From Proto-Finnic *-ttu, from *-tta- (passive infix) + an uncertain suffix, probably either *-u or *-ut (compare *-nut).
- IPA(key): /-tːu(ˣ)/, [-t̪ːu(ʔ)]
-ttu (front vowel harmony variant -tty, linguistic notation -ttU)
- Forms the past passive participle of a verb, which is normally used like an adjective. The English equivalent is normally -ed.
- katsoa (“to see, look, watch”) + -ttu → katsottu (“(that has been) seen, watched”)
- Some inflected forms have specific uses:
- genitive singular: used with verbs of reporting or observing to refer to the action having been done by someone (passively) according to that report or observation.
- Artikkelia sanotaan luetun paljon Suomen kouluissa. ― It is said that this article has been read a lot in Finnish schools.
- partitive singular:
- used (chiefly) with a possessive suffix for "having done", "after X had done"
- Syötyäni päätin ottaa nokoset. ― Having eaten, I decided to take a nap.
- used with saada to express finishing something, often in the sense of an achievement
- Sain sen syötyä. ― I managed to eat it.
- used with tulla without a possessive suffix to disparagingly talk about something someone has done
- Mitä tuli sanottua? ― What did you (just) say (to me)?
| Inflection of -ttu (Kotus type 1*C/valo, tt-t gradation)
|
| nominative
|
-ttu
|
-tut
|
| genitive
|
-tun
|
-ttujen
|
| partitive
|
-ttua
|
-ttuja
|
| illative
|
-ttuun
|
-ttuihin
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
-ttu
|
-tut
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
-ttu
|
-tut
|
| gen.
|
-tun
|
| genitive
|
-tun
|
-ttujen
|
| partitive
|
-ttua
|
-ttuja
|
| inessive
|
-tussa
|
-tuissa
|
| elative
|
-tusta
|
-tuista
|
| illative
|
-ttuun
|
-ttuihin
|
| adessive
|
-tulla
|
-tuilla
|
| ablative
|
-tulta
|
-tuilta
|
| allative
|
-tulle
|
-tuille
|
| essive
|
-ttuna
|
-ttuina
|
| translative
|
-tuksi
|
-tuiksi
|
| abessive
|
-tutta
|
-tuitta
|
| instructive
|
—
|
-tuin
|
| comitative
|
— |
-ttuine
|
| Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
|
| first-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
-ttuni
|
-ttuni
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
-ttuni
|
-ttuni
|
| gen.
|
-ttuni
|
| genitive
|
-ttuni
|
-ttujeni
|
| partitive
|
-ttuani
|
-ttujani
|
| inessive
|
-tussani
|
-tuissani
|
| elative
|
-tustani
|
-tuistani
|
| illative
|
-ttuuni
|
-ttuihini
|
| adessive
|
-tullani
|
-tuillani
|
| ablative
|
-tultani
|
-tuiltani
|
| allative
|
-tulleni
|
-tuilleni
|
| essive
|
-ttunani
|
-ttuinani
|
| translative
|
-tukseni
|
-tuikseni
|
| abessive
|
-tuttani
|
-tuittani
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
-ttuineni
|
| second-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
-ttusi
|
-ttusi
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
-ttusi
|
-ttusi
|
| gen.
|
-ttusi
|
| genitive
|
-ttusi
|
-ttujesi
|
| partitive
|
-ttuasi
|
-ttujasi
|
| inessive
|
-tussasi
|
-tuissasi
|
| elative
|
-tustasi
|
-tuistasi
|
| illative
|
-ttuusi
|
-ttuihisi
|
| adessive
|
-tullasi
|
-tuillasi
|
| ablative
|
-tultasi
|
-tuiltasi
|
| allative
|
-tullesi
|
-tuillesi
|
| essive
|
-ttunasi
|
-ttuinasi
|
| translative
|
-tuksesi
|
-tuiksesi
|
| abessive
|
-tuttasi
|
-tuittasi
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
-ttuinesi
|
| first-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
-ttumme
|
-ttumme
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
-ttumme
|
-ttumme
|
| gen.
|
-ttumme
|
| genitive
|
-ttumme
|
-ttujemme
|
| partitive
|
-ttuamme
|
-ttujamme
|
| inessive
|
-tussamme
|
-tuissamme
|
| elative
|
-tustamme
|
-tuistamme
|
| illative
|
-ttuumme
|
-ttuihimme
|
| adessive
|
-tullamme
|
-tuillamme
|
| ablative
|
-tultamme
|
-tuiltamme
|
| allative
|
-tullemme
|
-tuillemme
|
| essive
|
-ttunamme
|
-ttuinamme
|
| translative
|
-tuksemme
|
-tuiksemme
|
| abessive
|
-tuttamme
|
-tuittamme
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
-ttuinemme
|
| second-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
-ttunne
|
-ttunne
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
-ttunne
|
-ttunne
|
| gen.
|
-ttunne
|
| genitive
|
-ttunne
|
-ttujenne
|
| partitive
|
-ttuanne
|
-ttujanne
|
| inessive
|
-tussanne
|
-tuissanne
|
| elative
|
-tustanne
|
-tuistanne
|
| illative
|
-ttuunne
|
-ttuihinne
|
| adessive
|
-tullanne
|
-tuillanne
|
| ablative
|
-tultanne
|
-tuiltanne
|
| allative
|
-tullenne
|
-tuillenne
|
| essive
|
-ttunanne
|
-ttuinanne
|
| translative
|
-tuksenne
|
-tuiksenne
|
| abessive
|
-tuttanne
|
-tuittanne
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
-ttuinenne
|
| third-person possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
-ttunsa
|
-ttunsa
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
-ttunsa
|
-ttunsa
|
| gen.
|
-ttunsa
|
| genitive
|
-ttunsa
|
-ttujensa
|
| partitive
|
-ttuaan
-ttuansa
|
-ttujaan
-ttujansa
|
| inessive
|
-tussaan
-tussansa
|
-tuissaan
-tuissansa
|
| elative
|
-tustaan
-tustansa
|
-tuistaan
-tuistansa
|
| illative
|
-ttuunsa
|
-ttuihinsa
|
| adessive
|
-tullaan
-tullansa
|
-tuillaan
-tuillansa
|
| ablative
|
-tultaan
-tultansa
|
-tuiltaan
-tuiltansa
|
| allative
|
-tulleen
-tullensa
|
-tuilleen
-tuillensa
|
| essive
|
-ttunaan
-ttunansa
|
-ttuinaan
-ttuinansa
|
| translative
|
-tukseen
-tuksensa
|
-tuikseen
-tuiksensa
|
| abessive
|
-tuttaan
-tuttansa
|
-tuittaan
-tuittansa
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
-ttuineen
-ttuinensa
|
|