ADARB1

Double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADARB1 gene. The enzyme is a member of ADAR family.

ADARB1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1ZY7, 5ED1, 5ED2, 5HP3, 5HP2
Identifiers
Aliases	ADARB1, ADAR2, DRABA2, DRADA2, RED1, adenosine deaminase, RNA specific B1, adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1, NEDHYMS
External IDs	OMIM: 601218; MGI: 891999; HomoloGene: 8280; GeneCards: ADARB1; OMA:ADARB1 - orthologs
EC number	3.5.4.37
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 21 (human) Band 21q22.3 Start 45,073,853 bp End 45,226,560 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse) Band 10 C1|10 39.72 cM Start 77,126,560 bp End 77,254,104 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in tibial arteries gastric mucosa right coronary artery cerebellar vermis saphenous vein lateral nuclear group of thalamus Descending thoracic aorta ascending aorta Achilles tendon left coronary artery Top expressed in medial dorsal nucleus medial geniculate nucleus lateral geniculate nucleus inferior colliculi cerebellar cortex medulla oblongata nucleus of stria terminalis dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell pontine nuclei visual cortex More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function metal ion binding adenosine deaminase activity protein binding RNA binding double-stranded RNA binding mRNA binding hydrolase activity double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase activity tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase activity Cellular component nucleoplasm nucleolus nucleus cytosol cytoplasm Biological process RNA processing immune system process mRNA processing base conversion or substitution editing regulation of cell cycle negative regulation of cell migration defense response to virus negative regulation of protein kinase activity by regulation of protein phosphorylation positive regulation of viral genome replication innate immune response adenosine to inosine editing negative regulation of cell population proliferation neuromuscular synaptic transmission facial nerve morphogenesis hypoglossal nerve morphogenesis spinal cord ventral commissure morphogenesis multicellular organism growth neuromuscular process controlling posture innervation muscle tissue morphogenesis motor behavior motor neuron apoptotic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 104 110532 Ensembl ENSG00000197381 ENSMUSG00000020262 UniProt P78563 Q91ZS8 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001033049 NM_001112 NM_001160230 NM_015833 NM_015834 NM_001346687 NM_001346688 NM_001024837 NM_001024838 NM_001024839 NM_001024840 NM_130895 RefSeq (protein) NP_001103 NP_001153702 NP_001333616 NP_001333617 NP_056648 NP_056649 NP_001020008 NP_570965 NP_001020009 Location (UCSC) Chr 21: 45.07 – 45.23 Mb Chr 10: 77.13 – 77.25 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for pre-mRNA editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific deamination of adenosines. Studies in rats found that this enzyme acted on its own pre-mRNA molecules to convert an AA dinucleotide to an AI dinucleotide which resulted in a new splice site. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants, some of which have been characterized by the presence or absence of an Alu cassette insert and a short or long C-terminal region.

ADARB1 requires the small molecule inositol hexakisphosphate (IP₆) for proper function. ADARB1 is an A-to-I RNA-editing enzyme that mostly acts on protein-coding substrates.

See also

• Adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme acting on isolated adenosine

Further reading

• Valenzuela A, Blanco J, Callebaut C, Jacotot E, Lluis C, Hovanessian AG, Franco R (1997). "HIV-1 Envelope gp120 and Viral Particles Block Adenosine Deaminase Binding to Human CD26". Cellular Peptidases in Immune Functions and Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 421. pp. 185–92. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9613-1_24. ISBN 978-1-4757-9615-5. PMID 9330696.
• Melcher T, Maas S, Herb A, Sprengel R, Seeburg PH, Higuchi M (February 1996). "A mammalian RNA editing enzyme". Nature. 379 (6564): 460–4. Bibcode:1996Natur.379..460M. doi:10.1038/379460a0. PMID 8559253. S2CID 4326456.
• O'Connell MA, Gerber A, Keller W (January 1997). "Purification of human double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 (hRED1) involved in editing of brain glutamate receptor B pre-mRNA". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (1): 473–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.1.473. PMID 8995285.
• Valenzuela A, Blanco J, Callebaut C, Jacotot E, Lluis C, Hovanessian AG, Franco R (April 1997). "Adenosine deaminase binding to human CD26 is inhibited by HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and viral particles". Journal of Immunology. 158 (8): 3721–9. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.158.8.3721. PMID 9103436.
• Lai F, Chen CX, Carter KC, Nishikura K (May 1997). "Editing of glutamate receptor B subunit ion channel RNAs by four alternatively spliced DRADA2 double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminases". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 17 (5): 2413–24. doi:10.1128/MCB.17.5.2413. PMC 232090. PMID 9111310.
• Yang JH, Sklar P, Axel R, Maniatis T (April 1997). "Purification and characterization of a human RNA adenosine deaminase for glutamate receptor B pre-mRNA editing". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 94 (9): 4354–9. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.4354Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4354. PMC 20726. PMID 9113993.
• Gerber A, O'Connell MA, Keller W (May 1997). "Two forms of human double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 (hRED1) generated by the insertion of an Alu cassette". RNA. 3 (5): 453–63. PMC 1369496. PMID 9149227.
• Villard L, Tassone F, Haymowicz M, Welborn R, Gardiner K (March 1997). "Map location, genomic organization and expression patterns of the human RED1 RNA editase". Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics. 23 (2): 135–45. doi:10.1007/BF02679972. PMID 9330641. S2CID 45104326.
• Blanco J, Valenzuela A, Herrera C, Lluís C, Hovanessian AG, Franco R (July 2000). "The HIV-1 gp120 inhibits the binding of adenosine deaminase to CD26 by a mechanism modulated by CD4 and CXCR4 expression". FEBS Letters. 477 (1–2): 123–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01751-8. PMID 10899322. S2CID 22229481.
• Herrera C, Morimoto C, Blanco J, Mallol J, Arenzana F, Lluis C, Franco R (June 2001). "Comodulation of CXCR4 and CD26 in human lymphocytes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (22): 19532–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004586200. PMID 11278278.
• Maas S, Patt S, Schrey M, Rich A (December 2001). "Underediting of glutamate receptor GluR-B mRNA in malignant gliomas". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (25): 14687–92. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9814687M. doi:10.1073/pnas.251531398. PMC 64742. PMID 11717408.
• Jayan GC, Casey JL (April 2002). "Increased RNA editing and inhibition of hepatitis delta virus replication by high-level expression of ADAR1 and ADAR2". Journal of Virology. 76 (8): 3819–27. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.8.3819-3827.2002. PMC 136091. PMID 11907222.
• Jaikaran DC, Collins CH, MacMillan AM (October 2002). "Adenosine to inosine editing by ADAR2 requires formation of a ternary complex on the GluR-B R/G site". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (40): 37624–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204126200. PMID 12163487.
• Jayan GC, Casey JL (December 2002). "Inhibition of hepatitis delta virus RNA editing by short inhibitory RNA-mediated knockdown of ADAR1 but not ADAR2 expression". Journal of Virology. 76 (23): 12399–404. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.23.12399-12404.2002. PMC 136899. PMID 12414985.
• Slavov D, Gardiner K (October 2002). "Phylogenetic comparison of the pre-mRNA adenosine deaminase ADAR2 genes and transcripts: conservation and diversity in editing site sequence and alternative splicing patterns". Gene. 299 (1–2): 83–94. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01016-8. PMID 12459255.

External links

• Human ADARB1 genome location and ADARB1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.