Wiktionary

幽

See also: 豳, and 凼
幽 U+5E7D, 幽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E7D
← 幼
[U+5E7C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 幾 →
[U+5E7E]

Translingual

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Han character

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幽 (Kangxi radical 52, 幺+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 山女戈戈 (UVII), four-corner 22770, composition ⿻山𢆶)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 342, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9205
  • Dae Jaweon: page 651, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1094, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5E7D

Chinese

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trad. 幽
simp. # 幽
2nd round simp. ⿶凵又

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 幽
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯw) : phonetic 𢆶 () + semantic 山 (originally 火 in oracle bone).

Etymology

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Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Mru [script needed] (iu ~ ʔiu, “dark”) (Löffler, 1966); possibly also related to Tibetan གཡོག (g.yog, “to cover”) and གཡོགས (g.yogs, “lid”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Related to 黝 (yǒu), 窅 (yǎo), 杳 (yǎo), 穾 (yào), 窔 (yào).

Allofam is probably 窈窕 (OC *qiːwʔ l'eːwʔ) (ibid.).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 幽
Mandarin Beijing /iou⁵⁵/
Harbin /iou⁴⁴/
Tianjin /iou²¹/
Jinan /iou²¹³/
Qingdao /iou²¹³/
Zhengzhou /iou²⁴/
Xi'an /iou²¹/
Xining /iɯ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /iəu⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /iou³¹/
Ürümqi /iɤu⁴⁴/
Wuhan /iəu⁵⁵/
Chengdu /iəu⁵⁵/
Guiyang /iəu⁵⁵/
Kunming /iəu⁴⁴/
Nanjing /iəɯ³¹/
Hefei /iɯ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /iəu¹¹/
Pingyao /iəu¹³/
Hohhot /iəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /iɤ⁵³/
Suzhou /iɤ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔiø³³/
Wenzhou /j̠au³³/
Hui Shexian /iu³¹/
Tunxi /iu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /iəu³³/
Xiangtan /iəɯ³³/
Gan Nanchang /iu⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /iu¹¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐu⁵³/
Nanning /jɐu⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /jɐu⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iu⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hieu⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /iu⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hĩu³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /iu²³/
Rime
Character 幽
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 幽 (138)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於虯切
Baxter 'jiw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔiɪu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔɨu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔieu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔjiw/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiĕu/
Wang
Li 		/iəu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔieu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yōu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 幽
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yōu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjiw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ʔ](r)iw/
English dark; secluded

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 幽
Reading # 1/1
No. 14620
Phonetic
component 		幽
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		幽
Old
Chinese 		/*qɯw/
Notes 甲金文從火從二幺會意火微

Definitions

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幽

  1. dim; dark
  2. deep and remote
  3. hidden; concealed
  4. bottled up
  5. quiet; tranquil
  6. to confine; to imprison
  7. netherworld; nether; nether-
  8. a surname

Compounds

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References

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  • “幽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “幽”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 288.

Japanese

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Kanji

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幽

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. dark
  2. netherworld
  3. hidden
  4. confine, imprison

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Korean

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Hanja

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幽 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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幽: Hán Nôm readings: u, ù

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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