Wiktionary

sem

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sem"

Translingual

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Symbol

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sem

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for Semitic languages.

English

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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sem (plural sems)

  1. Clipping of seminary.
  2. Clipping of semester.
  3. Clipping of semicolon.

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Bahnar

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bahnaric *ceː₂m, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *cim ~ *ciim ~ *ciəm ~ *caim ~ *cum (“bird”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sem 

  1. bird

Catalan

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Alternative forms

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Verb

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sem

  1. (Northern, Alghero) first-person plural present indicative of ésser
  2. (Northern, Alghero) first-person plural present indicative of ser

Chinese

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Etymology

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From clipping of English semester.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sem

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang) semester (Classifier: 個／个 c)
    終於完sem喇。／终于完sem喇。 [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  zung1 jyu1 jyun4 sem6 laa3. [Jyutping]  ―  The semester has finally ended.

Derived terms

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References

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Czech

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Czech sěmo, from Proto-Slavic *sěmo.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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sem

  1. hither (to here)

Eskayan

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Numeral

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sem

  1. nine

Hungarian

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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sem (clitic)

  1. …, neither (or not…, either)
    Julit sem láttam. ― I didn’t see Juli, either. [aside from not having seen another person]
    Én sem láttam Julit. ― I didn’t see Juli, either. [aside from other people who haven't seen her]
  2. not even
    Meg sem próbálta. ― S/he didn’t even try it.

Conjunction

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sem (paired)

  1. neither… nor…
    Sem te, sem ő nem jöhettek velem. ― Neither you nor s/he can come with me.

Usage notes

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The word sem and nincs, nincsen (“it/there isn't”) are contracted into the forms sincs, sincsen (“it/there isn't, either”).

Derived terms

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Compound words
Expressions

See also

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Further reading

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  • sem in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Icelandic

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Etymology

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From Old Norse sem (“as, like”), possibly from Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same, alike”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /sɛːm/
  • Rhymes: -ɛːm
  • (before words beginning with a consonant) IPA(key): /sɛm/

Conjunction

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sem

  1. (with a noun phrase) as, like
    Hann var sem guð meðal manna.
    He was like a god amongst men.
    Hár hennar var hvítt sem snjór.
    Her hair was white as snow.
    Hann er sem nýr.
    He is as [good as] new.
    Vista sem…
    Save as…
  2. (with a clause) like, as if
    Svo virðist sem sjúkdómurinn sé arfgengur
    Is seems as though the disease is hereditary.
  3. (relative, with a clause) who, which, that
    Þetta er maðurinn sem ég hitti í gær.
    That’s the man that I met yesterday.
    Þetta er konan sem barði mig.
    That’s the woman who hit me.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Verb

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sem (weak)

  1. first-person singular present indicative of semja
  2. second-person singular imperative of semja

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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sem

  1. Alternative form of seem (“seam”)

Etymology 2

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Noun

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sem

  1. Alternative form of seem (“load”)

Old Norse

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Etymology 1

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Possibly from Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same, alike”).

Alternative forms

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Conjunction

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sem

  1. as, the same, like
Descendants
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  • Icelandic: sem
  • Faroese: sum (from East Nordic)
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: (dialectal) sem, se
  • Old Swedish: sum, som
  • Danish: som
    • Norwegian Bokmål: som

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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sem

  1. inflection of semja:
    1. first-person singular active present indicative
    2. second-person singular active imperative

References

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  • “sem”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Tupi

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡sẽp, from Proto-Tupian *tẽp.[1]

Cognate with Guaraní sẽ, Sateré-Mawé wẽẽ-tẽp.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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sem (first-person singular active indicative asem, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asemi, first-person singular gerund gûisema, noun sema) (intransitive)

  1. to exit; to leave; to get out
    Asem 'y suí.
    I got out of the water.
  2. to move (to change residence)
    Synonym: îakasó
  3. (of a celestial body) to rise

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of sem (intransitive, S-starting, consonant ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)
Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
Causative mosem
Causative-comitative erosem
Deverbals
-ba'e osemyba'e
-sab(a) sembaba
-sar(a) sembara
Singular Singular & Plural Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person exclusive 1st person inclusive 2nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative asem eresem osem orosem îasem pesem
Permissive t'asem t'eresem t'osem t'orosem t'îasem ta pesem
Imperative esem pesem
Negative indicative n'asemi n'eresemi n'osemi n'orosemi n'îasemi na pesemi
Negative permissive t'asem umẽ t'eresem umẽ t'osem umẽ t'orosem umẽ t'îasem umẽ ta pesem umẽ
Negative imperative esem umẽ pesem umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative gûixema esema osema orosema îasema pesema
Negative gûixeme'yma eseme'yma oseme'yma oroseme'yma îaseme'yma peseme'yma
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative sema
Negative seme'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative xe semi i xemi oré semi îandé semi
Negative xe seme'ymi i xeme'ymi oré seme'ymi îandé seme'ymi

Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Andrey Nikulin (2020) Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB, page 568

Further reading

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Portuguese

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Etymology

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    From Old Galician-Portuguese sen, from Latin sine, from Proto-Indo-European *sene.

    Pronunciation

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    Preposition

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    sem

    2. -less; without (not having, containing, characteristic of, etc.)
      Antonym: com
      um livro sem capa ― a book without a cover
      casa sem janelas ― windowless house
    4. (followed by infinitive) without (not doing or not having done something)
      Ele gosta de comer tudo sem dividir.
      He likes to eat everything without sharing.
      Ele atirou sem avisar ninguém.
      He shot without warning anyone.

    Quotations

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    For quotations using this term, see Citations:sem.

    Synonyms

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    Antonyms

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    • (antonym(s) of “not doing or having done something”): use gerund (-ando, -endo, -indo)

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • → Ambonese Malay: seng
    • Macanese: sim

    Romani

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    Verb

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    sem

    1. first-person singular present indicative of si

    Serbo-Croatian

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    Etymology 1

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    This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

    Pronunciation

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    Preposition

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    sem (Cyrillic spelling сем)

    1. except, apart from, besides

    Etymology 2

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    From Ancient Greek σῆμα (sêma).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    sȇm m (Cyrillic spelling се̑м)

    1. (semantics) the smallest unit of meaning

    Further reading

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    Slovene

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Slavic *sěmo.

    Adverb

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    sem

    1. hither, over here (to here)

    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-Slavic *esmь.

    Verb

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    sə̏m

    1. first-person singular present of bíti

    Further reading

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    • “sem”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024

    Tok Pisin

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    Etymology

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    From English same.

    Adjective

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    sem

    1. same

    Zou

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    Noun

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    sem

    1. hair

    References

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