Gen. Piotr Jaroszewicz (['pʲɔtr jarɔˈʂɛvit͡ʂ] ; 8 October 1909 – 1 September 1992) was a post-World War II Polish political figure. He served as the Prime Minister of Poland between 1970 and 1980.[1] After he was forced out of office, he lived quietly in a suburb of Warsaw until his murder in 1992.
Piotr Jaroszewicz | |
|---|---|
 Piotr Jaroszewicz in 1977 | |
| Prime Minister of Poland | |
| In office 23 December 1970 – 18 February 1980 | |
| Deputy | |
| Chairman | Józef Cyrankiewicz Henryk Jabłoński |
| First Secretary | Edward Gierek |
| Preceded by | Józef Cyrankiewicz |
| Succeeded by | Edward Babiuch |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 8 October 1909 Nieśwież, Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire (present-day Belarus) |
| Died | 1 September 1992 (aged 82) Warsaw, Poland |
| Political party | Polish Workers' Party (until 1948) Polish United Workers' Party |
| Spouse | Alicja Solska |
| Profession | Teacher, Military |
| Signature |  |
Life and career
editJaroszewicz was born on 8 October 1909 in Nieśwież, in the Minsk Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Belarus). After finishing the secondary school in Jasło he started working as a teacher and headmaster in Garwolin. After the outbreak of World War II and the Nazi-Soviet alliance established by the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact he moved to Soviet-occupied zone of Poland. It has been claimed that he was a headmaster in Pinsk gymnasia. However, on 10 July 1940 he was deported to Slobodka, Krasnoborski region, Arkhangelsk, from Stolin together with his first wife Oksana Gregorevna (born in Salov/Calow 1914) and daughter Olila (born 1940). In 1943 he joined the 1st Polish Army of Gen. Zygmunt Berling. The following year he joined the Polish Workers Party and was promoted to deputy political commander of the 1st Army.
After the war he became the deputy minister of defense (1945–1950). Since 1956 he was the Polish ambassador to COMECON. At the same time between 1952 and 1970 he served as a deputy Prime Minister of Poland and briefly (1954–1956) as the minister of mining industry. Jaroszewicz was a member of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party since its creation in 1948 and since 1964 he was also a member of the Political Bureau. From December 1970 until February 1980 he was the Prime Minister of Poland. The economical policies of Jaroszewicz and Edward Gierek led to a wave of protests in 1976 and 1980. In 1980 he gave up all his party posts and was expelled from the party the following year.
Death
editAfter his departure from office and the party, Jaroszewicz and second wife Alicja Solska settled in the Warsaw suburb of Anin. The couple largely kept to themselves and did not socialize much. Jaroszewicz was obsessed with security; he had a 3.3-metre (11-foot) fence topped with barbed wire installed around their villa. When he walked their [Schnauser], neighbours said, he often carried a pistol with him.[2]
Despite these measures, their son Jan Jaroszewicz found the couple murdered when he entered the house on 3 September 1992. Poison gas had been used to incapacitate the dog. Jaroszewicz's body, found in his upstairs study, had the belt that had been used to strangle him secured by an antique ice axe from his collection. The attackers had also beaten him, yet had bandaged the wounds.[2]
Solska's body was next to her husband's. Her hands had been tied behind her back, and she had been shot in the head at close range with one of the couple's hunting rifles.[2] Investigators believe that she had earlier managed to injure one of the killers during a struggle, since blood from her and an unknown individual were found in another room in the house.[3]
The killers appeared to have searched every room in the house. It was initially reported that they only took what were presumed to have been documents from one safe and left behind valuable old coins and art, suggesting the thieves were not motivated by financial gain.[2] However police records show the thieves actually stole two guns, 5,000 German marks, five gold coins and a ladies' watch.[4]
Friends and family said that Jaroszewicz had been even more paranoid than usual in the days before the murders,[3] which were determined to have occurred on 1 September, two days before the bodies were discovered. The killings received significant media attention in Poland, due both to Jaroszewicz's past leadership and the brutality of the crime. While initial theories suspected that the murders were politically motivated, in 2017 Warsaw police revealed the burglary had been committed by the 'Karate Gang' of Radom, a group of violent criminals active through the 1990s. They had broken into Jaroszewicz's home expecting to find significant sums of money and tortured him in an effort to find it. When Jaroszewicz broke free the gang murdered both him and his wife, then hurriedly left.[4] Several Karate Gang members went on trial for this and other crimes in 2021. They denied any political motivation for the burglary.
