鰯

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

鰯 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+10, 21 strokes, cangjie input 弓火弓一一 (NFNMM), composition ⿰魚弱)

sardine

References

Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1476, character 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46413
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4708, character 9
Unihan data for U+9C2F

Chinese

trad.		鰯
simp.		𱈍

Glyph origin

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鰯 (iwashi, “sardine”). A Japanese kokuji coined phono-semanically (弱し yowashi) in the Nara period.

Etymology

Spelling pronunciation, as 弱 (ruò)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ruò (ruo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): joek⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ruò
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ruò
  - Wade–Giles: jo⁴
  - Yale: rwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruoh
  - Palladius: жо (žo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: joek⁶
  - Yale: yeuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: joek⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yêg⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːk̚²/

Definitions

鰯

pilchard (esp. Japanese pilchard, Sardinops melanostictus), sardine.

References

(Cantonese) Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 3), page 247

Japanese

Glyph origin

A 国字 (kokuji, “Japanese-coined character”).

Kanji

鰯

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

sardine

Readings

Kun: いわし (iwashi, 鰯)

Alternative forms

鰮, 鰛

Etymology

鰯 (iwashi): a plichard

イワシ on Japanese Wikipedia

Kanji in this term
鰯
いわし Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
鰮鰛

From Old Japanese.^[1] Attested in a mokkan dated around 756.^[1]

Seemingly connected to 弱し (yowashi, “weak”, modern 弱い (yowai)), from the way that the fish quickly dies.^[1] However, the pitch accents mismatch; the Heian period accent for iwashi is <HHH>,^[1] contradicting to the accent of yowashi, which has <LLF> in the Heian period.^[2]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いわし [ìwáshí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[3]^[4]^[5]
IPA^(key): [iβ̞a̠ɕi]

Noun

鰯(いわし) or 鰯(イワシ) • (iwashi)

[from 756] a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard) (Sardinops melanostictus)
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 8:
  鰯楊氏漢語抄云鰯〈伊和之今案本文未詳〉
  Pilchard: [Part of the] Willow Family. 鰯 is [also] in the Kangoshō. ([read] iwasi; currently, records of its origin are unknown)
[unknown] Japanese sardine
[from 1747] an uncut sword
[from c. 1310] on the night of the Setsubun, a pilchard is placed at the entrance along with a 柊 (hīragi, “Osmanthus heterophyllus”) to ward off evil spirits
[from 1892] (slang, used by criminals) a prison guard

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イワシ.

Derived terms

鰯(イワシ)鯨(クジラ) (iwashikujira)
鰯(いわし)雲(ぐも) (iwashigumo)

Descendants

Russian: иваси́ f (ivasí)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 “いわし【鰯・鰮】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
^ “よわ・い【弱】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典‎^[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

鰯 • (yak) (hangeul 약, revised yak, McCune–Reischauer yak, Yale yak)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Northern Amami Ōshima

Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Japanese 鰯 (iwashi).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ʔiwaɕi]

Noun

鰯(イワシ) (iwasi)

a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard) (Sardinops melanostictus)

References

Osada, Suma, Suyama, Nahoko (1977) 奄美方言分類辞典上巻, Tokyo: Kasama Shoin, page 857
Osada, Suma, Suyama, Nahoko, Fujii, Misako (1980) 奄美方言分類辞典下巻, Tokyo: Kasama Shoin, page 655

Old Japanese

Etymology

Seemingly connected to 弱し (yo₁wasi, “weak”), from the way that the fish quickly dies.^[1] However, the pitch accents mismatch; the Heian period accent for iwashi is <HHH>,^[1] contradicting to the accent of yowashi, which has <LLF> in the Heian period.^[2]

Noun

鰯 (iwasi) (kana いわし)

a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard (Sardinops melanostictus))
- Mokkan #2283 from Heijo Palace; text here
  青郷御贄伊和志腊五升
  AWOSATO₁ NO₂ MI₁-NIPE₂ NO₂ iwasi NO₂ KI₁TAPI₁ PA ITU-MASU
  The dried meat of a pilchard offered from Awosato [weighs] five masu.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 “いわし【鰯・鰮】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典‎^[3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
^ “よわ・い【弱】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典‎^[4] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

[KDJ2O-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 “いわし【鰯・鰮】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

[KDJ2Oyowai-2] “よわ・い【弱】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典‎^[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

[DJR-3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK2-4] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō

[NHK-5] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[KDJ2O-6] 1.0 ^1.1 “いわし【鰯・鰮】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典‎^[3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

[KDJ2Oyowai-7] “よわ・い【弱】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典‎^[4] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

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