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A. Ross Eckler, <a href="https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article/vol13/iss1/15">Alphabetizing the Integers</a> (Word Ways, 1981, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 18-20).
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We distinguish two kinds of "alphabetical order": letter-by-letter and word-by-word. For example, the a- and b-files in A340671, as well as my Mathematica code below (wherein you can make k any integer up to an arbitrary klimit), assume word-by-word (i.e., a space precedes any letter). For A124172 the assumption first impacts a(319602) = 800 (not 18). Ross Eckler first noted the sequence in the February 1981 issue of Word Ways (see p. 20 in the link), attributing it to Philip Cohen. - Hans Havermann, Aug 13 2024
A. Ross Eckler, <a href="https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2556&context
klimit=100; u=IntegerName[Range[klimit], "Words"]; k=24; seq={}; Do[r=Take[u, i]; s=AlphabeticSort[r]; t=Table[FirstPosition[r, s[[j]]][[1]], {j, i}]; seq=Join[seq, t], {i, k}]; seq (* Hans Havermann, Aug 13 2024 *)
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Next term > 3*10^910. - _Hans Havermann_, Jul 29 2024
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np[n_]:=FixedPoint[n+PrimePi[#]&, n+PrimePi[n]]; seq[n_]:=If[PrimeQ[Abs[n]], n-Prime[Abs[n]], n+np[Abs[n]]]; NestList[seq, 3, 52] (* _Hans Havermann_, Jul 23 2024 *)
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np[n_]:=FixedPoint[n+PrimePi[#]&, n+PrimePi[n]]; seq[n_]:=If[PrimeQ[Abs[n]], n-Prime[Abs[n]], n+np[Abs[n]]]; NestList[seq, 3, 52]
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