ræd

See also: raed, räd, and Appendix:Variations of "rad"

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse hræddr, past participle of hræða.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɛðˀ/, [ˈʁaðˀ], [ˈʁɑðˀ], (Jutlandic) IPA^(key): /rajˀ/, [ˈʁɑjˀ]

Adjective

ræd (plural and definite singular attributive rædde)

1. (dated, dialect) afraid

   Synonym: bange

Derived terms

• mørkeræd
• rædsom

Old English

Alternative forms

• rēd — Anglian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *rād, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaz.

Cognate with Old Frisian rēd, Old Saxon rād, Old High German rāt, Old Norse ráð (Proto-Norse *ᚱᚨᛞᚨᛉ (*radaʀ /⁠*rādaz⁠/)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ræːd/

Noun

rǣd m

1. advice
   • late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies

     Nāt ic þē nānne betran rēd þonne þū ǣr cwēde. Ac lǣt bēon þone wōp and þā unrōtnesse, and bēo ġemetlīce blīðe. Þū wēre ǣr tō unġemetlīce unrōt, forðām sēo unrōtnes derað ǣġðer ġe mōd ġe līchaman.

     I know no better advice for thee than thou formerly saidst. But leave off woe and sorrow, and be measurably happy. Thou wert formerly too immoderately sorrowful, for sorrow injureth both mind and body.

2. counsel
   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint George, Martyr"

     Nāst þū lā Geori þæt ūre godas swincað mid þē and ġit hī synd ġeþyldiġe þæt hī þe miltsion. Nū lǣre ic ðē swā swā lēofne sunu þæt ðū þæra cristenra lāre forlǣte mid ealle and tō mīnum rǣde hraðe ġebūge swā þæt ðū offriġe þām ārwurðan Appoline and þū mycelne wurðmynt miht swā beġitan.

     Knowest thou not, O George, that our gods are striving with thee, and even yet they are patient, that they may pity thee; now I exhort thee, as a beloved son, that thou altogether quit the Christians' doctrine, and quickly incline to my counsel, so that thou sacrifice to the venerable Apollo, and thou mayest so obtain great honour.

3. that which is advisable.
   • Leech Book, Leech Book, Volume II, xxxiii.

     Rǣd bið ġif hē nimð mealan mid hire cīþum, sēoþe on wætere, sele drincan.

     It is advisable if he taketh mallow with its sprouts; let him seethe them in water, give this to be drunk

4. decision
5. plan
6. judgement, reason

Declension

Declension of rǣd (strong a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	rǣd	rǣdas
accusative	rǣd	rǣdas
genitive	rǣdes	rǣda
dative	rǣde	rǣdum

Derived terms

• rǣdan
• rǣdġiefa

Descendants

• Middle English: red, ræd, rede, reed
  • English: rede
  • Scots: rede