melée a prison guard was shot and killed, and another was seriously injured. Camenisch claimed he hadn't been part of the group which committed the shootings. After the escape he spent 10 years in hiding.[3][6]
In 1989, Swiss federal police and media claimed he was responsible for the killing of Swiss border police officer Kurt Moser at Brusio.[4]
Arrest in Italy
editOn November 5, 1991, Camenisch was stopped by Carabinieri on Cinquale di Montignoso road, along with fellow anarchist Giancarlo Sergianpietri. Camenisch produced a handgun and opened fire, wounding one of the soldiers. In the ensuing shootout, he was wounded in one leg and arrested. Two guns and six rudimentary bombs were found at his place. He was taken to Pisa hospital, where he remained for six months, and later at San Vittore prison infirmary in Milan. The Italian Court of Massa Carrara sentenced him to 12 years for assault and sabotage of electrical pylons. He served 9 of those years while in solitary confinement in a maximum-security prison.[4]
Extradition to Switzerland
editIn April 2002, Camenisch was extradited to Switzerland and transferred to a prison in Pfäffikon near Zürich.[3] In January 2003, after a hunger strike against the conditions of imprisonment he was suffering, he was transferred to a prison in Chur with better conditions.[7] In 2002 the Swiss government transferred him back to Pfäffikon.[7] In July 2004 he was sentenced to seventeen years in prison for the murder of Kurt Moser.[4][5]
In November 2006 the Federal Supreme Court nullified this sentence on the basis that the sum of the two prison terms would exceed the maximum of twenty years set by Swiss law. On 13 March the sentence was therefore reduced to eight years.[8]
Camenisch has maintained his political beliefs during his time in prison, and he has remained a political activist.[8]
He was freed from prison on 10 March 2017, after 26 years.[9][10]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Swiss eco-activist found guilty of murder". Archived from the original on 2006-09-25.
- ^ "Eco-terrorists have Switzerland and Italy in sight". SWI swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
- ^ a b c "Ecoterrorist goes on trial for murder". SWI swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
- ^ a b c d e Bott, Martin (2004-06-05). "'Eco-terrorist' jailed for killing border guard". The Independent. London. Retrieved 2017-12-30.
- ^ a b "Schweiz - Zwiegespräche mit dem «Ökoterroristen» Marco Camenisch (Dialogues with the "eco-terrorist" Marco Camenisch)". Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF) (in German). 2015-04-15. Retrieved 2021-05-25.
- ^ "Ecoterrorist gets 17 years for murder". SWI swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
- ^ a b swissinfo.ch, Paolo Bertossa in Rome, (translated by Isobel Johnson). "Marco Camenisch; a life of extremes". SWI swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b swissinfo.ch, <Daniele Mariani>, (Adapted from Italian by Dale Bechtel). "Violent anarchist groups go global". SWI swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Marco Camenisch è libero". Ticinonline (in Italian). 14 March 2017.
- ^ "Marco Camenisch aus Gefängnis entlassen". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German).
Further reading
edit- Posłuszna, Elżbieta; Mareš, Miroslav (2016). "Marco Camenisch". In Fredholm, Michael (ed.). Understanding Lone Actor Terrorism: Past Experience, Future Outlook, and Response Strategies. London: Routledge. pp. 98–100. ISBN 978-1-315-65762-2.