Wiktionary

sam

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sam"

Translingual

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Symbol

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sam

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Samaritan Aramaic.

See also

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English

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Etymology 1

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Acronym.

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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sam

  1. Alternative form of SAM (“surface-to-air missile”)

Etymology 2

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From Middle English sammen, samnen, from Old English samnian, ġesamnian (“to collect, assemble, bring together, gather, join, unite, compose, meet, glean”), from Proto-West Germanic *samnōn, from Proto-Germanic *samnōną (“to gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one”). Cognate with Dutch zamelen (“to collect”), German sammeln (“to collect, gather”), Swedish samla (“to gather, collect”), Icelandic samna (“to gather, collect”). More at same.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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sam (third-person singular simple present sams, present participle samming, simple past and past participle sammed)

  1. (transitive, UK dialectal) To assemble.
  2. (transitive, UK dialectal, of persons) To bring together; join (in marriage, friendship, love, etc.).
  3. (transitive, UK dialectal, of things) To bring together; collect; put in order; arrange.
  4. (intransitive, UK dialectal) To assemble; come together.
  5. (transitive, UK dialectal) To coagulate; curdle (milk).
Usage notes
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Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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From Middle English sām (“together”), from Old English samen (“together”), from Proto-West Germanic *saman, from Proto-Germanic *samanai (“together”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”).

Adverb

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sam (not comparable)

  1. (obsolete) Together

Etymology 4

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From Middle English sam- (prefix), from Old English sam-, from Proto-Germanic *sēmi- (“half”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēmi- (“half”). Related to semi- (via Latin).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sam (not comparable)

  1. (dialectal) Half or imperfectly done.
  2. (of food) Half-heated.
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Etymology 5

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Possibly from Uncle Sam.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sam (plural sams)

  1. (slang) Federal narcotics agent.

Anagrams

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Atong (India)

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Bodo-Garo *sam¹ (“grass”). Related to Garo samsi, Garo sam.

Noun

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sam (Bengali script সাম)

  1. grass; weed
  2. medicine
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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sam- (Bengali script সাম)

  1. to wait

Etymology 3

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Classifier

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sam- (Bengali script সাম)

  1. used with any bilateral body part, hands, eyes, etc. and also tires

References

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Charrua

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Numeral

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sam

  1. two

References

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  • El último charrúa: de Salsipuedes a la actualidad (1996)
  • Idioma español y habla criolla: Charrúas y vilelas (1968)
  • Čestmír Loukotka, ‎Johannes Wilbert (editor), Classification of South American Indian Languages (1968, Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California), page(s) 62

Chuukese

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Noun

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sam

  1. father

Garo

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Bodo-Garo *sam¹ (“grass”). Related to Atong (India) sam.

Noun

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sam

  1. grass; herb
  2. medicine
  3. curry

Etymology 2

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Classifier

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sam

  1. used with any bilateral body part, hands, eyes, etc.

Further reading

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  • Burling, R. (2003) The Language of the Modhupur Mandi (Garo) Vol. II: The Lexicon‎[2], Bangladesh: University of Michigan, page 275

Hokkien

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For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see 三 (“three; the other woman; the other man; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 三).
For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see 衫 (“unlined garment; shirt; top; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 衫).
For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see 舢.
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 舢).
For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see 參 (“Three Stars mansion; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 參).

Lhao Vo

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Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-sum (“three”). Cognate with Lashi soem" and Burmese သုံး (sum:, “three”).

Numeral

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sam

  1. three

References

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  • Dr. Ola Hanson, A Dictionary of the Kachin Language (1906).

Macanese

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Verb

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sam

  1. Alternative form of sâm

Maltese

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Root
s-w-m
3 terms

Etymology

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From Arabic صامَ (ṣāma).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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sam (imperfect jsum, active participle sajjem, verbal noun sawm)

  1. to fast

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of sam
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
perfect m somt somt sam somna somtu samu
f samet
imperfect m nsum ssum jsum nsumu ssumu jsumu
f ssum
imperative sum sumu

Mizo

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Kuki-Chin *sham, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)sam.

