Wiktionary

sur

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sur"

Asturian

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Noun

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sur m (uncountable)

  1. south

Basque

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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sur inan

  1. (Biscayan) Alternative form of sudur

Further reading

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Cornish

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Etymology

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From French sûr.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sur

  1. certain, sure

Danish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Verbal noun to surre (“to whirr”) (imitative).

Noun

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sur n (singular definite surret, plural indefinite sur)

  1. whirr (a sibilant buzz or vibration from insect wings)
Declension
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Declension of sur
neuter
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative sur surret sur surrene
genitive surs surrets surs surrenes

Etymology 2

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From Old Norse súrr (“sour”), from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *súHros.

Adjective

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sur

  1. sour (having an acid, sharp or tangy taste)
  2. (chemistry) acidic
  3. (of dairy products) spoiled
  4. (of a person or communication) surly, cross, annoyed, sulky, sore
  5. (of work or situation) unpleasant
Inflection
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Inflection of sur
Positive Comparative Superlative
Indefinte common singular sur surere surest2
Indefinite neuter singular surt surere surest2
Plural sure surere surest2
Definite attributive1 sure surere sureste
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Esperanto

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Etymology

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From French sur.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /sur/
  • Audio:(file)

Preposition

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sur

  1. on, upon

Derived terms

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French

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Middle French sur, from Old French sur, seur, sor, soure, souvre, sovre (“on, upon, over”), from Latin super (“over, on, above”), from *eks-uper, from *h₁eǵʰs (“out of”) (Latin ex) and *upér (“above”), from *upo. Doublet of super, a borrowing. Cognate with Old English ofer (“over, above”). More at over.

Preposition

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sur

  1. on, upon
  2. on top of
  3. from on top of
  4. above
  5. out of
    sept sur dix ― seven out of ten
  6. in the case of
  7. about, concerning
  8. (informal, France) in (a place)
    Synonyms: à, en, dans
    sur Paris ― in Paris
Synonyms
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Antonyms
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Etymology 2

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Inherited from Middle French sur, from Old French sur (“sour, bitter”), from Frankish *sūr (“acidic, sour”), from Proto-Germanic *sūraz (“sour”). More at English sour.

Adjective

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sur (feminine sure, masculine plural surs, feminine plural sures)

  1. sour

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Further reading

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Galician

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French sud, from Old English suþ, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą.

Noun

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sur m (plural sures)

  1. (uncountable) south (cardinal direction)
  2. (uncountable) the southern portion of a territory or region
  3. (countable) a southern; a wind blowing from the south

Antonyms

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Coordinate terms

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Derived terms

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Derived terms

Further reading

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Ido

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French sur, Italian su.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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sur

  1. on

Italian

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Etymology

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From Latin super (“above”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsur/
  • Rhymes: -ur
  • Hyphenation: sùr

Preposition

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sur

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of su used before words beginning with u (especially indefinite articles)
    sur un tavolo ― on a table

Further reading

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  • sur in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Maltese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Arabic سُور (sūr).

Noun

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sur m (plural swar)

  1. wall, rampart
    • 1949, Anton Buttigieg, “Il-Bejta fis-Sur”, in Mill-Gallerija ta’ Żgħożiti:
      U tela’ għas-sur, wisq imgħaddab,
      u kaxkar kull xitla, kull żrara,
      u l-bejta dlonk ħataf, ġarr miegħu
      bl-għasafar, jaħasra xi ħsara!
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. bastion
  3. rock

Etymology 2

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Contraction of sinjur, from Sicilian signuri.

Noun

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sur m (usually uncountable)

  1. mister, sir
    is-Sur Buttiġieġ ― Mr Buttigieg

Middle English

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Adjective

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sur

  1. Alternative form of sure

Middle High German

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Etymology

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From Old High German sūr, from Proto-West Germanic *sūr, from Proto-West Germanic *sūr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *suHrós.

Adjective

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sūr

  1. sour

Declension

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Positive forms of sūr
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter nonneuter neuter
strong declension nominative sūrer sūriu sūreȥ sūre sūriu
genitive sūres sūrer(e) sūres sūrer(e)
dative sūrem(e) sūrer(e) sūrem(e) sūren
accusative sūren sūre sūreȥ sūre sūriu
weak declension nominative dër sūre diu sūre daȥ sūre die sūren diu sūren
genitive dës sūren dër sūren dës sūren dër sūren
dative dëm sūren dër sūren dëm sūren dën sūren
accusative dën sūren die sūren daȥ sūre die sūren diu sūren

Descendants

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References

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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From Old Norse súrr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *súHros. Cognate with Danish sur, Icelandic súr, Dutch zuur, English sour and German sauer.

