Wiktionary

-é

See also: é, -e, -è, and Appendix:Variations of "e"

Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-é (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ena, masculine plural -ens, feminine plural -enes)

  1. (Valencia) Alternative spelling of -è

French

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Middle French -é, from Old French -é, -et, -at, from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos. Compare the borrowed doublet -at.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-é (feminine -ée, masculine plural -és, feminine plural -ées)

  1. (grammar) past participle root verb suffix of regular -er verbs, an inflected infinitive verb; -ed, -en, -n
Derived terms
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French terms suffixed with -é

Etymology 2

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Euphonic alteration of -e in presubject position.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-é

  1. inflection of -er:
    1. presubject first-person singular present indicative
    2. presubject first-person singular present subjunctive
    pensé-je

Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From a split of the obsolete lative suffix (below), with a semantic shift presumably evolving like “towards him/her” > “to him/her” > “of his/hers”.[1]

Suffix

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-é

  2. (non-attributive possessive suffix) -'s, belonging to ……, that of ……. Used to form the non-attributive possessive[2] form of nouns. Compare the English pronouns mine, yours etc.). The plural form is -éi.
    iskola (“school”) ― iskoláé (“belonging to the school, of the school, the school's”)
    Ez a szék az iskoláé. (predicatively) ― This chair belongs to the school / is the school’s.
    ház (“house”) ― házé (“that of the house”)
    A fa árnyéka nagy, a házé még nagyobb. (as part of the subject) ― The shadow of the tree is big; that of the house is even bigger.
  3. (non-attributive possessive suffix, slightly colloquial) -'s, those of ……. It is also used informally for the plural of the non-attributive possessive (-éi being somewhat pedantic).
    Ezek a poharak a Pistáé. ― These glasses belong to Steve / are Steve’s.
    • 2021, Zsuzsa Mátraházi, Nádasdy Ádám: Még Arany János is követett el hibát műfordításban (interview with Ádám Nádasdy), HVG weekly:[1]
      Azt vetették a szememre, hogy a fordításaim értelmesek, szépek és jól követhetők, de kevésbé költőiek, mint az elődeimé, például Arany Jánosé, Babits Mihályé, Mészöly Dezsőé.
      I was rebuked for my translations being lucid, beautiful, and easy to follow, but less poetic than those of my predecessors, such as János Arany, Mihály Babits, and Dezső Mészöly (Q303494).

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Etymology 2

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From Proto-Uralic *-j, which served as part of a diphthong (together with the vowel at the end of the noun stem) and became -á/-é.[3]

Suffix

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-é

  1. (obsolete, case suffix) Used to form the lative, expressing the direction (“where to”) or the purpose (“what for”).
    Synonyms: (other obsolete suffixes that had a similar function) -k, -ni, -nyi
    • 1192–1195, Funeral Sermon and Prayer, translated by Alan Jenkins (In Quest of the Miracle Stag: The Poetry of Hungary, Vol. 1, →ISBN, p. 30)
      Menýi miloſtben terumteve eleve mív iſemucut adamut. eſ odutta vola neki paradiſumut haʒóá.
      Mennyi malasztban (= kegyelemben) teremté (= teremtette) kezdetben [az Úr] [a] mi ősünket, Ádámot, és adta (vala) neki [a] paradicsomot házzá. (in present-day Hungarian)
      God in his divine grace made Adam our ancestor, and gave him Eden for his dwelling place.
Usage notes
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  • (case suffix) Variants:
    -á was added to back-vowel words.
    -é was added to front-vowel words.
Derived terms
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together with its front-vowel variant

Etymology 3

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Particle

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-é (clitic)

  1. (dialectal, chiefly Transylvania) Alternative form of -e (“whether, if”) Tag for yes/no questions, always written with a hyphen before.
    Nem tudom, hogy sikerül-é. ― I don't know if it will be successful.

Etymology 4

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Suffix

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-é

  1. (archaic personal suffix) Formed the third-person singular indicative past definite, for front-vowel verbs. For the full paradigm, see the usage template.
    Synonym: (modern form) -te
    Coordinate term: (for back-vowel-verbs) -á
    A virágokat nézé. ― S/he looked at the flowers.

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Etymology 5

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See -e.

Alternative forms

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  • -i (dialectal, except in some set forms)

Suffix

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-é

  2. Combining form of -e (possessive suffix) before most case suffixes, except that of the essive-formal.
    ‎feje (“his/her/its head”) + ‎-n → ‎fején (“on his/her/its head”)
Usage notes
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For its variants occurring in standard usage, see -i (alternative form of -e and -é as the third-person singular single-possession possessive suffix).

References

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  1. ^ -é in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)
  2. ^ Rounds, Carol. Hungarian: an Essential Grammar. London / New York: Routledge. 2001. →ISBN. Preview at Google Books The relevant page in the second edition (2009) →ISBN
  3. ^ -é in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

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  • (whether, if): -é , redirecting to -e in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (whether, if): -é, redirecting to -e in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Italian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈe/
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: -é

Suffix

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-é (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix)

  1. used with a stem to form the third-person past historic of regular -ere verbs
    Synonym: -ette
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Suffix

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-é

  1. (nominalizer) the one that, the one who

Usage notes

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Similar to the -er suffix in English, the -é suffix attached to a verb means "the one who does [verb]". It is a variant of -í.

Synonyms

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Old French

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Alternative forms

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  • -e (manuscript form)
  • -et (12th century or earlier)

Etymology

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Inherited from Latin -ātus. First attested in 842, as -at (jurat in the Oaths of Strasbourg) > (first attested in c. 1050) -et in the Song of Roland; the form -é first appears in the 12th century.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-é

  1. used to form past participles of regular -er verbs

Descendants

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  • Middle French: -é

Spanish

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Etymology

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From Vulgar Latin -āī, from Latin -āvī.

Suffix

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-é

  1. a suffix indicating the first-person singular indicative preterite of a verb in -ar
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