Noun

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sam

  1. hair (of the head)
  2. antenna (of insects)

Etymology 2

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Adjective

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sam

  1. easy, simple

Nga La

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Etymology

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From Proto-Kuki-Chin *sham, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)sam.

Noun

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sam

  1. hair (of the head)

References

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  • Matu (Chin) Dictionary by Ropna Saruum, Matupi 2007

Old Irish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Celtic *samos (“summer”) (compare Welsh haf), from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ó- (compare Old English sumor, Old Armenian ամառն (amaṙn)).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sam m (genitive unattested, no plural)

  1. summer

Inflection

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Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative sam — —
Vocative saim — —
Accusative samN — —
Genitive saimL — —
Dative samL — —
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Synonyms

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Mutation

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Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
sam ṡam unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

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Old Norse

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Verb

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sam

  1. second-person singular imperative of sama

Old Polish

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /saːm/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /sɒm/

Pronoun

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sam

  1. alone, by oneself, without company
  2. myself, yourself, himself, etc. (emphatic determiner, used similarly to "no other than" or "the very", as in "I myself")
  3. The meaning of this term is uncertain.
Descendants
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  • Polish: sam
  • Silesian: sōm

Etymology 2

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sěmo. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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sam

  1. here; hither
Descendants
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References

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  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “1. sam”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “2. sam”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Phalura

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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sam (Perso-Arabic spelling سم)

  1. equally

References

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  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “sam”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[3], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Polish

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -am
  • Syllabification: sam

Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Polish sam.

Adjective

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sam (not generally comparable, comparative bardziej sam, superlative najbardziej sam, no derived adverb)

  1. alone (oneself without company)
  2. alone (oneself without help)

Adverb

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sam (not generally comparable, comparative bardziej sam, superlative najbardziej sam)

  1. alone, by oneself, without company
    Synonyms: osobno, samodzielnie
  2. (Middle Polish) here (at this place)
    Alternative forms: (dialectal) sa, (dialectal) samoj
    Synonyms: tu, tutaj

Particle

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sam

  1. emphatic determiner, used similarly to "no other than" or "the very", as in "I myself"; oneself
    Przygotowując intrygę przeciwko szefowi, pani Magdalena kazała swojej córce ubrać się skromnie, a sama założyła sukienkę z głębokim dekoltem.
    Preparing the intrigue against the boss, Ms. Magdalena told her daughter to dress modestly, while she herself put on a dress with a deep neckline.
    Poszedł do samego końca.
    He went to the very end.
  2. by oneself, alone (by one's own volition or power, without outside help or encouragement)
Declension
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Declension of sam (irregular)
singular plural
masculine animate masculine inanimate feminine neuter virile (= masculine personal) non-virile
nominative sam sama samo sami same
genitive samego samej samego samych
dative samemu samej samemu samym
accusative samego sam samą samo samych same
instrumental samym samą samym samymi
locative samym samej samym samych
Derived terms
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adjectives
adverb
particle
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adjectives
adverb
nouns
verbs

Etymology 2

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Clipping of sklep samoobsługowy.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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sam m inan

  1. (colloquial) self-service shop
    Synonym: sklep samoobsługowy
Declension
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Declension of sam
singular plural
nominative sam samy
genitive samu samów
dative samowi samom
accusative sam samy
instrumental samem samami
locative samie samach
vocative samie samy

Trivia

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According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), sam is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 159 times in scientific texts, 70 times in news, 120 times in essays, 231 times in fiction, and 302 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 882 times, making it the 48th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

References

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  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “sam”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 518

Further reading

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Rohingya

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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sam (Hanifi spelling 𐴏𐴝𐴔)

  1. skin
    Synonym: samra

Romani

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Verb

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sam

  1. first-person plural present indicative of si

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós.