Adjective

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sur (neuter singular surt, definite singular and plural sure, comparative surere, indefinite superlative surest, definite superlative sureste)

  1. sour (e.g. the characteristic taste of a lemon)
  2. In a bad temper, sulky
  3. acidic
    sur nedbør ― acid rain
  4. cold, unpleasant (often about weather)
    Det er surt ute.
    The weather is unpleasant outside
    Han prøver å gjøre livet surt for meg.
    He's trying to make life difficult for me.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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From Old Norse súrr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *súHros. Cognate with Danish sur, Icelandic súr, Dutch zuur, English sour and German sauer.

Adjective

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sur (neuter singular surt, definite singular and plural sure, comparative surare, indefinite superlative surast, definite superlative suraste)

  1. sour
  2. acidic
    sur nedbør ― acid rain
  3. bad-tempered, annoyed, in a foul mood
    Synonym: gretten
  4. used about old socks which are smelling bad

Derived terms

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References

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Old English

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *sūr. Cognate with Old Saxon sūr, Old High German sūr, Old Norse súrr.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sūr

  1. sour

Declension

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Declension of sūr — Strong
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative sūr sūr sūr
Accusative sūrne sūre sūr
Genitive sūres sūrre sūres
Dative sūrum sūrre sūrum
Instrumental sūre sūrre sūre
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative sūre sūra, sūre sūr
Accusative sūre sūra, sūre sūr
Genitive sūrra sūrra sūrra
Dative sūrum sūrum sūrum
Instrumental sūrum sūrum sūrum
Declension of sūr — Weak
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative sūra sūre sūre
Accusative sūran sūran sūre
Genitive sūran sūran sūran
Dative sūran sūran sūran
Instrumental sūran sūran sūran
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative sūran sūran sūran
Accusative sūran sūran sūran
Genitive sūrra, sūrena sūrra, sūrena sūrra, sūrena
Dative sūrum sūrum sūrum
Instrumental sūrum sūrum sūrum

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Old French

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Frankish *sūr (“acidic, sour”). 1160 CE.

Adjective

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sur m (oblique and nominative feminine singular sure)

  1. sour, bitter
Descendants
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Etymology 2

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Preposition

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sur

  1. Alternative form of seur

Old High German

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *sūr, from Proto-West Germanic *sūr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *suHrós.

Adjective

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sūr

  1. sour

Descendants

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Old Swedish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse súrr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz.

Adjective

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sūr

  1. sour

Declension

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head=sūr
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Declension of sūr (strong)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative sūr sūr sūrt
accusative sūran sūra sūrt
dative sūrum
sūrom 		sūrri
sūrre 		sūru
sūro
genitive sūrs sūrrar sūrs
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative sūrir
sūrer 		sūrar sūr
accusative sūra sūrar sūr
dative sūrum
sūrom 		sūrum
sūrom 		sūrum
sūrom
genitive sūrra
sūra 		sūrra
sūra 		sūrra
sūra
Declension of sūr (weak)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative sūri
sūre 		sūra sūra
accusative sūra sūru
sūro 		sūra
dative sūra sūru
sūro 		sūra
genitive sūra sūru
sūro 		sūra
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative sūru
sūro 		sūru
sūro 		sūru
sūro
accusative sūru
sūro 		sūru
sūro 		sūru
sūro
dative sūru
sūro 		sūru
sūro 		sūru
sūro
genitive sūru
sūro 		sūru
sūro 		sūru
sūro

Descendants

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Prasuni

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Nuristani *sara, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáras, from Proto-Indo-European *sélos.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sur (Pashki)[1]

  1. lake
  2. pond

References

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  1. ^ Strand, Richard F. (2016) “sur”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎[1]

Rohingya

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Sanskrit चोर (cora).

