'ar

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ar"

Old Tupi

Alternative forms

• 'a (São Vicente)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔaT (“to be born, to fall”), from Proto-Tupian *ꝁaT (“to fall”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʔaɾ/
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Hyphenation: 'ar

Verb

'ar (first-person singular active indicative a'ar, first-person singular negative active indicative n'a'ari, first-person singular gerund gûi'á, noun 'ara) (intransitive)

1. to be born [with suí ‘from someone’]
2. to emerge; to come out
3. to happen
4. to fall
5. to embark
6. to ascertain; to understand [with esé ‘about something’]

Conjugation

    Conjugation of 'ar (intransitive, R-ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Causative	mo'ar
Causative-comitative	ero'ar
Deverbals
-ba'e	o'aryba'e
-sab(a)	'asaba／'araba
-sar(a)	'asara／'arara
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person exclusive	1st person inclusive	2nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative	a'ar	ere'ar	o'ar	oro'ar	îa'ar	pe'ar
Permissive	t'a'ar	t'ere'ar	t'o'ar	t'oro'ar	t'îa'ar	ta pe'ar
Imperative		e'ar				pe'ar
Negative indicative	n'a'ari	n'ere'ari	n'o'ari	n'oro'ari	n'îa'ari	na pe'ari
Negative permissive	t'a'ar umẽ	t'ere'ar umẽ	t'o'ar umẽ	t'oro'ar umẽ	t'îa'ar umẽ	ta pe'ar umẽ
Negative imperative		e'ar umẽ				pe'ar umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative	gûi'á	e'á	o'á	oro'á	îa'á	pe'á
Negative	gûi'are'yma	e'are'yma	o'are'yma	oro'are'yma	îa'are'yma	pe'are'yma
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	'ara
Negative	'are'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	xe 'ari		i 'ari	oré 'ari	îandé 'ari
Negative	xe 'are'ymi		i 'are'ymi	oré 'are'ymi	îandé 'are'ymi

Derived terms

• 'ara

Descendants

• Nheengatu: wari

Further reading

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “'ar”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 57, columns 1–2

Yola

Determiner

'ar

1. Alternative form of aar (“their”)
   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:

     At aar errone was var ameing 'ar 'ngish ee-height.

     That their errand was aiming to bring anguish upon them.

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 86