Adjective

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sȃm (Cyrillic spelling са̑м, definite sȃmī)

  1. alone, sole
  2. unaided, single-handed
  3. absolute, very, mere, unmixed
  4. solitary, secluded
Declension
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indefinite forms
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative sam sama samo
genitive sama same sama
dative samu samoj samu
accusative inanimate
animate 		sam
sama 		samu samo
vocative sam sama samo
locative samu samoj samu
instrumental samim samom samim
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative sami same sama
genitive samih samih samih
dative samim(a) samim(a) samim(a)
accusative same same sama
vocative sami same sama
locative samim(a) samim(a) samim(a)
instrumental samim(a) samim(a) samim(a)
definite forms
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative sami sama samo
genitive samog(a) same samog(a)
dative samom(u/e) samoj samom(u/e)
accusative inanimate
animate 		sami
samog(a) 		samu samo
vocative sami sama samo
locative samom(e/u) samoj samom(e/u)
instrumental samim samom samim
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative sami same sama
genitive samih samih samih
dative samim(a) samim(a) samim(a)
accusative same same sama
vocative sami same sama
locative samim(a) samim(a) samim(a)
instrumental samim(a) samim(a) samim(a)
Alternative forms
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  • sȃm

Etymology 2

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)esmь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *esmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi.

Verb

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sȁm (Cyrillic spelling са̏м)

  1. first-person singular present tense enclitic form of biti.
    Tu sam. — I'm here.

Silesian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Polish sam.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsam/
  • Rhymes: -am
  • Syllabification: sam

Pronoun

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sam

  1. here
    Synonym: tukej
  2. hither

Further reading

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  • sam in silling.org

Slovene

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *samъ, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sȃm (not comparable)

  1. alone, sole
  2. unaided, single-handed, by oneself

Inflection

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 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Hard
masculine feminine neuter
nom. sing. sám sáma sámo
singular
masculine feminine neuter
nominative sám ind
sámi def 		sáma sámo
genitive sámega sáme sámega
dative sámemu sámi sámemu
accusative nominativeinan or
genitiveanim 		sámo sámo
locative sámem sámi sámem
instrumental sámim sámo sámim
dual
masculine feminine neuter
nominative sáma sámi sámi
genitive sámih sámih sámih
dative sámima sámima sámima
accusative sáma sámi sámi
locative sámih sámih sámih
instrumental sámima sámima sámima
plural
masculine feminine neuter
nominative sámi sáme sáma
genitive sámih sámih sámih
dative sámim sámim sámim
accusative sáme sáme sáma
locative sámih sámih sámih
instrumental sámimi sámimi sámimi

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “sam”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • “sam”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references

Swedish

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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sam

  1. past indicative of simma

Anagrams

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Vietnamese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Highly unlikely due to irregular sound change. Possibly from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam (“crab”) (Norman & Mei, 1976; mistakenly glossed as "king crab"). However, Shorto (2006) includes no such derivation. Compare Vietnamese đam (“field crab”) and Lingao sam¹ (“horseshoe crab”).

Noun

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(classifier con) sam • (杉, 衫, 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫)

  1. a horseshoe crab
    đuôi sam ― a horseshoe crab's tail; a braid/plait
See also
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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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Noun

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(classifier cây) sam • (蔘)

  1. common purslane (Portulaca oleracea)
    Synonym: rau sam

Ye'kwana

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Ideophone

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sam

  1. zooming
  2. (of food) stinging, biting

References

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  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “samm”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎[4], Lyon, page 166

Zhuang

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Zhuang cardinal numbers
 <  2 3 4  > 
    Cardinal : sam

Etymology

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From Proto-Tai *saːm (“three”), from Middle Chinese 三 (MC sam, “three”). Cognate with Thai สาม (sǎam), Northern Thai ᩈᩣ᩠ᨾ, Lao ສາມ (sām), Lü ᦉᦱᧄ (ṡaam), Tai Dam ꪎꪱꪣ, Shan သၢမ် (sǎam), Tai Nüa ᥔᥣᥛᥴ (sáam), Ahom 𑜏𑜪 (saṃ), Bouyei saaml.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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sam (1957–1982 spelling sam)

  1. three
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