Promotions
editChorąży (Standard-bearer) - 1 February 1944
Porucznik (First lieutenant) - 1 May 1944
Kapitan (Captain) - 27 July 1944
Major (Major) - 1 October 1944
Podpułkownik (Lieutenant colonel) - 3 November 1944
Pułkownik (Colonel) - 18 April 1945
Generał brygady (Brigadier general) - 15 December 1945
Generał dywizji (Major general) - 11 November 1950
Awards and decoration
edit- Polsih:
Order of the Builders of People's Poland (18 July 1969)[5]
Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1979, deprived of in July 1981)[6]
Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 1st Class (8 October 1979)[7]
Order of the Banner of Labour, 1st Class (1964)[8]
Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 2nd Class (12 July 1945)[9]
Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (19 July 1946)[10]
Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 3rd Class (5 June 1945)[11]
Silver Cross of Virtuti Militari (1945)
Medal of the 30th Anniversary of People's Poland (1974)[12]
Medal for Warsaw 1939–1945 (17 January 1946)[13]
Medal for Oder, Neisse and Baltic
Medal of Victory and Freedom 1945
Medal of the 10th Anniversary of People's Poland (30 December 1954)[14]
Medal for Participation in the Battle of Berlin (1966)
Golden Medal of Merit for National Defence
Silver Medal of Merit for National Defence
Bronze Medal of Merit for National Defence
Badge of the 1000th Anniversary of the Polish State
Golden Badge of the Association of Volunteer Fire Departments (1966)[15]
- Soviet:
Order of the October Revolution (1974)
Order of Friendship of Peoples (1979)
Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
Jubilee Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (1972)
Jubilee Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (1975)[16]
Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (1969)[17]
- From other countries:
Military Order of the White Lion, 1st Class (Czechoslovakia, 1949)[18]
Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland (Finland, 1974)[19]
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour (France, 1975)[20]
Knight Grand Cordon of Order of the Crown (Iran, 1974)[21]
Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry (Portugal, 1976)[22]
Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold (Belgium, 1977)[23]
Grand Cross of the Order of May (Argentina, 1974)[24]
Order of José Martí (Cuba, 1979)[25]
Order of Georgi Dimitrov (Bulgaria)[26]
Order of the Balkan Mountains, 1st Class (Bulgaria, 1979)[27]
Medal of 90th Anniversary of the Birth of Georgi Dimitrov (Bulgaria, 1972)[28]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Eastern, Northern & Central Europe. Annex: International Organisations. Walter de Gruyter. 2006. p. 820. ISBN 978-3-11-093910-1.
- ^ a b c d Engelberg, Stephen (14 November 1992). "Warsaw Journal; Strange, Brutal Murders, and Everyone's Baffled". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- ^ a b "Murder of a Polish ex-premier" [Убийство польского экс-премьера]. Kommersant (in Russian). 7 September 1992. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
Эксперты-криминалисты считают, что перед смертью Алиция успела ранить своего убийцу (в комнате найдена кровь двух групп).
- ^ a b "The Karate gang - They killed the former prime minister of the Polish People's Republic and his wife". Onet.pl. 22 August 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
- ^ "Z okazji srebrnego jubileuszu Polski Ludowej. Dekoracja zasłużonych działaczy najwyższymi odznaczeniami". Dziennik Polski. Kraków. pp. 1, 4. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
{{cite magazine}}: Unknown parameter|data=ignored (|date=suggested) (help) - ^ (in Polish)Będą pozbawieni odznaczeń, [w:] „Trybuna Robotnicza”, nr 139, 14 lipca 1981, s. 1.
- ^ Aleksander Mazur (2005). Order Krzyża Grunwaldu: monografia historyczna. p. 160.
- ^ "Wręczenie odznaczeń w Belwederze". Nowiny (in Polish). 20 July 1964. p. 2.
- ^ Aleksander Mazur (2005). Order Krzyża Grunwaldu: monografia historyczna. p. 167.
- ^ M.P. z 1947 r. Nr 74, poz. 490
- ^ Aleksander Mazur (2005). Order Krzyża Grunwaldu: monografia historyczna. p. 235.
- ^ (in Polish)Medale 30-lecia dla czołowych działaczy partyjnych i państwowych, [w:] „Trybuna Śląska|Trybuna Robotnicza”, nr 170, 19 lipca 1974, s. 1.
- ^ M.P. z 1946 r. Nr 26, poz. 43
- ^ M.P. z 1955 r. Nr 22, poz. 220
- ^ "Strażak: pismo Związku Ochotniczych Straży Pożarnych", nr 19 (330), 1-15 October 1966, page 5
- ^ (in Polish) Medale radzieckie dla polskich przywódców, [w:] „Dziennik Bałtycki”, nr 106, 9–11 May 1975, page 1.
- ^ (in Polish) Euzebiusz Basiński, Polska-ZSRR. Kronika faktów i wydarzeń 1944–1971, Wyd. Książka i Wiedza, Warszawa 1973, s. 392.
- ^ (in Polish) Odznaczenia generałów i oficerów WP orderami Republiki Czechosłowackiej, [w:] „Dziennik Zachodni”, nr 57, 27 lutego 1949, s. 2.
- ^ (in Polish) Rozpoczęcie polsko-fińskich rozmów plenarnych, [w:] „Trybuna Robotnicza”, nr 277, 27 listopada 1974, s. 1–2.
- ^ (in Polish) Zbigniew Dunin-Wilczyński, Legia Honorowa. Zarys historii orderu. Ostrołęka 1997, s. 63.
- ^ Drugi dzień wizyty premiera PRL w Iranie, [w:] „Trybuna Robotnicza”, nr 265, 13 listopada 1974, s. 2.
- ^ "Ordem do Infante D. Henrique". 1976.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|published=ignored (help) - ^ (in Polish) „Biuletyn Informacyjny”, T. 18. Wyd. 40–52, s. IR-11.
- ^ (in Polish) Polsko-argentyńskie rozmowy, [w:] „Trybuna Robotnicza]]”, nr 109, 9 maja 1974, s. 2.
- ^ (in Polish) Premier PRL przebywał w prowinicji Matanzas, [w:] „Trybuna Robotnicza”, nr 69, 28 marca 1979, s. 1–2.
- ^ Umocnienie braterskiej przyjaźni polsko-bułgarskiej, [w:] „Trybuna Robotnicza”, nr 268, 10 listopada 1972, s. 1–2.
- ^ Spotkanie przywódców Polski i Bułgarii – rozpoczęcie rozmów plenarnych, „Trybuna Robotnicza”, nr 24, 1 lutego 1979, s. 1.
- ^ Medale Georgi Dymitrowa dla członków kierownictwa PZPR, [w:] „Trybuna Robotnicza”, nr 266, 8 listopada 1972, s. 1.
External links
editMedia related to Piotr Jaroszewicz at Wikimedia Commons