Noun

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sur (Hanifi spelling 𐴏𐴟𐴌)

  1. thief
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Romanian

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Etymology

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Most likely from a Slavic language. Compare Bulgarian сур (sur), Serbo-Croatian sur. A less likely etymology connects it to Latin syrus, or links it with Italian soro.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sur m or n (feminine singular sură, masculine plural suri, feminine and neuter plural sure)

  1. grey
    Synonyms: gri, brumăriu

Declension

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Declension of sur
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite sur sură suri sure
definite surul sura surii surele
genitive/
dative 		indefinite sur sure suri sure
definite surului surei surelor surilor

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Compare surov.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sȗr (Cyrillic spelling су̑р, definite sȗrī)

  1. (expressive, literary) ash-gray
  2. (expressive, literary, figurative) gray, gloomy (of weather)
  3. (expressive, literary, figurative) glum, stern, scowling, sullen (of person's face or mood)

Declension

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indefinite forms
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative sur sura suro
genitive sura sure sura
dative suru suroj suru
accusative inanimate
animate 		sur
sura 		suru suro
vocative sur sura suro
locative suru suroj suru
instrumental surim surom surim
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative suri sure sura
genitive surih surih surih
dative surim(a) surim(a) surim(a)
accusative sure sure sura
vocative suri sure sura
locative surim(a) surim(a) surim(a)
instrumental surim(a) surim(a) surim(a)
definite forms
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative suri sura suro
genitive surog(a) sure surog(a)
dative surom(u/e) suroj surom(u/e)
accusative inanimate
animate 		suri
surog(a) 		suru suro
vocative suri sura suro
locative surom(e/u) suroj surom(e/u)
instrumental surim surom surim
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative suri sure sura
genitive surih surih surih
dative surim(a) surim(a) surim(a)
accusative sure sure sura
vocative suri sure sura
locative surim(a) surim(a) surim(a)
instrumental surim(a) surim(a) surim(a)

References

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  • “sur”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Spanish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French sud, from Old English suþ, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sur m (plural sures)

  1. south
    Antonym: norte

Coordinate terms

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noroeste norte noreste
oeste   este
suroeste sur sureste


Derived terms

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See also

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Further reading

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Sumerian

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Romanization

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sur

  1. Romanization of 𒋩 (sur)

Swedish

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Etymology

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From Old Swedish sūr, from Old Norse súrr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *súHros.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sur (comparative surare, superlative surast)

  1. sour (having the characteristic taste of for example a lemon or vinegar)
  2. sour (rancid)
    sur mjölk
    sour milk
  3. acidic
    sur jord
    acidic soil
  4. angry, annoyed
    Jag blir så jäkla sur när han gör så där
    I get so damn angry when he does that
  5. bad, sour (of a feeling or the like)
    Det känns surt att vi förlorade
    It feels bad that we lost
  6. wet, damp (of something that should be dry)
    sura strumpor
    wet socks

Declension

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Inflection of sur
Indefinite Positive Comparative Superlative2
Common singular sur surare surast
Neuter singular surt surare surast
Plural sura surare surast
Masculine plural3 sure surare surast
Definite Positive Comparative Superlative
Masculine singular1 sure surare suraste
All sura surare suraste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
3) Dated or archaic

Derived terms

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See also

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References

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Anagrams

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Tagalog

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Spanish sur, from French sud, from Middle French sud, from Old French su, sud (“south”), a Germanic borrowing, from Old English sūþ (“south”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sur (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜇ᜔) (uncommon)

  1. south (compass point)
    Synonym: timog
    • 1985, Francisco Soc Rodrigo, Mga tula at tilamsik ng diwa:
      At, sa angkan naman ng ating First Lady, si Kokoy, na siyang governor ng Leyte, Ay embahador pa sa lahat ng parte - Sa este't oeste, sa sur at sa norte!
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Coordinate terms

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hilagang kanluran
norweste 		hilaga
norte 		hilagang silangan
nordeste
oksidente
kanluran
oeste 		  oryente
silangan
este
salatan
timog-kanluran 		sur
timog 		timog-silangan
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Further reading

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Turkish

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Ottoman Turkish سور,[1] from Arabic سُور (sūr).[2]

Noun

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sur (definite accusative suru, plural surlar)

  1. city wall

Etymology 2

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Inherited from Ottoman Turkish صور,[3] from Arabic صُور (ṣūr).[4]

Noun

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sur (definite accusative suru, plural surlar)

  1. horn

References

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  1. ^ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سور”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎[2], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1088
  2. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sur1”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  3. ^ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “صور”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎[3], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1190
  4. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sur2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Welsh

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Etymology

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From Old English sūr (“sour”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sur (feminine singular sur, plural surion, equative sured, comparative surach, superlative suraf, not mutable)

  1. sour, acidic
    Synonyms: egr, chwibl, asidaidd, asidig

Noun

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sur m (uncountable, not mutable)

  1. (obsolete) acid
    Synonym: asid

See also

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Basic tastes in Welsh (layout · text)
           
melys sur / egr hallt chwerw sbeislyd sawrus

Mutation

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Mutated forms of sur
radical soft nasal aspirate
sur unchanged unchanged unchanged

References

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  1. ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “sur”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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